Influence of Soybean (Glycine max)Planting Date on Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)Competition

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Photoperiodic Response ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
Early Maturing

A 2-yr study was conducted to determine the influence of early and late soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] planting dates on the competitiveness of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic). Velvetleaf was planted at densities of one plant per 61 and 30 cm of row, and competition ranged from 4 weeks to full season. Soybean planting dates were mid-May and late-June. Velvetleaf emerging with soybeans in mid-May were twice as competitive as those emerging with soybeans planted in late-June. A density of one velvetleaf per 30 cm of row competing full season reduced soybean yields 27% for the early and only 14% for the late planting date. The competitive difference was due to the short-day photoperiodic response of velvetleaf. Although the early growth stages of soybeans are more competitive than those of velvetleaf, 10 weeks after emergence velvetleaf competition reduced soybean growth and development. Velvetleaf does not appear to be a potential major problem in Arkansas for soybeans planted in June due to its photoperiodic response and late season competitiveness. However, the weed could present problems for soybeans planted early, especially when an early maturing variety is used.

scholarly journals Effects of planting time on growth, development and productivity of maize (Zea mays L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Jiban Shrestha ◽  
Manoj Kandel ◽  
Amit Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Crop Modeling ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
Growth Development

Planting date plays important role in the growth, development and yield of maize. Optimum planting date has becomes a prime importance for higher crop production. The plant establishment as well as pest and disease incidence are affected by planting dates. Crop varieties respond differently to planting dates. Early or late planting dates on maize causes an array of morpho-anatomical, physiological and biochemical changes in plants, which affect plant growth and development and such changes may lead to a drastic reduction in yield. Maize growth and development involves numerous biochemical reactions which are sensitive to variance in weather parameters as affected by planting dates. Delayed planting dates affect traits namely anthesis silking interval, photosynthesis, physiological maturity and dry matter production due to reduction in cumulative interception of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Late planting dates cause higher non-structural carbohydrate concentration in stems at mid-grain filling stages due to low temperature exposure of crop limiting kernel growth and photosynthesis. The adverse effects of delayed planting dates can be mitigated by forecasting optimum planting dates through crop modeling experiments. This article summarizes various effects of planting dates on maize growth, development and yield parameters. This information may be useful for maize growers and researchers.

Response of soya beans to planting date in south-eastern Queensland. I. Influence of photoperiod and temperature on phasic developmental patterns

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Lawn ◽  
DE Byth
Keyword(s):  
Photoperiodic Response ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Development Patterns ◽  
Flowering Phase ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Phases Of Development

Phenological development of a range of soya bean cultivars for a series of planting dates was studied at Redland Bay, Queensland. Responses in the duration of the phasic development patterns were related to the changes in day length and temperature regime during each phase. Genetic lateness of maturity among cultivars was associated with increasing sensitivity to photoperiod during all phases of development. The earliest-maturing cultivars were effectively day-neutral in the photoperiodic range of the test environment and exhibited significant response to photoperiod during the flowering phase only. In contrast, the pre-flowering, flowering, and post-flowering phases of later cultivars were considerably extended for those planting dates which involved the occurrence of these phases during the periods of longest day length. Late-maturing cultivars were sufficiently sensitive to photoperiod during the pre-flowering and flowering phases for the post-flowering phase to be delayed until the occurrence of short day lengths towards the end of the season. Temperature effects were apparent only in the absence of a strong photoperiodic response. Longer pre-flowering phases for early plantings of early-maturing cultivars were associated with lower daily temperatures early in the season. Similarly, extended post-flowering periods and delayed maturity for late plantings of late-maturing cultivars were associated with lower daily temperatures late in the season. It is suggested that the patterns of response described may be expected to recur in most environments for that range of cultivars which is capable of successful reproductive growth in each environment.

Growth and Development of the Florunner Peanut Cultivar as Influenced by Population, Planting Date and Water Availability1

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Kvien ◽  
C. L. Bergmark
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Canopy Closure ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Competition For Light ◽  
Effect On Yield

Abstract The influence of planting date, plant population, and row pattern on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growth and development was studied at two locations in Georgia. Twin rows were found to give faster canopy closure at high populations (212,000 plants ha-1) but not at low populations (26,500 plants ha-1). No yield differences due to row pattern were found. Increasing population increased competition for light which increased plant height and the percent of total dry matter partitioned to the stem. Population effect on yield was dependent on planting date and environmental conditions. When an optimum planting date (28 April 1983) was combined with adequate moisture (65 cm of water during season), increasing population from 30,000 to 240,000 plants ha-1 increased yield from 5290 to 6840 kg ha-1. A combination of an optimum planting date and moisture-limiting conditions (33 cm) resulted in a positive yield response of 20% as population was increased from 26,000 to 208,000 plants ha-1. Combining a late planting date (3 June 1983) with either adequate moisture (66 cm) or moisture-limiting conditions (35 cm) resulted in no yield response due to population. Late planting dates significantly reduced grade.

scholarly journals Planting-date Effects on Early maturing Pigeonpea in a Short-season Environment

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lurline Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Temperate Region ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Short Season

Determinate, photoperiod-insensitive genotypes of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] have production potential for the short growing seasons of the temperate region. A 3-year field study was conducted to determine the effect of three planting dates on the growth and development of pigeonpea in Missouri. Seeds of four genotypes, ICPL 87 Isolation (85k), ICPL 85010, ICPL 85024, and ICPL 8304 were planted 1 May (PD1), 15 May (PD2), and 1 June (PD3). Germination of the earliest-planted seeds was <32%, but increased to an average of 57% for PD3. Earliest-planted seeds generally took the longest time to first flowering and harvest. The initial fresh pod harvest of plants from PD1 and PD2 overlapped. The earliest harvest was produced by ICPL 85024 from PD2 at 91 days (1300 degree-days C) after planting. Over the 3 years, the genotypes in PD1 produced the highest fresh pod weights (205-357 g/plant) and longest pods. Those of PD3 produced the lowest pod weight. The seed number per pod (three to four) and weight of 100 seeds (16-22 g) were generally unaffected by planting dates.

scholarly journals Impact of Row Spacing and Planting Date on the Canopy Environment, Abundance of Lesser Cornstalk Borer and Other Arthropods, and Incidence of Aflatoxigenic Fungi in Peanuts

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
S. D. Stewart ◽  
K. L. Boweri ◽  
T. P. Mack ◽  
J. H. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
Elasmopalpus Lignosellus ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Wide Row Spacing

Abstract Three row spacings and two planting dates for peanuts, Arachis hypogaea L., were examined in 1993 and 1994 to determine the influence of the canopy environment on lesser cornstalk borer, Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), other arthropods, and alflatoxigenic fungi. Climatically, 1993 and 1994 were disparate years. Decreasing row spacing increased relative leaf area and light interception by the canopy but, compared to difference between planting dates or years, had a relatively small impact on soil temperatures and relative humidity within the canopy. Late planting produced smaller plants, retarded canopy development, and reduced yield in both years, but especially in 1993 when it was hot and dry. The wide row spacing did not yield as well as twin and normal row spacings in either year. Lesser cornstalk borer damage and aflatoxin concentration were higher in the late planting than in the early planting of 1993, but were unaffected by row spacing. Fewer predatory arthropods were caught as row spacing decreased in both beat and pitfall samples, but planting date had variable effects. Prevailing climatic conditions and planting date appeared to be more important in influencing the canopy environment and pest densities than was row spacing.

INFLUENCE OF SINGLE STRAINS AND A COMMERCIAL MIXTURE OF Bradyrhizobium japonicum ON GROWTH, NITROGEN ACCUMULATION AND NODULATION OF TWO EARLY-MATURING SOYBEAN CULTIVARS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. BAILEY
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Commercial Mixture ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Glycine Max L

Seven single strains and a commercial mixture of Bradyrhizobium japonicum were evaluated in association with two early-maturing Canadian soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) cultivars, Maple Presto and Maple Amber. Inoculated and uninoculated plants were grown in pails outdoors. Soil temperature at 15 cm depth was monitored throughout the experiment. At the V2, V3, R2 and R4 growth stages, whole plants were removed from the pails. Nodules were counted and weighed; roots and tops were separated, weighed and analyzed for total nitrogen. Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains 61A148, 61A196, 61A194 and 61A155 were similar in effectiveness, but superior to strains 61A124a, 61A118b, 61A101c and the commercial mixture in earliness of nodule formation, number and weight of nodules per plant, and in promoting greater root and top growth and plant nitrogen accumulation. There were indications that soil temperature may have affected nodulation. Maple Amber showed the greater potential for symbiotic nitrogen fixation. This cultivar supported earlier nodulation, had a greater number of nodules, accumulated more nitrogen in the tops and roots and had greater growth than Maple Presto.Key words: Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, soil temperature, soybean growth stages, Bradyrhizobium, nodulation

Production of Belarussian soyabeans (Glycine max) in the UK: predicting time to emergence

1999 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O'DELL ◽  
D. H. SCARISBRICK ◽  
D. A. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Reliable System ◽  
Heat Unit ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
The Uk

A field experiment was carried out on soyabean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) to measure the effect of planting date (soil temperature) on seedling emergence. Seeds were sown at weekly intervals on seven planting dates from April until the end of May in SE England in 1997. Planting date had no significant effect on final percentage emergence but had a highly significant effect on time to emergence. The coefficients of variation (c.v.) for the number of days to emergence (calendar days) were high (43–45%), and therefore not a reliable method for predicting emergence. Three accumulated heat unit (AHU) methods based on air and soil temperatures were compared with the calendar day method to determine the most reliable system for predicting seedling emergence. Accumulated soil temperatures above a base of 9·0 °C had the lowest c.v.s (8–15%) and were shown to be the most reliable predictor of emergence.

Influence of Herbicide Injury on the Yield Potential of Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Hagood ◽  
J. L. Williams ◽  
T. T. Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between herbicide injury and soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Amsoy 71’] yield response was studied under weed free conditions at three locations. Reduced crop vigor at early growth stages was not an adequate indicator of yield response. Yield reduction was greater when soybean stand was reduced by herbicides than when stand was reduced to the same level by hand thinning. Yield response was a function of the degree and persistence of crop vigor reduction in a reduced stand of soybeans.

RESPONSES TO PLANTING DATE AND POPULATION DENSITY BY EARLY-MATURING SORGHUM HYBRIDS IN ONTARIO

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-273
Author(s):  
D. J. HUME ◽  
YILMA KEBEDE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Hybrid Plant ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
South Central ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Early-maturing grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) hybrids which have potential usefulness in southern Ontario are commercially available. One such hybrid, Pride P130, and two experimental hybrids, Pride X4043 and Pride X3160, were grown at three planting dates and three plant densities in 1975 and 1976 at Elora, Ontario. There were several hybrid × planting date and hybrid × plant density interactions for the development and yield parameters measured. However, grain yields of all hybrids decreased by about 10% per week when plantings were delayed 2 or 4 wk after mid-May in 1975. In 1976, yields declined even more after late planting. Increasing populations from 75 000 to 300 000 plants/ha in 1975 increased grain yields from 4.3 to 6.0 t/ha, averaged over hybrids and planting dates. In 1976, raising populations from 150 000 to 450 000 plants/ha increased average yields from 3.2 to 3.7 t/ha. P130 was the earliest and best-yielding hybrid in both years. In 1975, which had a warm May and near-average temperatures, the best treatment yielded 7.3 t grain/ha and hybrids at all planting dates matured. The best treatment approached grain corn (Zea mays L.) yields. In 1976 with a cool spring and late summer, the highest grain yield was 5.7 t/ha with early planting, but 11 June plantings did not mature. In south-central Ontario, sorghum grain yields appear less reliable than those of corn.

Effects of planting date and dinocap applications on the control of powdery mildew and yields of seed and seed oil in coriander

2000 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-197
Author(s):  
A. KALRA ◽  
T. N. PARAMESWARAN ◽  
N. S. RAVINDRA ◽  
M. GOPAL RAO ◽  
SUSHIL KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Early Planting ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Levels Of Control

Experiments were conducted during 1992/93 and 1993/94 to determine the effect of different planting dates and dinocap applications on control of powdery mildew and yields of early and late maturing coriander cultivars. Early plantings resulted in lower overall disease severity values for both the cultivars, but the late maturing cultivar S-33 benefited more than RD-44, an early maturing cultivar. Early planting resulted in smaller increases in yield in RD-44 but provided considerable economic gains in S-33. Further, it was possible to achieve similar levels of control of powdery mildew and yields in coriander with fewer dinocap applications by early plantings of both the cultivars. Therefore, to reduce the fungicide inputs, it is important that emphasis should be placed on early plantings for managing powdery mildew especially in environments conducive for its development.

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