Some Effects of Buthidazole on Corn (Zea mays) Photosynthesis, Respiration, Anthocyanin Formation, and Leaf Ultrastructure

The effect of the herbicide buthidazole {3-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-imidazolidinone} on photosynthesis, respiration, anthocyanin formation and leaf ultrastructure of corn (Zea mays L. ‘Pioneer 3780’) was studied following pre- or postemergence applications. Total photosynthesis and dark respiration were measured with an infrared CO2 analyzer in an open air flow system 12, 18, and 24 days after preemergence treatment with 0, 0.56, 1.12, and 2.24 kg/ha of buthidazole. The 0.56 and 1.12 kg/ha preemergence treatments had no effect on total corn photosynthesis even 24 days after treatment, whereas buthidazole at 2.24 kg/ha inhibited photosynthesis as early as 12 days. Total photosynthesis and dark respiration were also measured in whole plants, 30 cm tall, before herbicide application and 4, 24, 48, and 96 h after postemergence treatment with buthidazole at 0, 0.28, 0.56, 0.84, and 1.12 kg/ha. Following postemergence treatment, buthidazole inhibited total corn photosynthesis at any rate examined as early as 4 h after treatment. Neither pre- or postemergence buthidazole applications influenced respiration with the exception of a transitory increase caused by 0.56 kg/ha 12 days after preemergence treatment and by 0.84 and 1.12 kg/ha 4 h after postemergence treatment. Transmission electron micrographs revealed that buthidazole applied postemergence at 0.28 and 1.12 kg/ha reduced or prevented the accumulation of starch in bundle sheath chloroplasts as early as 24 h after treatment. Ultrastructural disruptions in some mesophyll chloroplasts of treated corn plants were also evident. Preemergence application of buthidazole at rates of 0.28, 0.42, 0.56, and 1.12 kg/ha inhibited anthocyanin formation indicating an alteration in corn metabolism.

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CONTROLE QUÍMICO DE MILHO RESISTENTE AO GLYPHOSATE PROVENIENTE DE DIFERENTES HÍBRIDOS

Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo ◽

10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v17n3p535-547 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 535

Author(s):

LUCAS BRAGA PEREIRA BRAZ ◽

GUILHERME BRAGA PEREIRA BRAZ ◽

SERGIO DE OLIVEIRA PROCÓPIO ◽

ALESSANDRO GUERRA DA SILVA ◽

ANTONIO JOAQUIM BRAGA PEREIRA BRAZ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Chemical Control ◽

Block Design ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Corn Hybrids ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Chemical Management ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Main Plot ◽

Corn Plants

RESUMO – As plantas voluntárias de milho podem causar perdas quando em convivência com outras culturas, tornando-se necessário proceder seu controle. Neste sentido, diferentes estratégias podem ser utilizadas, destacando-se o manejo químico. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a suscetibilidade de híbridos de milho RR® ao controle químico com aplicação de herbicidas em pós-emergência. O experimento foi conduzido em campo, utilizando-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Na parcela principal foram avaliados oito tratamentos compostos pela aplicação de clethodim + glyphosate, quizalofop-p-ethyl + glyphosate, clodinafop + glyphosate, imazethapyr + glyphosate, [imazamox + bentazon] + glyphosate, cloransulan + glyphosate, glyphosate e testemunha sem aplicação. Nas subparcelas foram semeados nove híbridos de milho RR®. Tratamentos contendo [imazamox + bentazon] ou cloransulan não foram eficientes no controle de plantas de milho RR® em estádio V6. O imazethapyr associado ao glyphosate foi eficiente no controle de plantas de milho dos híbridos DKB390, SYN7025 e CD384, os quais mostram maior suscetibilidade a esse herbicida em comparação aos demais híbridos. Plantas provenientes de todos os híbridos avaliados, no estádio V6, podem ser totalmente controladas com a aplicação dos herbicidas quizalofop-p-ethyl, clodinafop e clethodim, contudo, clethodim apresentou ação mais lenta.Palavras-chave: herbicidas, plantas voluntárias, pós-emergência, Zea mays. CHEMICAL CONTROL IN DIFFERENT GLYPHOSATE RESISTANT MAIZE HYBRIDS ABSTRACT – Volunteer corn plants can cause high losses when in coexistence with other crops, making necessary its control. In this sense, different strategies can be used, emphasizing the chemical management. The objective of this work was to evaluate the susceptibility of RR® corn hybrids to chemical control with post-emergence herbicides. The experiment was carried out at field, using a randomized complete block design in a split plots scheme, with four replications. In the main plot, eight treatments were evaluated using clethodim + glyphosate, quizalofop-p-ethyl + glyphosate, clodinafop + glyphosate, imazethapyr + glyphosate, [imazamox + bentazon] + glyphosate, cloransulan + glyphosate, glyphosate, and a control without herbicide application. In the subplots, nine RR® corn hybrids were sown. Treatments with [imazamox + bentazon] and cloransulan were not efficient in the control of RR® corn plants at V6 stage. The imazethapyr treatment associated to glyphosate was efficient in controlling the corn hybrids DKB390, SYN7025, and CD384, which showed greater susceptibility to this herbicide compared to the other hybrids evaluated. Plants of all evaluated hybrids can be controlled at V6 with the application of quizalofop-p-ethyl, clodinafop, and clethodim, however, clethodim presented slower action.Keywords: herbicides, volunteer plants, post-emergence, Zea mays.

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Evaluation of a Rapid Method to Detect Terbufos Residue Levels in Corn (Zea mays) Seedlings

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00040896 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 842-846

Author(s):

Antonio Castro-Escobar ◽

James J. Kells ◽

Donald Penner

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Efficient Method ◽

Rapid Detection ◽

Field Studies ◽

Corn Rootworm ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Control Field ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Residue Levels ◽

Corn Plants

Postemergence applications of nicosulfuron and primisulfuron may injure corn plants depending on the level of terbufos present in the young corn plants from application of terbufos for corn rootworm control. Field studies were conducted in 1992 and 1993 to evaluate the interaction of nicosulfuron and primisulfuron with terbufos and to relate terbufos levels, detected with a rapid detection kit, to injury. Terbufos was applied in-furrow at 0, 186, 375, and 750 g ai/100 m of row. Nicosulfuron was applied at 35 and 70 g ai/ha and primisulfuron at 40 and 80 g ai/ha when the corn was at the four-leaf stage. Prior to herbicide application, both fresh and frozen plant samples from each treatment were subjected to terbufos analysis. The correlation coefficient for terbufos detected in the shoot extract with observed herbicide injury to corn was r = 0.89 in 1992 and r = 0.94 in 1993. Injury ratings showed a greater correlation with terbufos levels than did corn shoot height. Thus, the rapid detection kit provided an efficient method to determine whether an injurious terbufos-herbicide interaction might occur.

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Ultrastructure of Plant Leaf Tissue Infected with Mite-Borne Viral-Like Pathogens

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100067881 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 178-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

O. E. Bradfute ◽

R. E. Whitmoyer ◽

L. R. Nault

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Zea Mays ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Microscope Study ◽

Electron Microscope Study ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Leaf Ultrastructure ◽

Double Membrane ◽

Aceria Tulipae

A pathogen transmitted by the eriophyid mite, Aceria tulipae, infects a number of Gramineae producing symptoms similar to wheat spot mosaic virus (1). An electron microscope study of leaf ultrastructure from systemically infected Zea mays, Hordeum vulgare, and Triticum aestivum showed the presence of ovoid, double membrane bodies (0.1 - 0.2 microns) in the cytoplasm of parenchyma, phloem and epidermis cells (Fig. 1 ).

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Detection of corn stunt spiroplasma in vivo by ELISA using antisera to extracts from infected corn plants (Zea mays)

Plant Pathology ◽

10.1111/j.1365-3059.1982.tb01281.x ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 289-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S.J. EDEN-GREEN

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Corn Stunt ◽

Corn Stunt Spiroplasma ◽

Corn Plants

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Nitric Oxide as an Attenuator of Ecophysiological Changes in Corn (Zea mays L.) Plants Submitted to Copper Toxicity

Journal of Agricultural Studies ◽

10.5296/jas.v8i4.18157 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 735

Author(s):

Ana Ecidia de Araújo Brito ◽

Jessica Suellen Silva Teixeira ◽

Diana Jhulia Palheta de Sousa ◽

Evelyn Fátima Lima de Souza ◽

Gabriel Ito dos Santos Teixeira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Zea Mays ◽

Sodium Nitroprusside ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Copper Toxicity ◽

Maximum Activity ◽

Nitric Oxide Donor ◽

Water Control ◽

Ps Ii ◽

Corn Plants

The aim of this work was to evaluate the attenuating effect of the nitric oxide donor (sodium nitroprusside-NPS) on the ecophysiological responses of corn plants (Zea mays L.) submitted to copper toxicity. The corn seeds of the K9606 VIP3 variety were soaked for 48 hours in Germitest with solution containing treatment with sodium nitroprusside Na2 [Fe (CN) 5 NO] 2H2O (0, 200 and 300µM), sodium ferrocyanide Na4Fe (CN) 6 ( 300, 100 and 0 µM) respectively and deionized water (control), sown in buckets with 15 kg of soil incubated for 50 days containing copper concentrations CuSO4.5H2O (0, 60 and 200 mg kg-1). The design consisted of randomized blocks with 12 treatments and 4 repetitions, making a total of 48 plants. in ecophysiological variables: height, leaf area and number of leaves, stem diameter increased by 32, 66% and 11.29% in the treatments with 60 mg kg-1 of copper and 200 mg kg-1 of copper, respectively. There was no effect of treatments on the chlorophyll content measured by the SPAD index and gas exchange. The chlorophyll a fluorescence variables indicate that the concentration of 200 mg kg-1 of copper caused damage to the structure of the PS II reaction center complexes and indicate a slightly protective effect of nitric oxide-NO present in sodium nitroprusside and cyanide present in sodium ferrocyanide, reflecting a smooth functioning of the maximum activity of photosystem II and the electron transport chain.

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SKRINNING FITOKIMIA, UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN TABIR SURYA PADA TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.)

PHARMACON ◽

10.35799/pha.9.2020.29271 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 194

Author(s):

David Albert Pangemanan ◽

Edi Suryanto ◽

Paulina V. Y. Yamlean

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Zea Mays ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Flavonoid Compounds ◽

A Value ◽

Maximum Protection ◽

Area North ◽

Corn Plants ◽

Corn Kernels

ABSTRACT Corn (Zea Mays L.) is widely developed in Indonesia. Corn kernels showed total phenolic and antioxidant activity. Antioxidants have the potential as photoprotectors, therefore, plants containing phenolic compounds can be used in the prevention of free radicals. For this reason, researcher is interested in further researching the phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity and sunscreen testing from extracts of stems, leaves, hair and leaf wrapping from corn (Zea mays L.). The samples used were corn plants (corn silk, corn leaves, corn stalks and leaf wrapping corn) originating from Kauditan area, North Minahasa. The results of the study showed that the leaf contained saponin and flavonoid compounds, the stem contained alkaloid and saponin compounds, the hair contained alkaloid and flavonoid compounds, and the leaf wrapping only contained alkaloid compounds. The highest to lowest total phenolic content values starting from the stem were 46.93 μg / mL, the leaf wrapping 37.76 μg / mL, the leaf 26.63 μg / mL and hair 14.49 μg / mL. The leaf has the highest antioxidant activity with a value of 72.81% followed by 62.87% stem then wrapping leaf 43.13% and finally hair 29.14%. The SPF value of the stem was included in the ultra protection with a value of 16.117 followed by the leaves included in the maximum protection with an SPF value of 10.902. While the hair with SPF value of 0.6 and wrapping leaf with SPF value of 0.222 are included in the minimum protection. Keywords: Corn (Zea Mays L.), Sunscreen, Antioxidants, Phenol ABSTRAK Jagung (Zea Mays L.) banyak dikembangkan di Indonesia. Biji jagung menunjukkan kadar total fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan. Antioksidan memiliki potensi sebagai fotoprotektor, oleh karena itu, tanaman yang mengandung senyawa fenolik dapat digunakan dalam pencegahan radikal bebas. Untuk itu peneliti tertarik untuk meneliti lebih lanjut tentang skrining fitokimia, uji aktivitas antioksidan dan tabir surya dari ekstrak batang, daun, rambut, dan daun pembungkus dari jagung (Zea mays L.). Sampel yang digunakan ialah tanaman jagung (rambut jagung, daun jagung, batang jagung dan daun pembungkus jagung) yang berasal dari daerah Kauditan, Minahasa Utara. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan daun mengandung senyawa saponin dan flavonoid, batang mengandung senyawa alkaloid dan saponin, rambut mengandung senyawa alkaloid dan flavonoid, dan daun pembungkus hanya mengandung senyawa alkaloid. Nilai kandungan total fenolik yang paling tinggi sampai paling rendah dimulai dari batang sebesar 46.93 μg/mL, daun pembungkus 37.76 μg/mL, daun 26.63 μg/mL dan rambut 14.49 μg/mL. Daun memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang paling tinggi dengan nilai 72.81% diikuti oleh batang 62.87% kemudian daun pembungkus 43.13% dan yang terakhir adalah rambut 29.14%. Nilai SPF batang termasuk dalam proteksi ultra dengan nilai 16,117 diikuti oleh daun yang termasuk dalam proteksi maksimal dengan nilai SPF 10,902. Sedangkan rambut dengan nilai SPF 0,6 dan daun pembungkus dengan nilai SPF 0,222 termasuk dalam proteksi minimal. Kata Kunci : Jagung (Zea Mays L.), Tabir Surya, Antioksidan, Fenol

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Biologi Stenocranus pacificus Kirkaldy (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) pada tanaman jagung (Zea mays L.) di rumah kasa

Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia ◽

10.5994/jei.17.2.104 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 104

Author(s):

Dosma Ulina Simbolon ◽

Maryani Cyccu Tobing ◽

Darma Bakti

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Sex Ratio ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Instar Nymph ◽

Fourth Instar ◽

The Third ◽

First Instar ◽

Corn Plants ◽

North Sumatra

Stenocranus pacificus Kirkaldy (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is destructive pest on corn plants in South Lampung and it has been reported to cause corn damages in North Sumatra. The objective of this research was to study some aspects biology of S. pacificus on corn plants in screenhouse. The research was conducted by observing the biology of S. pacificus that was reared on corn plants in screenhouse. The results showed that life cycle of S. pacificus was 38–47 (41,60 ± 3,19) days: egg was 9–11 (10,20 ± 0,79) days, the first instar nymph was 3–4 (3,70 ± 0,48) days, the second instar nymph was 3–4 (3,90 ± 0,32) days, the third instar nymph was 3–4 (3,70 ± 0,48) days, the fourth instar nymph was 3–4 (3,80 ± 0,42) days, and the fifth instar nymph was 3–4 (3,60 ± 0,52) days. Age of female was 13–17 (15,30 ± 1,34) days. It was longer than age of male which was 8–12 (10,10 ± 1,20) days. Female could produce 181–214 (197,60 ± 11,64) eggs during its life. The sex ratio was 1:1,98.

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