Solusi Problematika Dikotomi Ilmu di Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam

This study seeks to explore the problem of the dichotomy of science and its solution in Islamic Higher Education. which is analyzed in the perspective of education policy regarding higher education regulations by using the content analysis method in the study of library research. The issue of the dichotomy of science is actually a classic issue of the dark legacy of the past colonialism which Indonesia's founding fathers have been fighting for a long time. This real effort is proven by the issuance of a joint decree initiated by the Minister of Religion, KH. Wahid Hasyim and the Minister of Education of the Republic of Indonesia regarding the implementation of religious teaching in state educational institutions which are stipulated through the Regulation of the Minister of Religion No. 3 August 11, 1950. In the study of Islamic education, there is a classification (taqsîm) of knowledge, the first is al-'ulum al-diniyyah (religious sciences) which is called religious science and the second is general science or general sciences. In essence, Islam has never recognized the dichotomy of science (tafriqh), Islam only recognizes classification (taqsîm) based on the sequence and stages of learning, starting from fardlu 'ain and fardlu kifayah. The scholars and figures have formulated solutions starting from the regulatory aspect as stated in the joint regulation of the Minister of Religion and the Minister of Education, several other strengthening regulations through the 2003 National Education System formulation and the Higher Education Regulation, or in the form of ideas and ideas such as the tree of knowledge scheme, integration, integration. -interconnection and Naquib Al-Attas' ideal idea of ​​Islamization.

Nietzsche's Pelagianism: Dionysus versus the Crucified

When Nietzsche writes in Ecce Homo: “Theologically speaking - listen closely, for I rarely speak as a theologian - it was God himself who at the end of his days work lay down as a serpent under the tree of knowledge: thus he recuperated from being God. - He had made everything too beautiful. - The devil is merely the leisure of God on that seventh day.” (Ecce Homo, “Beyond Good and Evil,” §2) He is insinuating an alliance with an uncited source - Pelagianus Hereticus who believed there was no ‘original sin’ but that the will power of human beings could bring humanity to salvation. A method that bears stark affinities with Nietzsche’s writings on will to power in the sense that human will power wills a transcendence to what is, rather than the metaphysics of a transcendent God providing grace to those in need of salvation from above. This marks an interesting detour in church orthodoxy, a path not taken and one has to wonder that given Nietzsche’s reputation as a well read historian of ideas and theology whether he was writing a sort of theological exegesis through ressentiment. A history of ideas for the future through the eyes of those who lost as a kind of error, a kind of pathos. In this paper, I try to explore this treatment of Nietzsche’s work to bring a new interpretation onto his work, one that is hidden in plain sight in lieu of his work on pushing ethics beyond good and evil, his views on phantasmagoria, and the penultimate writings at the end of his productive years where he describes his writings as “Dionysus versus the Crucified.”

Autopoesis in on line learning

Conception of autopoesis has an important place among conceptions of self-organization. Biologists Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela consider living beings as self-referring and self-constructing autonomous systems, namely, as autopoietic systems. They proclaimed: “All doing is knowing. All knowing is doing” in their famous book “The Tree of Knowledge”. It concerned all living beings, including human beings with the biological roots of their cognition. Author of the article choose this conception of self-organization as working model of on line teaching and learning just because the lack of such biologist roots in on-line communication. Unconsciousness but influenced features of live communication by humans with their “embodied mind” just loose in communication on line. Analyzing own experience of off line and on line teaching in frame of autopoetic approach, author tries to seek the means to overcome the restrictions of on line teaching and learning. The idea by Maturana and Varela about continually recurrent interactions between participants of doing and knowing which provide their creation of common world in common linguistic field became the main point of conclusion. Active communications between lector and students and between students in workshops can partly compensate an absence of live communication. It means that standard obvious relation between quantity of lectures and workshops have to be changed with free choice by lector among new special forms of on line learning. Original work of students for solving the tasks are preferable, especially if the tasks are connected with scientific or technologic researches. In any case supporting the discussions and debates, teachers can stimulate those recurrent interactions which guarantee the autopoesis as self-construction of common world in which self-organization of young persons is possible in their becoming the young specialists. The concept of autopoesis is able to maximize the success of communication between teachers and students and students to each other to provide feedback in the joint actions of cognition, creating the effect of sustainable self-organization in learning.

Linguo-Paradigmatic Aspects of the Concept “Tree”

In ancient Georgia, tree was designated as a beam, which is a common Kartvelian linguistic symbol. Tree is often used as a part, forming the complex basis and acquires another metaphorical meaning. Symbolic meaning of three is also very interesting which is met in Christian, as well as pagan world. A trace of worshiping a tree is met in oral telling, fairy tales and native poems and songs, as well as toponyms and the monuments of the objective culture. There are a lot of symbols of tree. Each type expresses different aspects of the sacral tree symbolism. A cult of a tree has a certain place in historical development of the Christian religion. In the Christian perception, an eternity of life is related to a tree. It is a metaphor creating the world. In the ecclesiastic poetry, “A tree of knowledge” and “A life tree”, both consider the Christ. Symbolism of a beam is also interesting. It is connected to the torment of the Savior as well. It is called as “a beam of life”, which underlies the vivifying power of a cross, which spread the blessing grace on the world. Symbolism of the tree yield is also distinguished. It is represented in various ways in the Bible and the Spiritual poetry.

New Field, Old Practices: Promises and Challenges of Public History

Although public history is becoming increasingly international, the field remains difficult to define and subject to some criticism. Based on sometimes long-established public practices, public history displays new approaches to audiences, collaboration and authority in history production. This article provides an overview of public history, its various definitions and historiography, and discusses some of the main criticisms of the field. Public history is compared to a tree of knowledge whose parts (roots, trunk, branches and leaves) represent the many collaborative and interconnected stages in the field. Defining public history as a systemic process (tree) demonstrates the need for collaboration between the different actors – may they be trained historians or not – and aim to focus on the role they play in the overall process. The future of international public history will involve balancing practice-based approaches with more theoretical discussions on the role of trained historians, audiences and different uses of the past.

Metáfora "árvore do conhecimento" na pesquisa saúde infantil/ambiente na Amazônia

Descrever a aplicabilidade da dinâmica de criatividade e sensibilidade ‘árvore do conhecimento’ do método criativo sensível com enfermeiros que atendem crianças na atenção primária em região da Amazônia durante as queimadas. A metáfora da árvore materializada na produção artística com as questões geradoras de debate, possibilitou um ambiente acolhedor, descontraído, com coletivização das experiências, determinando material empírico vertical, profundo e coerente. O espaço foi catalizador de reflexões críticas sobre o papel social e profissional do enfermeiro, preocupado com a sustentabilidade frente às particularidades ambientais, o grupo infantil e sua família. A dinâmica se manifesta como estratégia alternativa de se construir uma epistemologia na enfermagem com olhar sensível para a interface saúde e ambiente. Trata-se de uma mudança paradigmática desafiadora para a ciência, ao respeitar o sujeito na sua singularidade e repensar um novo lugar para os atores sociais, não mais passivo, mas ativo e interativo na produção do conhecimento.Descritores: Criatividade, Conhecimento, Enfermeiros, Ambiente. Metaphor “tree of knowledge” in child health/environment research in the AmazonAbstract: Describe the applicability of the creativity and sensitivity dynamics tree of knowledge of the sensitive creative method with nurses who care for children in primary care in the Amazon region during fires. The metaphor of the tree materialized in artistic production with the questions that generate debate, enabled a welcoming, relaxed environment, with collectivization of experiences, determining empirical vertical, deep and coherent material. Space was a catalyst for critical reflections on the social and professional role of nurses, concerned with sustainability in the face of environmental particularities, the child group, and their family. The dynamics manifest themselves as an alternative strategy to build an epistemology in nursing with a sensitive look at the interface between health and the environment. It is a challenging paradigmatic change for science, by respecting the subject in its uniqueness and rethinking a new place for social actors, no longer passive, but active and interactive in the production of knowledge.Descriptors: Creativity, Knowledge, Nurses, Environment. Metáfora “árbol del conocimiento” en la investigación de salud infantil/medio ambiente en la AmazoníaResumen: Describa la aplicabilidad de la dinámica de la creatividad y la sensibilidad del “árbol del conocimiento" del método creativo sensible con enfermeras que asisten a niños en atención primaria en la región amazónica durante los incendios. La metáfora del árbol materializada en la producción artística con las preguntas que generan debate, permitió un ambiente acogedor, relajado, con colectivización de experiencias, determinando material empírico vertical, profundo y coherente. El espacio fue un catalizador para reflexiones críticas sobre el papel social y profesional del enfermero, preocupado por la sostenibilidad frente a las particularidades ambientales, el grupo infantil y su familia. La dinámica se manifiesta como una estrategia alternativa para construir una epistemología en enfermería con una mirada sensible a la interfaz entre la salud y el medio ambiente. Es un cambio paradigmático desafiante para la ciencia, al respetar el tema en su singularidad y repensar un nuevo lugar para los actores sociales, ya no pasivos, sino activos e interactivos en la producción de conocimiento.Descriptores: Creatividad, Conocimiento, Enfermeros, Ambiente.

HE FALL FROM THE EDENIC STATE OR THE EPOS OF AN UNFILLED LONGING

We learn from the texts of the Holy Scriptures and contemplations of the Holy Fathers that man was created in the image and likeness of God adorned with virtues. Resting in the Garden of Eden, the man's mind was set on contemplation of God, abounding in divine images. Dominated by the spirit, man was living in a particular state of joy and happiness. God shared him from His state of goodness, endowing him with all the spiritual and material sweetness. Man's fall into sin was a consequence of eating from the tree of knowledge of good and evil, tempted by the cunning devil disguised in primordial snake. The expel of Adam from heaven identifies with the process of humanity restoration the heavenly Father started at the gates of the biblical garden, promising to the first inhabitants of the earth to help them find the way back to their lost home, by sending in this world the Redeemer.

Pohon Keramat dan Pohon Pengetahuan: Studi Etno-Teologi tentang Atoni Pah Meto dan Kejadian 2:16-17

The story of environmental preservation begins with the community's perspective on nature and the environment. Each group of people always has a different perspective on nature, the environment and their relations. This paper showed the two community groups in their efforts to preserve the environment. The Atoni Pah Meto community preserve nature and its environment by respecting its traditional wisdom in cutting down the trees. There are sacred trees that supposed not to cut down. Likewise with the story in Genesis 2: 16-17, God forbade humans consumming the fruit of the tree of knowledge. These two stories were then examined using qualitative methods. The results of the study were analyzed ethnographically and theologically. This approach is referred to as ethnotheological studies. Through this study, it could be concluded that local wisdom can help the understanding to the biblical text in order to find theological basis for nature preservation efforts.Abstrak. Cerita tentang pelestarian lingkungan hidup berawal dari cara pandang masyarakat tentang alam dan lingkungan hidupnya. Setiap kelompok masyarakat selalu memiliki cara pandang yang berbeda tentang alam, lingkungan dan relasi keduanya. Tulisan dalam artikel ini melihat dua kelompok masyarakat dalam upaya melestarikan lingkungan hidup. Komunitas masyarakat Atoni Pah Meto melestarikan alam dan lingkungan hidupnya dengan menghargai kearifan tradisionalnya dalam menebang pohon. Ada pohon itu dimaknai sebagai pohon keramat, yang tidak boleh ditebang. Begitu juga dengan cerita dalam Kejadian 2:16-17, Allah memerintahkan kepada manusia agar tidak memakan buah dari pohon pengetahuan. Kedua kisah ini kemudian diteliti dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian tersebut dianalisis secara etnografis dan teologis. Pendekatan ini disebut sebagai studi etnotheologis. Melalui kajian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa kearifan lokal dapat membantu pemaknanaan terhadap teks Alkitab dalam rangka menemukan dasar teologis bagi upaya pelestarian alam.