Inhibitory control of positive and negative information and adolescent depressive symptoms: a population-based cohort study

Abstract Background Large population-based cohort studies of neuropsychological factors that characterise or precede depressive symptoms are rare. Most studies use small case-control or cross-sectional designs, which may cause selection bias and cannot test temporality. In a large UK population-based cohort, we investigated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between inhibitory control of positive and negative information and adolescent depressive symptoms. Methods Cohort study of 2328 UK adolescents who completed an affective go/no-go task at age 18. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Clinical Interview Schedule Revised (CIS-R) and short Mood and Feeling Questionnaire (sMFQ) at age 18, and with the sMFQ 1 year later (age 19). Analyses were multilevel and traditional linear regressions, before and after adjusting for confounders. Results Cross-sectionally, we found little evidence that adolescents with more depressive symptoms made more inhibitory control errors [after adjustments, errors increased by 0.04% per 1 s.d. increase in sMFQ score (95% confidence interval 0.02–0.06)], but this association was not observed for the CIS-R. There was no evidence for an influence of valence. Longitudinally, there was no evidence that reduced inhibitory control was associated with future depressive symptoms. Conclusions Inhibitory control of positive and negative information does not appear to be a marker of current or future depressive symptoms in adolescents and would not be a useful target in interventions to prevent adolescent depression. Our lack of convincing evidence for associations with depressive symptoms suggests that the affective go/no-go task is not a promising candidate for future neuroimaging studies of adolescent depression.

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Executive control of positive and negative information and adolescent depressive symptoms: cross-sectional and longitudinal associations in a population-based cohort

10.1101/548834 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Gemma Lewis ◽

Katherine S. Button ◽

Rebecca M Pearson ◽

Marcus R Munafo ◽

Glyn Lewis

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Executive Control ◽

Adolescent Depression ◽

Large Population ◽

Population Based ◽

Negative Information ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adolescent Depressive Symptoms ◽

Before And After ◽

Longitudinal Associations

AbstractBackgroundLarge population-based studies of neuropsychological factors that characterize or precede depressive symptoms are rare. Most studies use small case-control or cross-sectional designs, which may cause selection bias and cannot test temporality. In a large UK population-based cohort we investigated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between executive control of positive and negative information and adolescent depressive symptoms.MethodsCohort study of 2315 UK adolescents (ALSPAC) who completed an affective go/no-go task at age 18. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Clinical Interview Schedule Revised (CIS-R) and short Mood and Feeling Questionnaire (sMFQ) at age 18, and with the sMFQ 15 months later. Analyses were linear multilevel regressions (for cross-sectional associations) and traditional linear regressions (for longitudinal associations), before and after adjustment for confounders.ResultsCross-sectionally, at age 18, there was some evidence that adolescents with more depressive symptoms made more errors in executive control (after adjustments, errors increased by 0.17 of a point per 1 SD increase in sMFQ score, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.25). However, this cross-sectional association was not observed for the CIS-R (.03, 95% CI -.06 to .12). There was no evidence of a difference in executive control errors according to valence. Longitudinally, there was no evidence that reduced executive control was associated with future depressive symptoms.ConclusionsExecutive control of positive and negative information does not appear to be a marker of current or future depressive symptoms in adolescents and would therefore not be a useful target in interventions to prevent adolescent depression. According to our evidence, the affective go/no-go task is also not a good candidate for future neuroimaging studies of adolescent depression.

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Parental migraine in relation to migraine in offspring: Family linkage analyses from the HUNT Study

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1177/0333102419828989 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (7) ◽

pp. 854-862 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sigrid Børte ◽

John-Anker Zwart ◽

Synne Øien Stensland ◽

Knut Hagen ◽

Bendik S Winsvold

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Large Population ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maternal Line ◽

Hunt Study ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Migrainous Headache

Background Migraine is known to run in families. While some clinical studies have indicated that migraine is disproportionally transmitted through the maternal line, this has not been examined in a population-based setting. Methods We utilized a large, population-based cohort study from Norway, the HUNT Study. Using a cross-sectional design, our sample consisted of 13,731 parents and 8970 offspring. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for active migraine and non-migrainous headache in offspring, given active maternal or paternal headache. Results There was a significant association between maternal migraine and offspring migraine (odds ratio 2.76, 95% confidence interval 2.18–3.51). A weaker association ( p = 0.004 for comparison with maternal migraine) was found between paternal migraine and offspring migraine (odds ratio 1.67, 95% confidence interval 1.33–2.28). For non-migrainous headache, there was a significant association between mothers and offspring (odds ratio 1.25, 95% confidence interval 1.10–1.43), but not between fathers and offspring. Conclusions Parental migraine is associated with offspring migraine, with a stronger association for maternal migraine. This may indicate maternal-specific transmission.

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Assessment of longitudinal and cross-sectional effects of age on adult obesity in an Iranian population: results of a large population-based cohort study

10.32592/ircmj.2021.23.6.736 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Large Population ◽

Target Population ◽

Population Based ◽

Repeated Measurements ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Longitudinal Effects ◽

The Cross

Background: The risk of obesity commonly changes with age, which is a longitudinal (aging) effect. Moreover, the individuals who enter the study at the same age have similar living conditions that may influence their obesity risk in a particular way; this is a cross-sectional effect. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age should be considered for a better understanding of the effect of age on obesity and the related factors. Objectives: The present study aimed to (i) assess both the cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age on obesity and (ii) determine how obesity changes with age in the target population using a Marginal Logistic Regression (MLR) model. Materials and Methods: The current study made use of the information of individuals who had participated in the Isfahan Cohort Study. Participants were a large group of Iranian adults over 35 years of age who lived in the central region of Iran in 2001. Repeated measurements were obtained in 2001, 2007, and 2013. Results: From 2001 to 2013, the percentage of obesity in men and women raised from 13% and 31% to 18% and 44%, respectively. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age were significantly associated with the odds ratio of obesity. There was a rise in the probability of obesity for individuals aged 35-60 years at baseline and a decline for the older ones. The odds of obesity had about a 2% increase (on average) per year, regardless of the baseline age. Conclusion: The obtained results pointed to a difference between the cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age on the probability of obesity in the target population. The high and rising prevalence of obesity was a serious public health issue among participants, especially women, aged 35-60 years. The assessment of changes in obesity in a population-based study provides opportunities to target subpopulations that need more care and attention in public health interventions

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Assessing longitudinal and cross-sectional effects of age on adult obesity in an Iranian population: results from a large population-based cohort study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-21244/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mahsa Rafiee Alhossaini ◽

Anoshirvan Kazemnejad ◽

Farid Zayeri ◽

Masoumeh Sadeghi

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Large Population ◽

Aging Effect ◽

Population Based ◽

Repeated Measurements ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Longitudinal Effects ◽

Study Participants

Abstract AbstractThe risk of obesity commonly changes with age, which is a longitudinal (aging) effect. Also, individuals who enter the study of the same age have similar living conditions that may influence their obesity risk in a particular way; this is a cross-sectional effect. To assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age, using a Marginal Logistic Regression model. In the current study, we used the information of individuals who had participated in the Isfahan Cohort Study. Participants were a large group of Iranian adults over 35 years of age in 2001, who lived in the central region of Iran. Repeated measurements were obtained in 2001, 2007, and 2013. From 2001 to 2013, the percentage of obesity in men and women has raised from 13% to 18% and from 31% to 44%, respectively. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age were significantly associated with the odds ratio of obesity. There was a rise in the probability of obesity for individuals with a baseline age of 35 to 60 and a decline for the older ones. The odds of obesity had about a 2% increase (on average) with each year of aging, regardless of the baseline age. The high frequency of individuals with obesity and its fast growth has been a serious public health issue among Iranian adults aged 35-60 years, especially in women. To better understand the effect of age on obesity and identify the related factors, both cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age should be considered.

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Associations between Body Composition and Mortality: A Large Population-Based Cohort Study

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3529465 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Fu-Rong Li ◽

Pei-Liang Chen ◽

Xin Cheng ◽

Hai-Lian Yang ◽

Wen-Fang Zhong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Large Population ◽

Population Based

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Mental vulnerability before and depressive symptoms during pregnancy and postpartum: a prospective population-based cohort study from general practice

Nordic Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1080/08039488.2021.1953583 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Ruth K. Ertmann ◽

Bente K. Lyngsøe ◽

Dagny R. Nicolaisdottir ◽

Jakob Kragstrup ◽

Volkert Siersma

Keyword(s):

General Practice ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Population Based ◽

Pregnancy And Postpartum

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Inhibitory control mediates the interaction between serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) and peer victimization on adolescent depressive symptoms

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94267-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaonan Lin ◽

Yanmiao Cao ◽

Linqin Ji ◽

Wenxin Zhang

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Peer Victimization ◽

Inhibitory Control ◽

Serotonin Transporter ◽

Serotonin Transporter Gene ◽

Transporter Gene ◽

Chinese Han ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Adolescent Depressive Symptoms

AbstractMany efforts have been devoted to investigating the effect of the interaction between the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) and environment (G × E) on depression, but they yield mixed results. The inconsistency has suggested that G × E effects may be more complex than originally conceptualized, and further study is warranted. This study explored the association among 5-HTTLPR, peer victimization and depressive symptoms and the underlying mediating role of inhibitory control in this association. A total of 871 Chinese Han adolescents (Mage = 15.32 years, 50.3% girls) participated and provided saliva samples from which the 5-HTTLPR was genotyped. This study found that 5-HTTLPR interacted with peer victimization in predicting depressive symptoms. Adolescents carrying L allele reported more depressive symptoms than SS carriers when exposed to higher level of peer victimization. Furthermore, adolescents’ inhibitory control deficits mediated the association between 5-HTTLPR × peer victimization and depressive symptoms. These findings suggested that one pathway in which G × E may confer vulnerability to depressive symptoms is through disruptions to adolescents’ inhibitory control system.

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The Association of Periodontitis and Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease in a Prospective Population-Based Cross-Sectional Cohort Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10102048 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 2048

Author(s):

Nicole Jacobi ◽

Carolin Walther ◽

Katrin Borof ◽

Guido Heydecke ◽

Udo Seedorf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease ◽

Ankle Brachial Index ◽

Population Based ◽

Arterial Occlusive Disease ◽

Occlusive Disease ◽

Health Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Severe Periodontitis ◽

Peripheral Arterial

Objectives: Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) and periodontitis are common chronic diseases, which together affect almost 1 billion people worldwide. There is growing evidence suggesting a relationship between chronic inflammatory conditions such as periodontitis and PAOD. This study aims to determine an association between both entities using high quality research data and multiple phenotypes derived from an epidemiological cohort study. Design: This population-based cross-sectional cohort study included data from 3271 participants aged between 45 and 74 years enrolled in the Hamburg City Health Study (NCT03934957). Material & Methods: An ankle-brachial-index below 0.9, color-coded ultrasound of the lower extremity arteries, and survey data was used to identify participants with either asymptomatic or symptomatic PAOD. Periodontitis data was collected at six sites per tooth and included the probing depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment loss, and bleeding on probing index. Multivariate analyses using logistic regression models were adjusted for variables including age, sex, smoking, education, diabetes, and hypertension. Results: The baseline characteristics differed widely between participants neither affected by periodontitis nor PAOD vs. the group where both PAOD and severe periodontitis were identified. A higher rate of males, higher age, lower education level, smoking, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease was observed in the group affected by both diseases. After adjusting, presence of severe periodontitis (odds ratio 1.265; 97.5% CI 1.006–1.591; p = 0.045) was independently associated with PAOD. Conclusion: In this cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort study, an independent association between periodontitis and PAOD was revealed. The results of the current study emphasize a potential for preventive medicine in an extremely sensitive target population. Future studies should determine the underlying factors modifying the relationship between both diseases.

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