Sin and Freedom

1984 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Trigg
Keyword(s):  
Moral Evil ◽  
Human Freedom ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alternative Possibilities ◽  
Tree Of Knowledge ◽  
European Thought ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
The Relationship

What is the relationship between the concept of sin and that of freedom? There is a powerful tradition in European thought linking the idea of moral evil with human freedom. Only with a broadening of consciousness, with the awareness of alternative possibilities, did man become able to choose between good and evil, and was responsible for that choice. The myth of the Fall, it seems, shows that eating from the tree of knowledge of good and evil gave man the ability to sin, because the awareness of alternatives allowed man to pursue one rather than the other. Without that freedom thus acquired man was innocent and incapable of moral evil.

Divine and Human Agency in Calvin’s Institutes

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-56
Author(s):  
Emily Theus
Keyword(s):  
Human Agency ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Human Freedom ◽  
Christian Religion ◽  
Divine Agency ◽  
Human Responsibility ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter considers the doctrines of providence and sin in the Institutes of Christian Religion in order to draw out Calvin’s views on the interplay of human and divine agency. Calvin’s account of God’s particular providence establishes the basic conditions for human responsibility and characterizes God’s agency as perfectly efficacious—so much so that the relationship between God’s willing and evil/sin cannot adequately be captured through language of ‘permission’. The doctrine of sin further inflects this account, clarifying the relationship between human freedom, necessity, and responsibility for sin. The result is a challenging picture, in which humans are responsible for sin, but not for good, and in which God is causally determinative of both good and evil. The key to this account—to understanding its perplexities and to identifying what features of meaningful human action are at stake—is the nesting of intentions within a layering of human and divine agency.

scholarly journals Karol Wojtyła’s Philosophy on the Issue of Modernity

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-185
Author(s):  
Alfred Marek Wierzbicki
Keyword(s):  
Basic Property ◽  
Human Freedom ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethical Dimension ◽  
Turn On ◽  
John Paul Ii ◽  
Modern Thought ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

Karol Wojtyła’s anthropology is characterised by a synthesis of objectivity and subjectivity, and his combination of aletheic and agapic notions. By accepting the modern anthropological turn, on the one hand, he attempted in his works a synthesis of the classic philosophy of being with the philosophy of awareness, and, on the other, he strived to correct the extreme anthropocentrism of modern thought. The author of the article analysed the relationship between Wojtyła’s concept of awareness and subjectivity with the personalistic style of John Paul II’s ministry of “man as the basic path of the Church.” The other pillar of the analysis is the question about the meaning of human freedom. In Wojtyła’s thought and in the teachings of John Paul II, any discussion of freedom as the basic property of a personal being was combined with a reflection on its ethical dimension.

scholarly journals Myślenie według wartości. O „drugim” w filozofii Józefa Tischnera

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 183-214
Author(s):  
Bożena Dawidowicz
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
Human Freedom ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fundamental Issue ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Main Thread

Man and specifically human experiences define the space of Józef Tischner’s philosophy. The main thread of thinking about man is “the experience of the other” through which is born the “I”, the subject of Tischner’s philosophy of drama, in which fundamental issue is the meeting. Contemporary man, usually locked in his narrative of monadic life, is wary of the other. However, personal growth does not happen alone, but with the other. Man is not enough for himself, he needs confirmation and recognition of the other. From the meeting with the other begins a drama which cannot be predicted. Through the drama that happens between “I” and you, the participants are open to the world of values and the agathological and axiological horizon of existence is before them. From the other, as Tischner notes, a call is coming to save him. By axiological thinking, one should try to solve the problem of the tragedy of the situation in which the other was found. This is thinking about the other according to value. The primacy of good over evil is revealed in the recognition of human freedom which is the essence of the relationship with the other.

scholarly journals Against metaphysical retributivism

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Andrei V. Seregin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Moral Evil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moral Good ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Good And Evil

The paper offers an argument against metaphysical retributivism, i.e. the belief that the ex­istence of physical evil (suffering) can be causally explained and normatively justified by being interpreted as a just punishment for the moral evil committed by those who suffer. First, the author introduces a disjunctive distinction between the humanistic and the non-humanistic normative theories of moral good and evil. Then, he justifies his anti-retribu­tivist thesis with regard to both of these alternatives. The humanistic theories, according to which an activity can only be morally evil due to the fact that it inflicts physical evil on other agents, logically imply that physical evil is a precondition of moral evil and, there­fore, cannot just be one of its consequences. This is demonstrated with respect both to the linear (e.g. “abrahamic”) metaphysical scenarios and the circular ones (e.g. ancient or eso­teric). Besides, according to these theories, the infliction of very intensive physical evil presupposed by metaphysical retributivism cannot be morally justified even if it is for­mally just. On the other hand, the non-humanistic normative theories logically imply that the very content of the notion of moral evil is in no way related to the notion of physical evil. However, in that case moral and physical evil are essentially heterogeneous and in­commensurable. Therefore, one cannot establish a proportional correlation between them which is a necessary prerequisite for a just and morally justified retribution.

The Relationship Between Suicidal Thinking and Dating Violence in a Sample of Adolescent Abortion Patients

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen E. Ely ◽  
William R. Nugent ◽  
Julie Cerel ◽  
Mholi Vimbba
Keyword(s):  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Adolescent Dating Violence ◽  
Adolescent Relationships ◽  
Suicidal Thinking ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The relationship between suicidal thinking and adolescent dating violence has not been previously explored in a sample of adolescent abortion patients. Aims: This paper highlights a study where the relationship between dating violence and severity of suicidal thinking was examined in a sample of 120 young women ages 14–21 seeking to terminate an unintended pregnancy. Methods: The Multidimensional Adolescent Assessment Scale and the Conflict in Adolescent Relationships Scale was used to gather information about psychosocial problems and dating violence so that the relationship between the two problems could be examined, while controlling for the other psychosocial problems. Results: The results suggest that dating violence was related to severity of suicidal thinking, and that the magnitude of this relationship was moderated by the severity of problems with aggression. Conclusions: Specifically, as the severity of participant’s general problems with aggression increased, the magnitude of the relationship between dating violence and severity of suicidal thinking increased. Limitations of the study and implications for practice are discussed.

Emotional Impact Feedback Changes How We Remember Negative Autobiographical Experiences

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie K. T. Takarangi ◽  
Deryn Strange
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Negative Memory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Memories ◽  
Over Time

When people are told that their negative memories are worse than other people’s, do they later remember those events differently? We asked participants to recall a recent negative memory then, 24 h later, we gave some participants feedback about the emotional impact of their event – stating it was more or less negative compared to other people’s experiences. One week later, participants recalled the event again. We predicted that if feedback affected how participants remembered their negative experiences, their ratings of the memory’s characteristics should change over time. That is, when participants are told that their negative event is extremely negative, their memories should be more vivid, recollected strongly, and remembered from a personal perspective, compared to participants in the other conditions. Our results provide support for this hypothesis. We suggest that external feedback might be a potential mechanism in the relationship between negative memories and psychological well-being.

Haematocrit: Relationships with Blood Lipids, Blood Pressure and other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (01) ◽  
pp. 058-064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goya Wannamethee ◽  
A Gerald Shaper
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe relationship between haematocrit and cardiovascular risk factors, particularly blood pressure and blood lipids, has been examined in detail in a large prospective study of 7735 middle-aged men drawn from general practices in 24 British towns. The analyses are restricted to the 5494 men free of any evidence of ischaemic heart disease at screening.Smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake and lung function (FEV1) were factors strongly associated with haematocrit levels independent of each other. Age showed a significant but small independent association with haematocrit. Non-manual workers had slightly higher haematocrit levels than manual workers; this difference increased considerably and became significant after adjustment for the other risk factors. Diabetics showed significantly lower levels of haematocrit than non-diabetics. In the univariate analysis, haematocrit was significantly associated with total serum protein (r = 0*18), cholesterol (r = 0.16), triglyceride (r = 0.15), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.17) and heart rate (r = 0.14); all at p <0.0001. A weaker but significant association was seen with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.09, p <0.001). These relationships remained significant even after adjustment for age, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake, lung function, presence of diabetes, social class and for each of the other biological variables; the relationship with systolic blood pressure was considerably weakened. No association was seen with blood glucose and HDL-cholesterol. This study has shown significant associations between several lifestyle characteristics and the haematocrit and supports the findings of a significant relationship between the haematocrit and blood lipids and blood pressure. It emphasises the role of the haematocrit in assessing the risk of ischaemic heart disease and stroke in individuals, and the need to take haematocrit levels into account in determining the importance of other cardiovascular risk factors.

Structuralism as a Pamphlet (On the Book by E. Reinert “How Rich CountriesGot Rich... And Why Poor Countries Stay Poor”. 2nd ed.)

2014 ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
P. Orekhovsky
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Increasing Returns ◽  
The Other ◽  
Static Theory ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Historical School ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Relationship

The review outlines the connection between E. Reinert’s book and the tradition of structural analysis. The latter allows for the heterogeneity of industries and sectors of the economy, as well as for the effects of increasing and decreasing returns. Unlike the static theory of international trade inherited from the Ricardian analysis of comparative advantage, this approach helps identify the relationship between trade, production, income and population growth. Reinert rehabilitates the “other canon” of economic theory associated with the mercantilist tradition, F. Liszt and the German historical school, as well as a reconside ration of A. Marshall’s analysis of increasing returns. Empirical illustrations given in the book reveal clear parallels with the path of Russian socio-economic development in the last twenty years.

Dış Göç Romanlarında Temel İzlekler

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-317
Author(s):  
Burak Çavuş
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Guest Worker ◽  
Migration Literature ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
The Relationship

Bu çalışmada, 1960-1990 yılları arasında yayınlanan ve Avrupa’ya işçi göçünü konu edinen romanlar izleksel bağlamda incelenmiştir. Romanlardaki temel izlekler çerçevesinde göç süreci irdelenmiş, inceleme, göçmenlerin tanımlanmasında ve adlandırılmasında kullanılan Gastarbeiter (konuk işçi) Auslander (yabancı) kavramları ve Almanlar tarafından Türk kimliğine atfedilen çağrışımlar üzerinden yürütülmüştür. Göçmenlere yönelik politikalarda ve yaklaşımlarda onların nasıl tanımlandığının etkili olduğuna ve yazınsal süreçte de bu politika ve yaklaşımların belirleyici olduğu savından hareket edilmiştir. Bu noktada adlandırmaların, tanımlamaların göç olayı çerçevesinde biz ve öteki ilişkisi üzerindeki etkisine odaklanılmış; toplum ve yazın ilişkisi temelinde incelenen romanlar üzerinden göç ve göçmenlik meselesine dair çıkarımlar yapılmıştır. Bunlar arasında, ayrımcılık, kötü çalışma koşulları, hak ihlalleri, ırkçılık ve ötekileştirme gibi başat sorunların bu eserlerde merkezi konumda olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Böylece çalışmanın amacı olan göç yazınını oluşturan temel izleklere ulaşılmış; sosyolojik ve tarihsel gerçekliğin yazınsal gerçekliğe aktarılmasında etkili olan unsurlar ön plana çıkarılmıştır. ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH Main Patterns in Migration Novels In this study, the novels published between 1960-1990 and dealing with the migration of workers to Europe were examined in a contextual context. The process of immigration has been examined within the framework of the basic lines in the novels, through the concepts of Gastarbeiter (guest worker), Auslander (foreigner) used in the identification and naming of immigrants and connotations attributed to Turkish identity was conducted. The argument is that how they are defined is effective in policies and approaches towards immigrants and that these policies and approaches are determinative in the literary process. At this point, the effect of naming definitions on us and the other relationship within the framework of migration has been focused; there are inferences about the issue of migration and immigration through the novels examined on the basis of the relationship between society and literature. Among these, it has been determined that dominant problems such as discrimination, poor working violations, racism and marginalization are central to these works. Thus, the basic themes that constitute the migration literature, which is the aim of the study have been reached and the factors that are effective in transferring the sociological and historical reality have been brought the fore.

“I’ve got you under my skin”: borderline states in couple relationships

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Perrine Moran
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Couple Relationships ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Popular Songs ◽  
The Relationship

Many couples who come for therapy are struggling with separating from unconscious phantasies and beliefs that enmesh each partner with the other, resulting in states that popular songs powerfully epitomise. While this borderline experience is common and functional in the early stages of being in love its persistence paralyses the development of the relationship. Facing separation from and loss of illusion is a challenge couple therapists are often asked to help with. The argument is illustrated by a case, and by references to some of Cole Porter’s best known songs.

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