scholarly journals Shape as a Cognitive Archetype of the English Linguoculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 304-311
Author(s):  
E. Savitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Mental States ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Abstract Thinking ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Adequate Understanding ◽  
The World ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
Clear Presentation ◽  
Genuine Knowledge

The article is devoted to revealing the cultural and historic continuity of eidetic and abstract thinking and their structural parallelism. The author describes the cognitive archetype “Shape” in English linguoculture, shows what subject areas are modelled by using the above-mentioned archetype (mental states / properties, action and its effect, objective circumstances etc.) and points out the importance of the cognitive archetype in question for modern abstract thinking and modelling of reality. The role of the cognitive archetype “Configuration of objects” for abstract thinking and modelling of reality is emphasized. In particular, it has been demonstrated that among representatives of English linguoculture the image of a straight line is often associated with simplicity, truthfulness, honesty, sincerity, rejecting ambiguity in expressing thoughts, spontaneity, whereas the image of a curved line is often associated with complexity, deceit, insincerity, hypocrisy, resourcefulness, fraud, wrongness, deviation from the norm, standard, from a simple and clear presentation of thoughts. The author notes that the numerous language examples given in the article indicate an important circumstance in the field of cognitive science: a person does not believe that he has deeply understood the structure and essence of a non-perceivable object until he imagines its spatial outlines. The author states that information about the environment is received through sensory channels, with further processing of the information received through the channels, constructing abstract notions from sensory images, but, as can be seen from the examples, never loses connection with the images. The author also notes that man is an intelligent primate; his picture of the world, figuratively speaking, is a building of the human mind based on ape’s sensations. But the sensations that man has inherited from his animal ancestors do not prevent him from gaining genuine knowledge, developing abstract thinking, and achieving an adequate understanding of the world.

The Role of Cognitive Patterns in Modelling Reality by Means of Natural Language (The Case Study of the English Cognitive Pattern “Cleanness / Dirtiness”)

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Savitskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Cognitive Patterns ◽  
Cognitive Pattern ◽  
The World ◽  
Internal Comparison

In the field of cognitive linguistics it is accepted that, before developing its capacity for abstract and theoretical thought, the human mind went through the stage of reflecting reality through concrete images and thus has inherited old cognitive patterns. Even abstract notions of the modern civilization are based on traditional concrete images, and it is all fixed in natural language units. By way of illustration, the author analyzes the cognitive pattern “сleanness / dirtiness” as a constituent part of the English linguoculture, looking at the whole range of its verbal realization and demonstrating its influence on language-based thinking and modeling of reality. Comparing meanings of language units with their inner forms enabled the author to establish the connection between abstract notions and concrete images within cognitive patterns. Using the method of internal comparison and applying the results of etymological reconstruction of language units’ inner form made it possible to see how the world is viewed by representatives of the English linguoculture. Apparently, in the English linguoculture images of cleanness / dirtiness symbolize mainly two thematic areas: that of morality and that of renewal. Since every ethnic group has its own axiological dominants (key values) that determine the expressiveness of verbal invectives, one can draw the conclusion that people perceive and comprehend world fragments through the prism of mental stereo-types fixed in the inner form of language units. Sometimes, in relation to specific language units, a conflict arises between the inner form which retains traditional thinking and a meaning that reflects modern reality. Still, linguoculture is a constantly evolving entity, and its de-velopment entails breaking established stereotypes and creating new ones. Linguistically, the victory of the new over the old is manifested in the “dying out” of the verbal support for pre-vious cognitive patterns, which leads to “reprogramming” (“recoding”) of linguoculture rep-resentatives’ mentality.

The Role of Supercomputers in Astronomical Modelling

1990 ◽  
Vol 8 (04) ◽  
pp. 319-326
Author(s):  
D. J. Faulkner
Keyword(s):  
Human Mind ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Scientific Content ◽  
Vector Processing ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Pictorial Representations ◽  
Physical Phenomena

Abstract Advances in digital computer technology since the middle decades of the twentieth century have transformed many subject areas in astrophysics. Topics which had previously been dealt with by analytic approximations (usually to a very limited number of special cases) suddenly became amenable to detailed numerical modelling for all cases. Frequently, insights derived from this modelling ran ahead of other techniques in predicting physical phenomena before they were either observed or discerned in purely analytic treatments. It has sometimes been said that the second half of this century has seen the advent of a totally new modus operandi in scientific research, which ranks alongside the two traditional approaches–experimentation and theory. The most powerful computers now available have greatly accelerated these developments. They employ simultaneous computational techniques (either vector processing or parallel processing, or both), and their throughput is so large that, for most problems, the only way in which the human mind can fully appreciate the scientific content of the numerical results being calculated is by transforming those results into pictorial representations. This paper draws on my experience as Academic Director of the ANU Supercomputer Facility during the first eighteen months of its operation, to describe the place which I believe super-computers will occupy in the development of astrophysics during the 1990s and into the next century.

scholarly journals The role of scientific cooperation among factors influencing the article citation count. Analytical review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-164
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Mzhelsky ◽  
Olga V. Moskaleva
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Collaboration ◽  
Citation Count ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
Subject Categories ◽  
The World ◽  
Publishing Policy ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
Article Citation

Although more than 60 known factors appear to affect article citation, almost a third of them are associated with scientific collaboration, which, according to scientometric studies prevails every year in most subject categories. This work is aimed at identifying the reasons behind attracting more citation due to scientificcooperation, analyzing the main trends and showing the position of Russian publications against the foreign ones, as well as presenting the best cases and highlighting opportunities for growth. Since the biomedicine field accounts for more than half of the articles in the world, attracts the highest citation and presents special regulations and initiatives that can change the publishing policy in other subject areas, it is analyzed separately with regards to each factor reviewed.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF MUSIC IN STRESS MANAGEMENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1SE) ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Anuradha Awasthi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Stress Management ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
The Body ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Happy Life ◽  
The World ◽  
Unique Power

Stress management refers to the development of certain psychological and physiological mechanisms that can be learned to reduce the side effects of human body and mind. According to Richard Lazarus and Susan Folk Men, when a person has few resources to reach a goal and the work to be done is too much, then he gets stressed. Research by Walter Cannon and Hans Salleay found that stress has negative effects on the body and mind. It is necessary for every human being to learn the techniques of stress management in order to live a satisfying, balanced and happy life. One of these techniques is the use of music. According to Jain Collingwood, music has such unique power that it reduces stress by affecting us emotionally. The melody of music makes the human mind happy, the lyrics of the song inspire the person and the heart likes the rhythm. Music affects all humans. The tradition of singing and dancing with different instruments in different languages ​​and dialects has been found in all the societies of the world, that is, music provides universal joy. तनाव प्रबंधन का अर्थ कुछ ऐसी मनेावैज्ञानिक और शारीरिक क्रियाआंे की प्रणाली विकसित करने से है जिन्हें सीख कर मनुष्य के शरीर और मन पर पडने वाले दुष्प्रभावोें को कम किया जा सकता है। रिचर्ड लज़ारस तथा सुसैन फोक मेन के अनुसार जब मनुष्य के पास किसी लक्ष्य तक पहुंचने के लिए संसाधन कम होते है और पूरे किये जाने वाले काम बहुत अधिक होते है तो उसे तनाव होता है। वाॅल्टर कैनन तथा हैन्स सेल्ये ने मनुष्यों तथा प्राणियों पर किये गये शोध मे पाया कि तनाव शरीर और मन पर नकारात्मक प्रभाव डालता है। प्रत्येक मनुष्य के लिए यह आवश्यक है कि वह संतोषप्रद, संतुलित और सुखी जीवन जीने के लिये तनाव प्रबंधन की तकनीके सीखे। इन्हीं तकनीको मे से एक है संगीत का उपयोग। जैन कालिंगवुड के अनुसार संगीत मे एैसी अनोखी शक्ति होती है जो कि हमें भावनात्मक रूप से प्रभावित कर तनाव को कम करती है। संगीत की स्वर लहरियाँ मनुष्य के मन को आनंदित करती हैं गीत के बोल व्यक्ति को प्रेरित करते हैं तथा लय मन को अच्छी लगती है। सभी मनुष्यों को संगीत प्रभावित करता है। विश्व के सभी समाजों मंे भिन्न - भिन्न भाषाओं और बोलियों में विभिन्न वाद्यों के साथ गाने तथा नृत्य करने की परंपरा पाई गई है अर्थात् संगीत सार्वभौमिक रूप से आनन्द प्रदान करता है।

Beckett and the Cognitive Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Bernini
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Modeling Technology ◽  
Dialogic Interaction ◽  
The Mind

How can literature enhance, parallel or reassess the scientific study of the mind? Or is literature instead limited to the ancillary role of representing cognitive processes? Beckett and the Cognitive Method argues that Beckett’s narrative work, rather than just expressing or rendering cognition and mental states, inaugurates an exploratory use of narrative as an introspective modeling technology (defined as “introspection by simulation”). Through a detailed analysis of Beckett’s entire corpus and published volumes of letters, the book argues that Beckett pioneered a new method of writing to construct (in a mode analogous to scientific inquiry) “models” for the exploration of core laws, processes, and dynamics in the human mind. Marco Bernini integrates models, problems, and interpretive frameworks from contemporary narrative theory, cognitive sciences, phenomenology, and philosophy of mind to make a case for Beckett’s modeling practice of a vast array of processes including: the (narrative) illusion of a sense of self, the hallucinatory quality of inner speech, the dialogic interaction with memories and felt presences, the synesthetic nature of inner experience and mental imagery, the developmental cooperation of language and locomotion, the role of moods and emotions as cognitive drives, the layered complexity of the mind, and the emergent quality of consciousness. Beckett and the Cognitive Method also reflects on how Beckett’s “fictional cognitive models” are transformed into reading, auditory, or spectatorial experiences generating through narrative devices insights on which the sciences can only discursively or descriptively report. As such, the study advocates for their relevance to the contemporary scientific debate toward an interdisciplinary co-modeling of cognition.

scholarly journals A Kantian Account of Emotions as Feelings1

Mind ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 129 (514) ◽  
pp. 429-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alix Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Moral Agency ◽  
Mental States ◽  
The State ◽  
Systematic Treatment ◽  
Cognitive States ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Distinct Role ◽  
Do So

Abstract The aim of this paper is to extract from Kant's writings an account of the nature of the emotions and their function – and to do so despite the fact that Kant neither uses the term ‘emotion’ nor offers a systematic treatment of it. Kant's position, as I interpret it, challenges the contemporary trends that define emotions in terms of other mental states and defines them instead first and foremost as ‘feelings’. Although Kant's views on the nature of feelings have drawn surprisingly little attention, I argue that the faculty of feeling has the distinct role of making us aware of the way our faculties relate to each other and to the world. As I show, feelings are affective appraisals of our activity, and as such they play an indispensable orientational function in the Kantian mind. After spelling out Kant's distinction between feeling and desire (§2), I turn to the distinction between feeling and cognition (§3) and show that while feelings are non-cognitive states, they have a form of derived-intentionality. §4 argues that what feelings are about, in this derived sense, is our relationship to ourselves and the world: they function as affective appraisals of the state of our agency. §5 shows that this function is necessary to the activity of the mind insofar as it is orientational. Finally, §6 discusses the examples of epistemic pleasure and moral contentment and argues that they manifest the conditions of cognitive and moral agency respectively.

scholarly journals Between Nature and Culture: Lévi-Strauss’s Structural Analysis of Myth in the Light of Semiotics

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (30) ◽  
pp. 211-217
Author(s):  
Tatiana Jankowska
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Symbolic Communication ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
Sign Systems ◽  
Structural Linguistics ◽  
The World ◽  
Individual Consciousness ◽  
Different Cultures

This article presents the influence of Claude Lévi-Strauss’s research in the field of cultural antropology on the guidelines and concepts of semiotics. Much empirical research in semiotics, connected with different systems of signs and revealing their functions in archaic human cultures, has been conducted on the ground of structural analysis. They are connected, among other things, with different cultures and societies, diversified both spatially and temporally. Thus, the integrating role of myth, as well as its uniting functions in the case of the organization of an individual consciousness, have a primeval modeling impact on the semiotic systems. According to Lévi-Strauss, there is a certain regularity of behaviors that stand for the mechanism of human symbolic communication. This regularity exists as an extention of the theory of signs that was previously worked out in the fields of structural linguistics and semiology. Lévi-Strauss’s theory concerns the collective unconscious of “the human mind” and is devoted to the unconscious nature of cultural phenomena, with a focus on searching for universal rules of thinking that are appropriate to all human minds. The subject of semiotics is a group of sign systems developed in different cultures. A cultural text presents a certain model of the world that we read using codes. The system of mythological signs reveals the cosmological concept of reality with relation to the mythopoetic view of the world.

scholarly journals A Paradigmatic Critique of Harold Pinter’s The Caretaker

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Dr Ajita Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Mental States ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
World War ◽  
Common People ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Harold Pinter ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Post War

Harold Pinter lived and wrote his plays after the World War period. In this period scholars were associated with the portrayal of unrefined and crude factors of warfare which were, directly and indirectly, related to the people of that time. They also depicted how governments were exploiting common people in the name of safety and warfare.  Despite the fact that Pinter's plays are not actually about warfare or the circumstance of Wars, his plays have the impressions of warfare in various shades. His plays display various levels of human existence. There is an exploration of mental, social, financial, human relationship, and the existential methodology of existence with ludicrousness in his plays. Pinter’s relationship is with the real elements of human existence and activities. He denies the idea of realism in his plays and says that “If you press me for a definition. I would say that what goes on in my plays is realistic, but what I’m doing is not realism” (The Essential Pinter, 11). He always tried to depict concrete and particular idea in his plays through concrete characters. He never wrote his plays for any kind of abstract idea. He is associated with realism in the matter of approach of depiction to the crude and drastic realities of the time. He has represented the post-war British socio-political issues, sensibilities and psychological as well as mental states of the human mind.

scholarly journals Język w służbie myśli. Szkice z dziejów polskiego słownictwa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Grzegorczykowa
Keyword(s):  
Abstract Thinking ◽  
Mental Life ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

The publication discusses general problems of linguistics, the role of language in psychical and mental life of man and the history of words – signs of abstract thinking. The guiding principle of the works collected in the volume is to consider language as a fundamental tool for thinking and comprehending the world.

The Unity of Perception

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Schellenberg
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenal Character ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Perceptual System ◽  
Perceptual Content ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
The Third ◽  
Invariant Features ◽  
The World

Perception is our key to the world. It plays at least three different roles in our lives. It justifies beliefs and provides us with knowledge of our environment. It brings about conscious mental states. It converts informational input, such as light and sound waves, into representations of invariant features in our environment. Corresponding to these three roles, there are at least three fundamental questions that have motivated the study of perception. How does perception justify beliefs and yield knowledge of our environment? How does perception bring about conscious mental states? How does a perceptual system accomplish the feat of converting varying informational input into mental representations of invariant features in our environment? This book develops a unified account of the phenomenological and epistemological role of perception that is informed by empirical research. So it develops an account of perception that provides an answer to the first two questions, while being sensitive to scientific accounts that address the third question. The key idea is that perception is constituted by employing perceptual capacities—for example the capacity to discriminate instances of red from instances of blue. Perceptual content, consciousness, and evidence are each analyzed in terms of this basic property of perception. Employing perceptual capacities constitutes phenomenal character as well as perceptual content. The primacy of employing perceptual capacities in perception over their derivative employment in hallucination and illusion grounds the epistemic force of perceptual experience. In this way, the book provides a unified account of perceptual content, consciousness, and evidence.

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