Genetic and environmental influences on juvenile antisocial behaviour assessed on two occasions

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1315-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. JACOBSON ◽  
C. A. PRESCOTT ◽  
K. S. KENDLER
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Retrospective Reports ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Mz Twins

Background. There is conflicting evidence concerning the magnitude of genetic and shared environmental influences on juvenile antisocial behaviour (AB). The use of more than one assessment of AB may yield more accurate estimates of these influences.Methods. Retrospective reports of antisocial behaviour prior to age 18 were obtained on two occasions from a population-based sample of 3522 adult males from male–male twin pairs: phone interviews (wave 1) and self-report questionnaires obtained 19 months later (wave 2). Structural equation modelling estimated the genetic and environmental influences on reliably-measured AB. Factors related to participation of co-twin at wave 1, attrition between waves 1 and 2, and reliability of wave 1 and wave 2 assessments were also investigated.Results. Twin analyses revealed that genetic, shared environmental, and non-shared environmental influences accounted for approximately 33% (95% CI = 9–57%), 31% (95% CI = 10–51%) and 36% (95% CI = 29–44%) of the variance of reliably measured AB, respectively. We also found significant occasion-specific genetic influences on wave 1 AB. Wave 1 AB did not predict wave 1 participation of co-twin or attrition, but was related to reliability. Co-twins of MZ twins and younger twins were more likely to participate at wave 1; attrition was predicted by being a DZ twin, lack of initial participation of co-twin, fewer years of education, and fewer children. Being older, being unmarried, and having less psychopathology were associated with greater reliability.Conclusions. When measurement error is taken into account, both genetic and shared environmental factors are significant influences on juvenile AB, accounting for approximately one- third of variation. The origin of the specific genetic influences on wave 1 AB is unclear, but may be due to factors related to measurement.

scholarly journals Different heritabilities but shared etiological influences for parent, teacher and self-ratings of ADHD symptoms: an adolescent twin study

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1973-1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Merwood ◽  
C. U. Greven ◽  
T. S. Price ◽  
F. Rijsdijk ◽  
J. Kuntsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Teacher Ratings ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Post Hoc

BackgroundParent and teacher ratings of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms yield high estimates of heritability whereas self-ratings typically yield lower estimates. To understand why, the present study examined the etiological overlap between parent, teacher and self-ratings of ADHD symptoms in a population-based sample of 11–12-year-old twins.MethodParticipants were from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS). ADHD symptoms were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) hyperactivity scale completed by parents, teachers and children. Structural equation modeling was used to examine genetic and environmental contributions to phenotypic variance/covariance.ResultsThe broad-sense heritability of ADHD symptoms was 82% for parent ratings, 60% for teacher ratings and 48% for self-ratings. Post-hoc analyses revealed significantly higher heritability for same-teacher than different-teacher ratings of ADHD (76% v. 49%). A common pathway model best explained the relationship between different informant ratings, with common genetic influences accounting for 84% of the covariance between parent, teacher and self-rated ADHD symptoms. The remaining variance was explained by rater-specific genetic and non-shared environmental influences.ConclusionsDespite different heritabilities, there were shared genetic influences for parent, teacher and self-ratings of ADHD symptoms, indicating that different informants rated some of the same aspects of behavior. The low heritability estimated for self-ratings and different-teacher ratings may reflect increased measurement error when different informants rate each twin from a pair, and/or greater non-shared environmental influences. Future studies into the genetic influences on ADHD should incorporate informant data in addition to self-ratings to capture a pervasive, heritable component of ADHD symptomatology.

Sex differences in the genetic and environmental influences on the development of antisocial behavior

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
KRISTEN C. JACOBSON ◽  
CAROL A. PRESCOTT ◽  
KENNETH S. KENDLER
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Retrospective Reports ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Adult Twins

The present study uses a population-based sample of 6,806 adult twins from same-sex and opposite-sex twin pairs to examine sex differences in the underlying genetic and environmental architecture of the development of antisocial behavior (AB). Retrospective reports of AB during three different developmental periods were obtained: prior to age 15 years (childhood), age 15–17 years (adolescent), and age 18 years and older (adult). Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that there was no evidence for sex-specific genetic or sex-specific shared family environmental influences on the development of AB; that is, the types of genetic and environmental influence were similar for males and females. For both sexes, a model that allowed for genetic influences on adolescent and adult AB that were not shared with childhood AB fit better than a model with a single genetic factor. In contrast, shared environmental influences on adolescent and adult AB overlapped entirely with shared environmental influences on childhood AB. Genetic factors played a larger role in variation in childhood AB among females, whereas shared environmental factors played a larger role among males. However, heritability of AB increased from childhood to adolescence and adulthood for both sexes, and the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on adolescent and adult AB was approximately equal across sex. We speculate that sex differences in timing of puberty may account for the earlier presence of genetic effects among females.

Mates and Marriage Matter: Genetic and Environmental Influences on Subjective Wellbeing Across Marital Status

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragnhild B. Nes ◽  
Espen Røysamb ◽  
Jennifer R. Harris ◽  
Nikolai Czajkowski ◽  
Kristian Tambs
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Nonshared Environment ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSpecific environments and social relationships may alter the impact of genes. Previous studies have shown marriage to moderate heritability for depressive symptoms in females, suggesting that marriage provides protection or compensation against genetic risks. Similar mechanisms may be relevant for subjective wellbeing (SWB), which is considerably influenced by genes and almost universally associated with marital status. Questionnaire data on SWB from a population-based sample of 1250 monozygotic (MZ) and 981 dizygotic (DZ) male and female twin pairs (n= 4462) were analyzed using structural equation modeling by means of Mx to investigate genetic and environmental influences on SWB across marital status. Resemblance for SWB in MZ twins exceeded that of DZ twins, but the magnitude of this difference varied across marital status. Genetic factors explained 51% and 54% of the variance in SWB among unmarried males and females, and 41% and 39% in married or cohabitating respondents. Remaining variance was attributable to the nonshared environment. The genetic influences were partly different (rg= 0.64) across marital status in females, but overlapping in married and single males. Our findings show that marriage moderates the magnitude of genetic influences on SWB in both males and females, with a smaller estimate of genetic influences for those with a marital or equivalent partner. The genetic influences on SWB are thus clearly contingent on the environmental context.

scholarly journals Bidirectional pathways between psychosocial risk factors and paranoid ideation in a general nonclinical population

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Aino Saarinen ◽  
Niklas Granö ◽  
Mirka Hintsanen ◽  
Terho Lehtimäki ◽  
C. Robert Cloninger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Paranoid Ideation ◽  
Reciprocal Interactions ◽  
Predictive Relationships

Abstract We investigated (a) whether psychosocial factors (experienced stress, anticipatory worry, social detachment, sleeping disturbances, alcohol use) predict the course of paranoid ideation between the ages of 24 to 50 years and (b) whether the predictive relationships are more likely to proceed from the psychosocial factors to paranoid ideation, or vice versa. The participants (N = 1534–1553) came from the population-based Young Finns study. Paranoid ideation and psychosocial factors were assessed by reliable self-report questionnaires in 2001, 2007, and 2011/2012. The data were analyzed using growth curve and structural equation models. High experienced stress, anticipatory worry, social detachment, frequent sleeping disturbances, and frequent alcohol use predicted more paranoid ideation. More risk factors predicted increasing paranoid ideation. There were bidirectional predictive relationships of paranoid ideation with experienced stress, anticipatory worry, social detachment, and sleeping disturbances. The link between alcohol use and paranoid ideation was only correlative. In conclusion, paranoid ideation increases by reciprocal interactions with stress, worry, social detachment, and sleeping disturbances. The findings support the threat–anticipation model of paranoid ideation, providing important implications for treatment of paranoia.

scholarly journals Evidence for Shared Genetic Influences on Self-Reported ADHD and Autistic Symptoms in Young Adult Australian Twins

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 579-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M. Reiersen ◽  
John N. Constantino ◽  
Marisa Grimmer ◽  
Nicholas. G. Martin ◽  
Richard D. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Social Responsiveness ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Autistic Symptoms ◽  
Shared Genetic

AbstractRecent clinic-based and population-based studies have shown evidence of association between ADHD and autistic symptoms in children and adolescents as well as evidence for genetic overlap between these disorders. The objective of the current study was to confirm the association between autistic and ADHD symptoms in a young adult twin sample assessed by self-report, and investigate whether shared genetic and/or environmental factors can explain the association. We performed twin-based structural equation modeling using self-report data from 11 Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) items and 12 DSM-IV ADHD inattentive and impulsive symptom items obtained from 674 young adult Australian twins. Phenotypic correlation between autistic and ADHD symptoms was moderate. The most parsimonious univariate models for SRS and ADHD included additive genetic effects and unique environmental effects, without sex differences. ADHD and autistic traits were both moderately heritable. In a bivariate model, genetic correlation (rg) between SRS and ADHD was 0.72. Our results suggest that in young adults, a substantial proportion of the genetic influences on self-reported autistic and ADHD symptoms may be shared between the two disorders.

scholarly journals Genetic and Environmental Influences on the Correlations between Traits of Metabolic Syndrome and CKD

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1590-1596
Author(s):  
Xu Chen ◽  
Istiak Bhuiyan ◽  
Ralf Kuja-Halkola ◽  
Patrik K. E. Magnusson ◽  
Per Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Population Based ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Genes And Environment

Background and objectivesMetabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors associated with CKD. By studying the genetic and environmental influences on how traits of metabolic syndrome correlate with CKD, the understanding of the etiological relationships can be improved.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsFrom the population-based TwinGene project within the Swedish Twin Registry, 4721 complete twin pairs (9442 European ancestry participants) were included in this cross-sectional twin study. Metabolic syndrome-related continuous traits were measured, and the binary components as well as the status of metabolic syndrome were defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III. The eGFR was calculated by cystatin C-based equations from the CKD epidemiology collaboration group, and CKD was defined by eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Genetic and environmental contributions to the correlations between traits of metabolic syndrome and CKD were estimated by using twin-based bivariate structural equation models.ResultsThe correlation between metabolic syndrome and eGFR-defined CKD was 0.16 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.12 to 0.20), out of which 51% (95% CI, 12% to 90%) was explained by genes, whereas 15% (95% CI, 0% to 42%) and 34% (95% CI, 16% to 52%) was explained by the shared and nonshared environment, respectively. The genetic and environmental correlations between metabolic syndrome and CKD were 0.29 (95% CI, 0.07 to 0.51) and 0.27 (95% CI, 0.13 to 0.41), respectively. For the correlation between abdominal obesity and eGFR, 69% (95% CI, 10% to 100%) was explained by genes and 23% (95% CI, 5% to 41%) was explained by environment. The genetic correlation between abdominal obesity and eGFR was −0.30 (95% CI, −0.54 to −0.06), whereas the environmental correlation was −0.14 (95% CI, −0.22 to −0.06).ConclusionsBoth genes and environment contribute to the correlation between metabolic syndrome and eGFR-defined CKD. The genetic contribution is particularly important to the correlation between abdominal obesity and eGFR.

Genetic and environmental influences on anorexia nervosa syndromes in a population–based twin sample

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. KLUMP ◽  
K. B. MILLER ◽  
P. K. KEEL ◽  
M. McGUE ◽  
W. G. IACONO
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Structured Interviews

Background. Genetic and environmental influences on broadly-defined anorexia nervosa (AN) syndrome were examined in a population-based twin sample.Methods. AN syndrome was assessed in 672 female 17 year-old twins using structured interviews and a self-report questionnaire.Results. Twenty-six probands with AN syndrome were identified. Biometrical model-fitting analyses indicated that genetic and non-shared environmental factors accounted for 74 % and 26 % of the variance in AN syndrome, respectively.Conclusions. Findings support previous research indicating significant genetic and non-shared environmental influences on AN syndromes.

The Occupation of Leisure: Three Typologies and Their Influence on Mental Health in Adolescence

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Passmore
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Leisure Participation ◽  
Self Worth

In the occupational therapy literature reviewed, limited empirical research has tested the links between the occupation of leisure and health. This study examines the influences of leisure participation on mental health outcomes in adolescents and investigates the mediating constructs of self-efficacy, competence, and global self-worth as hypothesized in an a priori model developed from earlier research. With the use of a population-based approach, this study surveyed 850 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years, using a standardized self-report battery. Structural equation modeling was employed to investigate relationships and test the goodness-of-fit of the hypothesized model. Results demonstrate that leisure participation has a significant and positive relationship with mental health, and positively influences self-efficacy, competence, and global self-worth. However, results also show that only selected forms of leisure are positive influences on adolescent mental health development. These findings provide evidence to support a theoretical basis for the relationship between the occupation of leisure and health, and are discussed in relation to occupational therapy ideology.

Influence of Placentation on High Density Lipoproteins in Adult Males: The NHLBI Twin Study

1991 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Reed ◽  
J.C. Christian ◽  
P.D. Wood ◽  
E.J. Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Blood Institute ◽  
Mz Twins

AbstractDizygotic (DZ) World War II veteran twins who participated in the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Twin Study have been reported to have greater variance than monozygotic (MZ) twins for plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), cholesterol in the low-density fraction of HDL (HDL2-C) and apolipoprotein A-I, a major protein component of HDL. It was hypothesized that a possible source of this difference in zygosity variance could be prenatal environmental influences related to placental type. Dermatoglyphics were used to provide a retrospective index of placental type in a subset of the NHLBI MZ twins aged 59-70. The MZ twins classified as dichorionic were found to have significantly greater within-pair variability than the monochorionic MZ twins for HDL-C, HDL2-C and Apo A-I. These findings indicate that intrauterine environmental influences on HDL are manifest later in life.

Investigating genetic and environmental contributions to adolescent externalizing behavior in a collectivistic culture: a multi-informant twin study

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1989-1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chen ◽  
J. Yu ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
X. Li ◽  
M. McGue
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
Teacher Report Form

BackgroundLittle is known about the etiology of adolescents’ externalizing behavior (Ext) in collectivistic cultures. We aimed to fill this gap by investigating the genetic and environmental influences on Ext in Chinese adolescents. The etiological heterogeneity of aggression (AGG) and rule breaking (RB) was also examined.MethodThe study sample included 908 pairs of same-sex twins aged from 10 to 18 years (mean = 13.53 years, s.d. = 2.26). Adolescents’ Ext were assessed with the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment including Child Behavior Checklist, Teacher Report Form, and Youth Self-Report.ResultsUnivariate genetic analyses showed that genetic influences on all measures were moderate ranging from 34% to 50%, non-shared environmental effects ranged from 23% to 52%, and shared environmental effects were significant in parent- and teacher-reported measures ranging from 29% to 43%. Bivariate genetic analyses indicated that AGG and RB shared large genetic influences (rg = 0.64–0.79) but moderate non-shared environmental factors (re = 0.34–0.52).ConclusionsChinese adolescents’ Ext was moderately influenced by genetic factors. AGG and RB had moderate independent genetic and non-shared environmental influences, and thus constitute etiologically distinct dimensions within Ext in Chinese adolescents. The heritability of AGG, in particular, was smaller in Chinese adolescents than suggested by previous data obtained on Western peers. This study suggests that the collectivistic cultural values and Confucianism philosophy may attenuate genetic potential in Ext, especially AGG.

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