Occurrence, Concentration, and Toxicity of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Crotalaria Seeds

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Coburn Williams ◽  
Russell J. Molyneux
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Crotalaria Spectabilis

Seed of 41 accessions of Crotalaria representing 35 species were analyzed for the concentration of total pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and for oral toxicity to 1-week-old chicks. All accessions were assayed for the presence of monocrotaline and spectabiline by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). High concentrations of PA were found in the seed of Crotalaria spectabilis Roth # CVTSP (3.85%), C. retusa L. (2.69%), C. alata Leveille (1.60%), C. quinquefolia L. (1.19%), and C. argyrolobioides Bak. (1.01%). The seed of Crotalaria argyrolobioides produced toxic signs but no deaths when fed at 10 mg/g of body weight, whereas the seed of the other four species were 100% lethal when fed to chicks in one dose at 2 to 6 mg/g of body weight. Seed of other species contained less than 0.6% PA and were nontoxic to chicks fed one dose at 10 mg/g of body weight. Monocrotaline was identified in 17 accessions and spectabiline in 7. No species contained both monocrotaline and spectabiline.

scholarly journals Flavonoids From the Flowers and Leaves of the Himalayan Megacodon stylophorus (Gentianaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2199226
Author(s):  
Tsukasa Iwashina ◽  
Rinchen Yangzom ◽  
Hari Prasad Devkota ◽  
Takayuki Mizuno
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Five flavonol O-glycosides and 4 C-glycosylflavones were isolated from the flowers of the Himalayan Megacodon stylophorus (Gentianaceae). They were characterized as quercetin 3- O-glucoside (1), quercetin 3- O-rutinoside (2), kaempferol 3- O-glucoside (3), isorhamnetin 3- O-glucoside (4) and kaempferol 3,7-di- O-glucoside (5) (flavonols), and isovitexin (6), isoorientin (7), isovitexin X″- O-arabinoside (8) and isovitexin 4′- O-glucoside (9) ( C-glycosylflavones) by ultraviolet, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, acid hydrolysis, nuclear magnetic resonance, and/or high-performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography comparisons with authentic samples. On the other hand, 5 C-glycosylflavones were isolated from the leaves and identified as 6, 7, 9, vitexin (10), and orientin (11). Although many C-glycosylflavones and xanthones have been reported from Gentianaceae species, flavonols are minor occurrence in the family. Flavonoids were reported from the Megacodon species for the first time.

scholarly journals Identificação da fração antimicrobiana do extrato da Mimosa tenuiflora

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Ivanildo Viana Borges ◽  
LEONARDO SOUSA CAVALCANTI ◽  
ACÁCIO FIGUEIRÊDO NETO ◽  
JACKSON ROBERTO GUEDES DA SILVA ALMEIDA ◽  
LARISSA ARAÚJO ROLIM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Layer Formation ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Layer Chromatography

In the search of molecules and antifungal compounds with low hazard, it is important the compound inespecific action, since there is a possibility of inactivity due to the resistance development. In order to increase the alternatives for the Curvularia inaequalis and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides control, husks of M. tenuiflora were collected and processed for obtaining the aqueous extract, which was then fractionated by column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), aiming the identification of active compounds. After obtaining the phases, germination tests were carried out with C. inaequalis. The phase “one” showed the presence of flavonoids catechin and apigenin. This phase presented degradation or inhibition of chitin layer formation in C. inaequalis and the other phases presented no activity for the evaluated concentrations. Catechin also presented inhibition of C. inaequalis germination. For the evaluation of the effect of crude extract on C. gloeosporioides germination, all concentrations were effective in inhibiting germination, and when 4 mg.mL-1 or higher concentrations were used, the inhibition was 100%. The phase “one” and the catechin inhibit the C. inaequalis germination and the crude extract inhibited, similarly to phase “one”, the germination of C. gloeosporioides.

scholarly journals Identification of phenolic compounds of dry extract of dandelion herb and large burdock leaf tea

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
L. M. Fedoseeva ◽  
Yu. I. Chistova
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Water System ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Caffeic Acid Derivatives ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The purpose of this work is to study of phenolic compounds in the dry extract of dandelion herb and large burdock leaf tea.Materials and methods . The separation and identification of phenolic compounds of dry extract of dandelion herb and large burdock leaf tea by thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-detectionhas been carried out.Results . As a result of research, it has been established that during TLC the optimal system for the separation of phenolic compounds is the ethyl acetate – formic acid – water system (10:2:3). On the chromatogram four spots were found corresponding to the value of Rf and fluorescence in UV-light to flavonoids of the flavone group and phenolic acids (chlorogenic and caffeic acids). For further identification of phenolic compounds using HPLC, eight peaks were found, which in terms of retention time and spectral characteristics correspond to phenologlycosides, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid derivatives, ferulic acid, umbelliferone.Conclusions . Thus, the dry extract of dandelion herb and large burdock leaf tea contains hydroxycinnamic acids and their derivatives, compounds of coumarin nature, phenologlycosides.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF USING L-ASPARAGINASE IN REDUCING ACRYLAMIDE PERCENTAGE IN BISICUT

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jebur & et al.
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
The Other ◽  
Enzyme Efficiency ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Stability

This study was aimed to know the efficiency of partially purified L- asparaginase produced from local isolate from Erwinia spp. to reduce the percentage of acrylamide formed in Biscuit. Four types of biscuit from wheat flour were prepared (T1, T2, T3, T4),and T1 as control. High performance liquid chromatography technique was used to estimate acrylamide ratio in biscuit , Effect of enzyme addition  on flour chemical and rheological properties was studied, also dough behavior ,gluten percentage, water absorption and amylase enzyme activity was estimated. The results revealed  that  the  addition of  experimental asparaginase ( specific activity 20.5 unite mg-1 ) with 1% of flour weight lead to reduce in acrylamide formation in Biscuit  to 89 %  compared  to  control sample ( in absence of enzyme ) . Moreover, the addition of Asparagine to flour at 0.1 % of its weight, where L- asparaginase was available caused a negative effect on enzyme efficiency in reducing the acrylamide in biscuit. So the level of acrylamide was reduced to 57.7 %. In the other hand , the percentage of acryl amide in biscuit was increased to   233 % when the asparagine was added to mixture in absence of L- asparaginase .Addition of  the enzyme to flour have no effect on the percentage value of gluten but improved the  stability of dough .The  enzyme  addition also led to increase amylases activities.  Addition of experimental enzyme had no effect on quality and sensory evaluation of biscuit.

ANTHOCYANIN, AGLYCONE AND AGLYCONE-SUGAR CONTENT OF FRUITS OF TEMPERATE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF Gaylussacia (ERICACEAE)

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. BALLINGTON ◽  
W. E. BALLINGER ◽  
E. P. MANESS
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
North American ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
North American Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications

HPLC analysis of the true huckleberry species Gaylussacia baccata, G. dumosa, G. frondosa, G. mosieri, and G. ursina identified the 3-monoarabinosides, 3-monogalactosides, and 3-monoglucosides of cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, peonidin, and petunidin. Gaylussacia brachycera contained all anthocyanins, except peonidin-3-arabinoside. Gaylussacia brachycera differed from other species in percent delphinidin-3-arabinoside. It was higher than the other species in percent of the aglycone delphinidin and lower in cyanidin, and also higher in percent of the sugar arabinose. There were no detectable differences among the other species for anthocyanins, aglycones, or aglycone-sugars. The phylogenetic implications of the similarities among species of Gaylussacia and Vaccinium in anthocyanins, aglycones, and aglycone-sugars of the fruit were discussed.Key words: High-performance liquid chromatography, huckleberries, blueberries, chemotaxonomy, taxonomy, biosystematics

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