Environmental and Edaphic Influences on the Selectivity of Alachlor on Snap Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 570-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Putnam ◽  
Robert P. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Edaphic Factors ◽  
Moist Soil ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Temperature Regimes

The influence of several environmental and edaphic factors on alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] selectivity in snap bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) was examined. Crop safety was consistently improved when alachlor was applied preplant incorporated as compared to surface preemergence treatment. Under field conditions, maximum injury occurred either when temperatures during germination were cool and rainfall was minimal, or when temperatures approached or exceeded 27 C and the soil was saturated. In the growth chamber, more damage occurred under low temperature regimes, although volatilization of alachlor from moist soil also produced injury under higher temperatures. Injury was less severe in soils high in organic matter content. Alachlor injury decreased after 5 cm of simulated rainfall were applied on a loamy sand.

Temperature Influences on Uptake, Translocation, and Metabolism of Alachlor in Snap Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Rice ◽  
A. R. Putnam
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Labeled Compounds ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature

The uptake, translocation, and metabolism of14C-alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] by germinating and emerged snap bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) seedlings were monitored under 16-h daylength (21 klux) comparing 16 C night/21 C Day and 27 C night/32 C day temperature regimes. Total uptake of14C-alachlor by germinating snap beans was greater under the higher temperature, however, the compound was localized primarily in the roots where it was rapidly metabolized. At the lower temperature, the label was located in approximately equal amounts in all plant parts except cotyledons and significantly less of the alachlor was metabolized. Root uptake of14C-alachlor and translocation of labeled compounds to the shoots were significantly greater under the higher temperatures. Approximately 60% of14C-alachlor was shown to volatilize from a watchglass after 48 h at 27 C. After volatilization, uptake of14C-alachlor occurred in adjacent snap bean plants in a closed system.

scholarly journals Degradation of atrazine and bromacil in two forestry waste products

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor K. James ◽  
Hossein Ghanizadeh ◽  
Kerry C. Harrington ◽  
Nanthi S. Bolan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic Media ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Herbicide Degradation ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Subsequent Degradation

AbstractThe persistence and degradation of two common herbicides, atrazine and bromacil in two organic media, wood pulp and sawdust were compared with two soils. The hypothesis tested was that herbicide degradation will be faster in high organic matter media compared to soil. Degradation of two herbicides was carried out in four different temperature regimes and in sterilised media. The degradation half-life (t½) was determined under above-mentioned conditions then compared to degradation in soil. The degradation as quantified by t½ of the herbicides was generally longer in both organic media. Although microbial degradation was an important factor in the mineralisation of these herbicides, overall, the pH of the media had a more profound effect on the desorption and subsequent degradation rate than the organic carbon content. The results of this study revealed that the hypothesis was only partially correct as organic matter content per se did not strongly relate to degradation rates which were mainly governed by pH and microbial activity.

Dissipation of Dicamba, Picloram, and 2,3,6-TBA Across Nebraska

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. C. Burnside ◽  
G. A. Wicks ◽  
C. R. Fenster
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Persistence ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Field Beans

The dissipation and detoxification of 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba), 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), and 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid (2,3,6-TBA) was followed for 6 years at three locations across Nebraska. Herbicide persistence was determined by growing field bioassays of field beans (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) and soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]. Picloram showed the greatest soil persistence, 2,3,6-TBA was intermediate, and dicamba showed the least persistence across Nebraska. The residual phytotoxicity of picloram in soil was not necessarily dependent upon rainfall but was greatest in the fine textured soil with higher organic matter content.

scholarly journals Potential effects of vinasse as a soil amendment to control runoff and soil loss

SOIL ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Hazbavi ◽  
S. H. R. Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Restoration ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Loss Control ◽  
Runoff And Soil Loss

Abstract. Application of organic materials are well known as environmental practices in soil restoration, preserving soil organic matter and recovering degraded soils of arid and semiarid lands. Therefore, the present research focused on evaluating the effectiveness of vinasse, a byproduct mainly of the sugar-ethanol industry, on soil conservation under simulated rainfall. Vinasse can be recycled as a soil amendment due to its organic matter content. Accordingly, the laboratory experiments were conducted by using 0.25 m2 experimental plots at 20 % slope and rainfall intensity of 72 mm h−1 with 0.5 h duration. The effect of vinasse was investigated on runoff and soil loss control. Experiments were set up as a control (with no amendment) and three treated plots with doses of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 L m−2 of vinasse subjected to simulated rainfall. Laboratory results indicated that vinasse at different levels could not significantly (P >  0.05) decrease the runoff amount and soil loss rate in the study plots compared to untreated plots. The average amounts of minimum runoff volume and soil loss were about 3985 mL and 46 g for the study plot at a 1 L m−2 level of vinasse application.

HEAVY METAL SPECIATION IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE VYSHNEVOLOTSKY RESERVOIR

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
O. A. Lipatnikova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Speciation ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Manganese Hydroxides

The study of heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments of the Vyshnevolotsky water reservoir is presented in this paper. Sequential selective procedure was used to determine the heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments and thermodynamic calculation — to determine ones in interstitial water. It has been shown that Mn are mainly presented in exchangeable and carbonate forms; for Fe, Zn, Pb и Co the forms are related to iron and manganese hydroxides is played an important role; and Cu and Ni are mainly associated with organic matter. In interstitial waters the main forms of heavy metal speciation are free ions for Zn, Ni, Co and Cd, carbonate complexes for Pb, fulvate complexes for Cu. Effects of particle size and organic matter content in sediments on distribution of mobile and potentially mobile forms of toxic elements have been revealed.

Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil Collected from Chandrabhaga River in Kalmeshwar, Nagpur, Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Amita M Watkar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Agricultural Land Management ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil, itself means Soul of Infinite Life. Soil is the naturally occurring unconsolidated or loose covering on the earth’s surface. Physical properties depend upon the amount, size, shape, arrangement, and mineral composition of soil particles. It also depends on the organic matter content and pore spaces. Chemical properties depend on the Inorganic and organic matter present in the soil. Soils are the essential components of the environment and foundation resources for nearly all types of land use, besides being the most important component of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, assessment of soil quality and its direction of change with time is an ideal and primary indicator of sustainable agricultural land management. Soil quality indicators refer to measurable soil attributes that influence the capacity of a soil to function, within the limits imposed by the ecosystem, to preserve biological productivity and environmental quality and promote plant, animal and human health. The present study is to assess these soil attributes such as physical and chemical properties season-wise.

scholarly journals Soil nitrogen supply of peat grasslands estimated by degree days and soil organic matter content

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-365
Author(s):  
J. Pijlman ◽  
G. Holshof ◽  
W. van den Berg ◽  
G. H. Ros ◽  
J. W. Erisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Supply
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