scholarly journals Impact of Row Spacing and Planting Date on the Canopy Environment, Abundance of Lesser Cornstalk Borer and Other Arthropods, and Incidence of Aflatoxigenic Fungi in Peanuts

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
S. D. Stewart ◽  
K. L. Boweri ◽  
T. P. Mack ◽  
J. H. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
Elasmopalpus Lignosellus ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Wide Row Spacing

Abstract Three row spacings and two planting dates for peanuts, Arachis hypogaea L., were examined in 1993 and 1994 to determine the influence of the canopy environment on lesser cornstalk borer, Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), other arthropods, and alflatoxigenic fungi. Climatically, 1993 and 1994 were disparate years. Decreasing row spacing increased relative leaf area and light interception by the canopy but, compared to difference between planting dates or years, had a relatively small impact on soil temperatures and relative humidity within the canopy. Late planting produced smaller plants, retarded canopy development, and reduced yield in both years, but especially in 1993 when it was hot and dry. The wide row spacing did not yield as well as twin and normal row spacings in either year. Lesser cornstalk borer damage and aflatoxin concentration were higher in the late planting than in the early planting of 1993, but were unaffected by row spacing. Fewer predatory arthropods were caught as row spacing decreased in both beat and pitfall samples, but planting date had variable effects. Prevailing climatic conditions and planting date appeared to be more important in influencing the canopy environment and pest densities than was row spacing.

Planting Date Affects Survival and Height Growth of Hybrid Poplar

1986 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward A. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Soil Frost ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Poplar Cuttings ◽  
Energy Plantations

In this study I investigated the effects of planting date for soaked versus unsoaked cuttings of two hybrid poplar clones under irrigated versus unirrigated and weedy versus weed-free conditions. Cuttings were planted each year for 4 years. Survival at the end of the first growing season was generally greater than 90% for all planting dates. At the end of the second growing season survival for trees planted before July 16 was again generally more than 90%. However, cuttings planted from July 30 through August 27 showed a major decline in survival and survival of fall planted cuttings ranged from 6 to 90%. Mortality of late summer- or fall-planted cuttings occurred prior to the beginning of the second growing season and was attributed to frost heaving. The tallest trees were not those planted at the earliest possible dates (April in Rhinelander). Instead, the tallest trees at the end of the first and second growing seasons were those planted in early- and mid-May. This optimum planting period was the same regardless of clone, soaking, irrigation, or weed treatment. Actual optimum planting date would change with location and local climatic conditions. Some climatic indices may prove more universal in predicting when to plant. Although tentative, it appears that for best growth, unrooted hybrid poplar cuttings should be planted in soil warmer than 10 °C. Trees do not grow as well if planted immediately after soil frost leaves the ground. Key words: Energy plantations, plantation establishment, woody biomass, intensive culture, Populus.

Production of Belarussian soyabeans (Glycine max) in the UK: predicting time to emergence

1999 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O'DELL ◽  
D. H. SCARISBRICK ◽  
D. A. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Reliable System ◽  
Heat Unit ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
The Uk

A field experiment was carried out on soyabean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) to measure the effect of planting date (soil temperature) on seedling emergence. Seeds were sown at weekly intervals on seven planting dates from April until the end of May in SE England in 1997. Planting date had no significant effect on final percentage emergence but had a highly significant effect on time to emergence. The coefficients of variation (c.v.) for the number of days to emergence (calendar days) were high (43–45%), and therefore not a reliable method for predicting emergence. Three accumulated heat unit (AHU) methods based on air and soil temperatures were compared with the calendar day method to determine the most reliable system for predicting seedling emergence. Accumulated soil temperatures above a base of 9·0 °C had the lowest c.v.s (8–15%) and were shown to be the most reliable predictor of emergence.

scholarly journals NC 98-608: MANAGING THE POTENTIAL NEW SWEETPOTATO (Ipomea batatas) CLONE RELEASE

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 869b-869
Author(s):  
Allan C. Thornton ◽  
Jonathan R. Schultheis
Keyword(s):  
Yield Potential ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
Early Planting ◽  
Ipomea Batatas ◽  
Early Harvest ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Made In

The goal of this research was to determine the effects of in-row spacing and planting time on yield and root grade of NC 98-608 over time. Two plantings were made in two grower locations (four total). An early planting was made 19 and 25 May and a late planting 19 and 24 June. NC 98-608 was evaluated at the following in-row spacings; 23, 31, 38, and 46 cm. `Beauregard' spaced at 23 cm in-row and was used as the standard comparison. Roots were harvested and graded into canner, number one, jumbo and cull grades 90, 105, and 120 days after planting for each of the planting dates and locations. Each grade was weighed. An early planting in late May resulted in roots reaching the highest percentage grade of U.S. number one roots as early as 100 days after planting, while the late planting in June resulted in roots never reaching their full number one yield potential in some cases. For an early harvest after planting (90 days after planting) the 38 cm in-row spacing produced the most marketable number one yields compared with the 23, 31, and 46 cm in-row spacings. For a later harvest time after planting (105 days or later), it appeared as though the 31 cm in-row spacing was the most economical spacing to use. Roots from the early plantings (late May) and finer textured soils appeared to have shorter roots than roots harvested from later plantings (after 15 June) or coarser textured soil. Root shape and yield was more uniform with NC 98-608 than with the Beauregard clone. With yields comparable to Beauregard, the NC 98-608 clone provides an excellent opportunity to produce a quality sweetpotato with consistent shape.

scholarly journals Effect of planting date on the incidence of eggplant aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover and yield of eggplant

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
M. Matiur Rahman ◽  
Pankoj Kumar Sarker ◽  
Bidhan Chandra Das
Keyword(s):  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Aphid Population ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
Aphis Gossypii Glover ◽  
Crops Yield

Impact of planting dates on Aphis gossypii Glover infestation and yields of eggplants was studied in the field. The aphid population was very low (4.75-31.05 aphids/plant) on the first planted crops. Yield of first planting dates were higher (1.56-3.58 kg/plant), however; aphid population on the successive late planting crops gradually increased and reached to peaks at third planting dates (15.51- 96.46 aphids/plant). Yield of eggplant gradually decreased on successive late planting crops and lowest yield recorded for third planting crops (1.06-1.88 kg/plant).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v39i2.10585 Bangladesh J. Zool. 39(2): 187-194, 2011   

Narrow Row Spacing and Canopy Formation Reduces Weed Resurgence in Soybeans (Glycine max)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred H. Yelverton ◽  
Harold D. Coble
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Surface Irrigation ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
Soybean Canopy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Narrow Row ◽  
Radiation Measurements

In 1982 and 1983, effects of soybean row spacing and irrigation on weed resurgence following postemergence herbicide applications were evaluated. Also, ‘Forrest’ and ‘Ransom’ cultivar effects and early and late planting date influences on weed resurgence were evaluated in 1982 and 1983, respectively. In both years, as row spacing increased, weed resurgence increased. Photosynthetically active radiation measurements indicated the amount of weed resurgence coincided closely with the differing amounts of light penetrating to the soil surface. Irrigation, planting date, and cultivars showed no significant effect on weed resurgence. In 1982, a significant cultivar by row spacing interaction was obtained. In 1983, the late planting date showed a trend for less weed resurgence under irrigated conditions, although the difference was not significant. Soybean canopy measurements indicated development was greater under irrigation.

scholarly journals Effects of planting time on growth, development and productivity of maize (Zea mays L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Jiban Shrestha ◽  
Manoj Kandel ◽  
Amit Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Crop Modeling ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
Growth Development

Planting date plays important role in the growth, development and yield of maize. Optimum planting date has becomes a prime importance for higher crop production. The plant establishment as well as pest and disease incidence are affected by planting dates. Crop varieties respond differently to planting dates. Early or late planting dates on maize causes an array of morpho-anatomical, physiological and biochemical changes in plants, which affect plant growth and development and such changes may lead to a drastic reduction in yield. Maize growth and development involves numerous biochemical reactions which are sensitive to variance in weather parameters as affected by planting dates. Delayed planting dates affect traits namely anthesis silking interval, photosynthesis, physiological maturity and dry matter production due to reduction in cumulative interception of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Late planting dates cause higher non-structural carbohydrate concentration in stems at mid-grain filling stages due to low temperature exposure of crop limiting kernel growth and photosynthesis. The adverse effects of delayed planting dates can be mitigated by forecasting optimum planting dates through crop modeling experiments. This article summarizes various effects of planting dates on maize growth, development and yield parameters. This information may be useful for maize growers and researchers.

COMPOSITIONAL TRAITS OF SOYBEAN SEEDS AS INFLUENCED BY PLANTING DATE IN INDIA

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
VINEET KUMAR ◽  
ANITA RANI ◽  
VIMAL PANDEY ◽  
PURVI MANDE ◽  
G. S. CHAUHAN
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
Seed Traits ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
One Year

Information on the influence of date of planting on protein, oil and fatty acid composition of soybean seeds is meagre, whilst similar studies on lipoxygenase isozymes and trypsin inhibitor contents are lacking. A field experiment was conducted with nine Indian genotypes and three planting dates (spread over 23 days) to study the influence of planting dates on these seed traits. Results based upon a one-year study indicated that oil content declined with delays in planting. Oleic acid content increased from the first to third planting, while the reverse trend was observed for linolenic acid. Lipoxygenase-1 activity was reduced by delayed plantings. Protein content was the lowest and trypsin inhibitor content was the highest for the second planting. However, no differences were observed for protein and trypsin inhibitor contents between the first and third planting. Significant interactions. observed between genotype and planting date for most of the seed compositional characters suggest that the influence of late planting is genotype-dependent.

Influence of Soybean (Glycine max)Planting Date on Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)Competition

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Photoperiodic Response ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
Early Maturing

A 2-yr study was conducted to determine the influence of early and late soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] planting dates on the competitiveness of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic). Velvetleaf was planted at densities of one plant per 61 and 30 cm of row, and competition ranged from 4 weeks to full season. Soybean planting dates were mid-May and late-June. Velvetleaf emerging with soybeans in mid-May were twice as competitive as those emerging with soybeans planted in late-June. A density of one velvetleaf per 30 cm of row competing full season reduced soybean yields 27% for the early and only 14% for the late planting date. The competitive difference was due to the short-day photoperiodic response of velvetleaf. Although the early growth stages of soybeans are more competitive than those of velvetleaf, 10 weeks after emergence velvetleaf competition reduced soybean growth and development. Velvetleaf does not appear to be a potential major problem in Arkansas for soybeans planted in June due to its photoperiodic response and late season competitiveness. However, the weed could present problems for soybeans planted early, especially when an early maturing variety is used.

scholarly journals Combining ability and heterosis for some canola characteristics sown on recommended and late planting dates using biplot

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Hassan AMIRI OGHAN ◽  
Farnaz SHARIATI ◽  
Naser SABAGHNIA ◽  
Bahram ALIZADEH ◽  
James MILLNER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
Winter Canola

<p>Canola (<em>Brassica napus</em> L.) is one of the most efficient oil-producing crops in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. In the current study, ten winter canola genotypes [seven genotypes as lines (Zarfam (L1), Talaye (L2), SLM046 (L3), Geronimo (L4), Modena (L5), Opera (L6) and Symbol (L7)] and three genotypes as testers [Okapi (T1), Licord (T2) and Orient (T3)] and their F1 hybrids (21 hybrids) were evaluated to determine the genetic parameters for grain yield, oil content, meal and seed glucosinolate contents under two different planting date [recommended (late September) and late planting (late October)]. According to combined analysis of variance there were significant differences among the genotypes for most studied traits. The genotype main effect and genotype × environment interaction (GGE) biplot method was used for analyzing line × tester design data. Among the lines, L5 showed high negative general combining ability (GCA) effect for meal glucosinolate content in both conditions whereas L1, L5 and L6 revealed high negative GCA effects for seed glucosinolate content in both planting date. From the results, it could be concluded that, hybridization between T1×L1, T1×L6 or T3×L5 is an efficient approach to release genotypes with low seed and meal glucosinolate content. Furthermore, to develop canola cultivars with higher seed and oil yield, hybridization between T1×L7 or T2×L7 is highly recommended. Improved oil content will be achieved if T1×L5, T2×L5 or T3×L6 hybrids are implemented into the breeding programs.</p>

scholarly journals Planting Date and Cultivar Affect Melon Quality and Productivity

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1559-1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Dufault ◽  
Ahmet Korkmaz ◽  
Brian K. Ward ◽  
Richard L. Hassell
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
Potential Market ◽  
Honeydew Melon

Extending the production season of melons (Cucumis melo L.) by using very early and late planting dates outside the range that is commercially recommended will increase the likelihood of developing a stronger melon industry in South Carolina. The objective of this study was to determine if early (February) transplanted melons or later (June through July) planting dates are effective in extending the production season of acceptable yields with good internal quality of the melon cultivars: Athena, Eclipse, and Sugar Bowl and Tesoro Dulce (a honeydew melon). Melons were transplanted in Charleston, S.C., in 1998, 1999, and 2000 on 12 and 26 Feb., 12 and 26 Mar., 9 and 23 Apr., 7 and 21 May, 4 and 18 June, and 2 July and required 130, 113, 105, 88, 79, 70, 64, 60, 60, 59, and 56 days from field transplanting to reach mean melon harvest date, respectively. Stands were reduced 67%, 41%, and 22% in the 12 and 26 Feb. and 12 Mar. planting dates, respectively, in contrast to the 26 Mar. planting date but ≤15% in all other planting dates. Planting in February had no earliness advantage because the 12 and 26 Feb. and 12 and 26 Mar. planting dates, all reached mean melon harvest from 19 to 23 June. Comparing the marketable number of melons produced per plot (averaged over cultivar) of the standard planting dates of 12 and 26 Mar. indicated decreases of 21%, 32%, 36%, 36%, 57%, 57%, and 54%, respectively with the planting dates of 9 and 23 Apr., 7 and 21 May, 4 and 18 June, and 2 July. The most productive cultivar of all was `Eclipse', which yielded significantly more melons per plot in all 11 planting dates followed by `Athena' (in 8 of 11 planting dates), `Tesoro Dulce' (7 of 11 planting dates), and `Sugar Bowl' (2 of 11 planting dates). In our study, any planting date with melon quality less than the USDA standard of “good internal quality” or better (Brix ≥9.0) was considered unacceptable because of potential market rejection. Therefore, the earliest recommended planting date with acceptable yield and “good internal quality” was 12 Mar. for all cultivars; the latest planting dates for `Athena', `Eclipse', `Tesoro Dulce', and `Sugar Bowl' were 4 June, 18 June, 7 May, and 9 Apr., respectively. With these recommendations, the harvest season of melons lasted 40 days from 24 June to 3 Aug. for these four cultivars, which extended the production season an additional 2 weeks longer than the harvest date of last recommended 21 May planting date.

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