Sex differences in the genetic and environmental influences on the development of antisocial behavior

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
KRISTEN C. JACOBSON ◽  
CAROL A. PRESCOTT ◽  
KENNETH S. KENDLER
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Retrospective Reports ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Adult Twins

The present study uses a population-based sample of 6,806 adult twins from same-sex and opposite-sex twin pairs to examine sex differences in the underlying genetic and environmental architecture of the development of antisocial behavior (AB). Retrospective reports of AB during three different developmental periods were obtained: prior to age 15 years (childhood), age 15–17 years (adolescent), and age 18 years and older (adult). Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that there was no evidence for sex-specific genetic or sex-specific shared family environmental influences on the development of AB; that is, the types of genetic and environmental influence were similar for males and females. For both sexes, a model that allowed for genetic influences on adolescent and adult AB that were not shared with childhood AB fit better than a model with a single genetic factor. In contrast, shared environmental influences on adolescent and adult AB overlapped entirely with shared environmental influences on childhood AB. Genetic factors played a larger role in variation in childhood AB among females, whereas shared environmental factors played a larger role among males. However, heritability of AB increased from childhood to adolescence and adulthood for both sexes, and the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on adolescent and adult AB was approximately equal across sex. We speculate that sex differences in timing of puberty may account for the earlier presence of genetic effects among females.

A twin study of genetic and environmental influences on tobacco initiation, regular tobacco use and nicotine dependence

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1251-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
HERMINE H. MAES ◽  
PATRICK F. SULLIVAN ◽  
CYNTHIA M. BULIK ◽  
MICHAEL C. NEALE ◽  
CAROL A. PRESCOTT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Tobacco Initiation

Background. Numerous twin studies have reported significant genetic contributions to the variability of tobacco initiation (TI), while fewer studies have shown similar results for the persistence of smoking behavior, or nicotine dependence (ND). As the development of ND requires regular tobacco use (RTU) which in turn requires TI, a conditional approach is necessary.Method. We used structural equation modeling of multi-step conditional processes to examine the relationship between genetic and environmental risk factors for TI, RTU and ND. The tobacco variables were assessed by personal interview in female, male and opposite-sex twin pairs from the population-based Virginia Twin Registry.Results. The results suggested that the liabilities to TI, RTU and ND were correlated. Over 80% of the variance in liability to TI and RTU were shared, and a smaller proportion was shared between RTU and ND. The heritabilities were estimated at 75%, 80% and 60% respectively for TI, RTU and ND. The variance specific to liability to RTU was entirely accounted for by additive genetic factors. Only a modest part of the heritability in liability of ND was due to genetic factors specific to ND. Shared environmental factors were not significant. No sex differences were found for the sources of variation or causal paths, but prevalences were significantly greater in males versus females.Conclusions. This study showed significant overlap in the contribution of genetic factors to individual differences in TI, RTU and ND. Furthermore, there was evidence for significant additional genetic factors specific to RTU and ND.

scholarly journals Different heritabilities but shared etiological influences for parent, teacher and self-ratings of ADHD symptoms: an adolescent twin study

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1973-1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Merwood ◽  
C. U. Greven ◽  
T. S. Price ◽  
F. Rijsdijk ◽  
J. Kuntsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Teacher Ratings ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Post Hoc

BackgroundParent and teacher ratings of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms yield high estimates of heritability whereas self-ratings typically yield lower estimates. To understand why, the present study examined the etiological overlap between parent, teacher and self-ratings of ADHD symptoms in a population-based sample of 11–12-year-old twins.MethodParticipants were from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS). ADHD symptoms were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) hyperactivity scale completed by parents, teachers and children. Structural equation modeling was used to examine genetic and environmental contributions to phenotypic variance/covariance.ResultsThe broad-sense heritability of ADHD symptoms was 82% for parent ratings, 60% for teacher ratings and 48% for self-ratings. Post-hoc analyses revealed significantly higher heritability for same-teacher than different-teacher ratings of ADHD (76% v. 49%). A common pathway model best explained the relationship between different informant ratings, with common genetic influences accounting for 84% of the covariance between parent, teacher and self-rated ADHD symptoms. The remaining variance was explained by rater-specific genetic and non-shared environmental influences.ConclusionsDespite different heritabilities, there were shared genetic influences for parent, teacher and self-ratings of ADHD symptoms, indicating that different informants rated some of the same aspects of behavior. The low heritability estimated for self-ratings and different-teacher ratings may reflect increased measurement error when different informants rate each twin from a pair, and/or greater non-shared environmental influences. Future studies into the genetic influences on ADHD should incorporate informant data in addition to self-ratings to capture a pervasive, heritable component of ADHD symptomatology.

The Role of Visuospatial Ability in the Raven’s Progressive Matrices

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolette A. Waschl ◽  
Ted Nettelbeck ◽  
Nicholas R. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Visuospatial Ability ◽  
Fluid Ability ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Raven's Progressive Matrices

Abstract. Debate surrounding the role of visuospatial ability in performance on the Raven’s Progressive Matrices (RPM) has existed since their conception. This issue has yet to be adequately resolved, and may have implications regarding sex differences in scores. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between RPM performance, visuospatial ability and fluid ability, and any sex differences in these relationships. Data were obtained from three samples: two University samples completed the Advanced RPM and one population-based sample of men completed the Standard RPM. All samples additionally completed an alternative measure of fluid ability, and one or more measures of visuospatial ability. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationships between performance on the visuospatial and fluid ability tests and performance on the RPM. Visuospatial ability was found to significantly contribute to performance on the RPM, over and above fluid ability, supporting the contention that visuospatial ability is involved in RPM performance. No sex differences were found in this relationship, although sex differences in visuospatial ability may explain sex differences in RPM scores.

scholarly journals A Life Course Study of Genetic and Environmental Influences on Work Incapacity

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Karoline B. Seglem ◽  
Fartein A. Torvik ◽  
Espen Røysamb ◽  
Line C. Gjerde ◽  
Per Magnus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Population Based ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Aging Workforce ◽  
Total Proportion ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
High Degree

AbstractWork incapacity is a major public health challenge and an economic burden to both society and individuals. Understanding the underlying causes is becoming ever more relevant as many countries face an aging workforce. We examined stability and change in genetic and environmental factors influencing work incapacity from age 18 until retirement, and sex differences in these effects. The large population-based sample comprised information from 28,759 twins followed for up to 23 years combined with high-quality national registry data. We measured work incapacity as the total proportion of potential workdays lost due to sickness absence, rehabilitation and disability benefits. Structural equation modeling with twin data indicated moderate genetic influences on work incapacity throughout life in both men and women, with a high degree of genetic stability from young to old adulthood. Environmental influences were mainly age-specific. Our results indicate that largely the same genetic factors influence individual differences in work incapacity throughout young, middle and older adulthood, despite major differences in degree of work incapacity and probable underlying medical causes.

Genetic and environmental influences on juvenile antisocial behaviour assessed on two occasions

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1315-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. JACOBSON ◽  
C. A. PRESCOTT ◽  
K. S. KENDLER
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Retrospective Reports ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Mz Twins

Background. There is conflicting evidence concerning the magnitude of genetic and shared environmental influences on juvenile antisocial behaviour (AB). The use of more than one assessment of AB may yield more accurate estimates of these influences.Methods. Retrospective reports of antisocial behaviour prior to age 18 were obtained on two occasions from a population-based sample of 3522 adult males from male–male twin pairs: phone interviews (wave 1) and self-report questionnaires obtained 19 months later (wave 2). Structural equation modelling estimated the genetic and environmental influences on reliably-measured AB. Factors related to participation of co-twin at wave 1, attrition between waves 1 and 2, and reliability of wave 1 and wave 2 assessments were also investigated.Results. Twin analyses revealed that genetic, shared environmental, and non-shared environmental influences accounted for approximately 33% (95% CI = 9–57%), 31% (95% CI = 10–51%) and 36% (95% CI = 29–44%) of the variance of reliably measured AB, respectively. We also found significant occasion-specific genetic influences on wave 1 AB. Wave 1 AB did not predict wave 1 participation of co-twin or attrition, but was related to reliability. Co-twins of MZ twins and younger twins were more likely to participate at wave 1; attrition was predicted by being a DZ twin, lack of initial participation of co-twin, fewer years of education, and fewer children. Being older, being unmarried, and having less psychopathology were associated with greater reliability.Conclusions. When measurement error is taken into account, both genetic and shared environmental factors are significant influences on juvenile AB, accounting for approximately one- third of variation. The origin of the specific genetic influences on wave 1 AB is unclear, but may be due to factors related to measurement.

Mates and Marriage Matter: Genetic and Environmental Influences on Subjective Wellbeing Across Marital Status

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragnhild B. Nes ◽  
Espen Røysamb ◽  
Jennifer R. Harris ◽  
Nikolai Czajkowski ◽  
Kristian Tambs
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Nonshared Environment ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSpecific environments and social relationships may alter the impact of genes. Previous studies have shown marriage to moderate heritability for depressive symptoms in females, suggesting that marriage provides protection or compensation against genetic risks. Similar mechanisms may be relevant for subjective wellbeing (SWB), which is considerably influenced by genes and almost universally associated with marital status. Questionnaire data on SWB from a population-based sample of 1250 monozygotic (MZ) and 981 dizygotic (DZ) male and female twin pairs (n= 4462) were analyzed using structural equation modeling by means of Mx to investigate genetic and environmental influences on SWB across marital status. Resemblance for SWB in MZ twins exceeded that of DZ twins, but the magnitude of this difference varied across marital status. Genetic factors explained 51% and 54% of the variance in SWB among unmarried males and females, and 41% and 39% in married or cohabitating respondents. Remaining variance was attributable to the nonshared environment. The genetic influences were partly different (rg= 0.64) across marital status in females, but overlapping in married and single males. Our findings show that marriage moderates the magnitude of genetic influences on SWB in both males and females, with a smaller estimate of genetic influences for those with a marital or equivalent partner. The genetic influences on SWB are thus clearly contingent on the environmental context.

Adolescent religiousness and its influence on substance use: preliminary findings from the Mid-Atlantic School Age Twin Study

Twin Research ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M D'Onofrio ◽  
Lenn Murrelle ◽  
Lindon J Eaves ◽  
Michael E McCullough ◽  
Jessica L Landis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Problem Behavior ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Spiritual Practices ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
School Age ◽  
Attitudes And Practices

AbstractResearch has consistently shown that religiousness is associated with lower levels of alcohol and drug use, but little is known about the nature of adolescent religiousness or the mechanisms through which it influences problem behavior in this age group. This paper presents preliminary results from the Mid-Atlantic School Age Twin Study, a prospective, population-based study of 6–18-year-old twins and their mothers. Factor analysis of a scale developed to characterize adolescent religiousness, the Religious Attitudes and Practices Inventory (RAPI), revealed three factors: theism, religious/spiritual practices, and peer religiousness. Twin correlations and univariate behavior-genetic models for these factors and a measure of belief that drug use is sinful reveal in 357 twin pairs that common environmental factors significantly influence these traits, but a minor influence of genetic factors could not be discounted. Correlations between the multiple factors of adolescent religiousness and substance use, comorbid problem behavior, mood disorders, and selected risk factors for substance involvement are also presented. Structural equation modeling illustrates that specific religious beliefs about the sinfulness of drugs and level of peer religiousness mediate the relationship between theistic beliefs and religious/spiritual practices on substance use. Limitations and future analyses are discussed.

scholarly journals Genetic and Environmental Influences on Disability Pension Due To Mental Diagnoses: Limited Importance of Major Depression, Generalized Anxiety, and Chronic Fatigue

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurgita Narusyte ◽  
Annina Ropponen ◽  
Kristina Alexanderson ◽  
Pia Svedberg
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Disability Pension ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Genetic Contributions

Background:Previous research indicates that liability to disability pension (DP) due to mental diagnoses is moderately influenced by genetic factors. This study investigates whether genetic contributions to the liability to DP due to mood and neurotic diagnoses overlap with the genetic influences on major depression (MD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), or chronic fatigue (CF).Method:A prospective cohort study including 9,985 female twins born in Sweden 1933–1958. The presence of MD, GAD, and CF was assessed by computer-assisted telephone interviews conducted in 1998–2002. Data on DP due to mood and neurotic diagnoses were obtained from nationwide registers for the years 1998–2010. Common genetic and environmental influences on the phenotypes were estimated by applying structural equation modeling.Results:The prevalence of MD/GAD was 30%, CF 8%, and DP due to mood and neurotic diagnoses 3% in 2010. Genetic effects on MD/GAD explained 31% of the total genetic variation in DP, whereas genetic contributions in common with CF were small and not significant. The majority of the total non-shared environmental variance in DP (85%) was explained by the factors that were unique to DP.Conclusions:Large proportions of genetic and non-shared environmental influences in DP due to mood and neurotic diagnoses were not explained by the contributions from MD/GAD or CF. The results suggest that the process leading to DP is complex and influenced by factors other than those related to the disorder underlying DP.

Efektifitas Sistem Informasi Manajemen Bagi Pengguna Internal (Studi Kasus Pada PT Bank Lampung)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alhibarsyah Alhibarsyah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Information Quality ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Technology System

Abstract To fulfill information needs that are relevant, fast, and accurate, the application of information technology, especially computer-based is inseparable from the role of the three basic components of a computer. The success model of the information technology system developed by DeLone & McLean quickly received a response. PT. Bank Lampung as one of the banking service providers in Lampung, is the object of research to determine how variables affect the level of Quality System, Information Quality, Service Quality, Use and Satisfaction and Use of Benefits, to determine the level of effectiveness in PT Bank Lampung's internal customer management information system. SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) is a multivariate statistical technique that is a combination of factor analysis and regression analysis (correlation), which aims to examine the relationship between variables in the model. To explain the overall relationship that exists between the variables in this study using AMOS software (Moment Structure Analysis). This shows that the sample variance-covariance matrix (observation data) I s the same as the estimated matrix of variance-covariance (population) based on the model built, it is expected that the results of this study KI significantly influence P, KI significantly affects KP, KS influences significant impact on P, significantly affecting KS KP, KL significantly affected P, KL significantly affected KP, P significantly affected KP, P significantly affected M, KP significantly affected M.

Distribution and Heritability of Recurrent Ear Infections

1997 ◽  
Vol 106 (8) ◽  
pp. 624-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari J. Kvaerner ◽  
Jennifer R. Harris ◽  
Kristian Tambs ◽  
Per Magnus
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Genes And Environment ◽  
Ear Infections ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Familial Environment

The distribution of recurrent ear infections was obtained from a population-based sample of 2,750 pairs of Norwegian twins born between 1967 and 1974. The lifetime prevalence of self-reported recurrent ear infections was 8.9%, with a significant predominance of female cases. The mean age of onset was 4.2 years, with a gradual decrease in occurrence from 2 to 7 years of age. Among monozygotic pairs, the rate of tetrachoric correlation between co-twins was almost identical in males (0.73, SE 0.08) and females (0.74, SE 0.06), but among the dizygotic pairs the correlation was clearly higher in males (0.53, SE 0.12) than in females (0.20, SE 0.12). The value in the unlike-sexed dizygotic twins (0.25, SE 0.05) was intermediate to that of the like-sexed male and female dizygotic pairs. The relative contribution of genes and environment to variability in the predisposition to develop otitis media was estimated by means of structural equation modeling. Variation in liability to ear infections was mainly explained by additive genetic and dominance factors in females, for whom heritability was estimated at 74%. The remaining 26% of the variation in liability was explained by individual environmental factors. In males, 45% of the variation could be accounted for by genetic factors, 29% by common familial environment, and the remaining 26% by individual environmental effects.

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