Time of hilling and interseeding affects weed control and potato yield

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riikka M. Rajalahti ◽  
Robin R. Bellinder ◽  
Michael P. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Excessive Competition ◽  
Potato Yields ◽  
Alternative Weed Control ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The Impact

The current emphasis on reducing pesticide use has led to increased interest in alternative weed control methods. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of hilling, in combination with subsequent interseeding of cover crops, to control weeds in potato and to determine the impact of these actions on potato yield and insects. Each cover crop, either hairy or lana vetch, oats, barley, red clover, or a combination of oats and hairy vetch, was interseeded, following hilling, 3, 4, or 5 wk after planting (WAP). Hilling and interseeding treatments were compared to a no-cover treatment and a chemical standard, metolachlor (1.7 kg ai ha−-1) plus linuron (1.7 kg ai ha−-1). Cultivation associated with the interseeding operation and cover crops reduced weed density 20 to 27% by 3 wk after interseeding. To prevent excessive competition, cereals interseeded 3 or 4 WAP and vetches interseeded 3 WAP were controlled at a height of 25 to 35 cm using fluazifop (0.22 kg ai ha−-1) plus metribuzin (0.28 kg ai ha−-1). Because of slow growth, it was necessary to control red clover (interseeded 3 WAP), only in 1996, at a height of 15 cm. Control of cereals resulted in a dead mulch that provided 0 to 95% weed control, whereas legumes regrew after herbicide application and provided 45 to 70% weed control. However, an adequate minimum of 70% weed control was achieved only with the chemical standard, cereals (1995 and 1996), and legumes (1996) interseeded 3 WAP when controlled with herbicides. In a dry season (1995), potato yields were highest with the chemical standard, whereas in a season with adequate precipitation (1996), potato yields equivalent to those of the chemical standard were obtained with early interseeding (3 WAP) of cereals. The observed changes in the densities of potato leafhopper and of its natural enemies were unlikely to have any effect on potato yield because of low overall insect populations. Thus, the results suggest that in good growing conditions, early (3 WAP) interseeding of cover crops supplemented with postemergence herbicides may both suppress weeds with 70% less herbicide (ai ha−-1) and provide yields comparable to those associated with conventional potato production.

Hay mulching to reduce runoff and soil loss under intensive potato production in northwestern New Brunswick, Canada

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
H W Rees ◽  
T L Chow ◽  
P J Loro ◽  
J. Lavoie ◽  
J O Monteith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Available P ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Runoff And Soil Loss ◽  
The Impact

Soil erosion by water associated with potato production in northwestern New Brunswick has been identified as one of the most severe soil degradation problems affecting soil quality in Canada. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of applying various rates of hay mulch following potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) harvest in reducing runoff and soil loss rates under northwestern New Brunswick climatic and soil conditions and to determine the impact of the various hay mulch application rates on potato yield. Wischmeier-like runoff-erosion plots (10 m wide by 30 m long) on a Holmesville gravelly loam soil were used. Annual hay mulch application rates of 0.00, 2.25, 4.50 and 9.00 t ha-1 wet mass were evaluated under continuous up-and-down-slope potato production on 8 and 11% slopes between October 1995 and October 1999. During the study period, annual precipitation was lower than normal. Calculated rainfall erosivities were 102, 66, 73 and 133% of the value typically used for conservation planning in this region (1276 MJ mm ha-1h-1). Seventy-three percent of the average annual erosivity for the 4-yr period was associated with storms occurring in June, July, August and September. Hay mulching at rates of 2.25, 4.50 and 9.00 t ha-1 conserved on average 13, 18 and 28 mm of June to September precipitation, respectively. Mean annual soil losses were reduced to 14, 7 and 2% of the control (5.6 t ha-1) by the 2.25, 4.50 and 9.00 t ha-1 treatments, respectively, on the 11% slope and to 43 and 24% of the control (2.0 t ha-1) on the 2.25 and 4.50 t ha-1 treatments, respectively, on the 8% slope. Eroded sediment silt, clay and organic matter (OM) contents were 1.6, 1.9 and 2.3 times the content of the surface soil at the experimental site. Mulching at rates as low as 2.25 t ha-1 reduced nutrient losses of NO3-N and available P, K, Ca and Mg to 26, 18, 28, 20 and 24% of control, respectively, on the 11% slope, and to 81, 50, 82, 66 and 77% of control, respectively, on the 8% slope. However, levels of nutrient losses from the controls were low to begin with (2.0, 0.4, 2.8, 10.9 and 1.6 kg ha-1 of NO3-N, and available P, K, Ca and Mg, respectively). Both total and marketable potato crop yields from all 2.25 and 4.50 t ha-1 treatments were in excess of 5% greater than their controls; however, only the increases in total yields from the 2.25 and 4.50 t ha-1 treatments and marketable yield from the 4.50 t ha-1 treatment on the 8% slope were significantly greater at P< 0.05. Yield of potato on the 9.00 t ha-1 treatment showed a consistent increase in total yield over the 4-yr period, going from 80% of control in 1996 to 127% of control in 1999, indicating a possible improvement in soil productivity. Hay mulching at rates up to 9.00 t ha-1 did not increase the incidence of disease or other defects. Hay mulching was found to be an effective tool for reducing soil loss while maintaining, and in some cases enhancing, potato yield. Key words: Hay mulching, soil loss, water erosion, organic residues, sediment composition, nutrient loss, erosivity

scholarly journals Extreme Grain-Based Cropping Systems: When Herbicide-Free Weed Management Meets Conservation Tillage in Northern Climates

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Légère ◽  
Steven J. Shirtliffe ◽  
Anne Vanasse ◽  
Robert H. Gulden
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Low Input ◽  
No Till ◽  
Green Manure Crops

The challenges associated with the adoption of conservation tillage and/or low-input cropping systems, whether organic or herbicide-free, across Canada are shaped by scale, environment, and local practices. A study in eastern Canada captured the challenges of introducing low-input cropping systems in mature (20+ yr) tillage treatments in a barley/red clover/corn/soybean rotation. Each mature tillage system came with its own weed problems, but this did not affect crops such as barley and red clover, which produced similar yields across high and low input systems. However, some form of primary tillage was needed to achieve adequate weed control and yield in organic (ORG) and herbicide-free (HF) systems. The HF and ORG systems with no-till actually failed to produce a corn crop but produced soybean yields that were half or less than that for other treatments. The successful combination of conservation tillage practices and low-input systems in eastern Canada would thus appear to be crop-specific, being easier to achieve in competitive cereal crops. In western Canadian organic agriculture, tillage is practiced with low-disturbance chisel plows instead of inversion plows. However, green manure crops (summer cover crops) are often terminated with tandem discs. Both roller crimpers and mowing can successfully kill annual green manure crops such as field pea and rye, and usually result in reduced weed growth following termination. However, the lack of tillage can result in lower crop yields in wheat following green manure terminated by roller crimping compared to tillage. Challenges for no-till organic practices include perennial weed control and soil fertility. Overall, flexible crop production programs such as the former Manitoba Pesticide Free Production program and the “Agriculture raisonnéeTM” program in Québec are more likely to promote sustained environmental, economic, and social prosperity than rigid adherence to organic or no-till practices.

Early Broadleaf Weed Control in Potato (Solanum tuberosum) with Herbicides

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina W. Murray ◽  
Richard N. Arnold ◽  
Eddie J. Gregory ◽  
Dan Smeal
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Marketable Tuber ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Marketable Potato ◽  
Potato Yields

Ten herbicide treatments were evaluated for early season control of three broadleaf weeds and effects on marketable potato yields in low-organic, coarse-textured soil. All treatments controlled prostrate pigweed 100%. Trifluralin with metolachlor or with EPTC did not control kochia well. Pendimethalin alone or with EPTC controlled Russian thistle poorly, and produced the lowest marketable tuber yields. Fluorochloridone at 0.6 kg ai/ha caused chlorosis and reduced potato yield 11%. Treatments with metribuzin tended to have high potato yields.

scholarly journals Improving Soil Quality and Potato Productivity with Manure and High-Residue Cover Crops in Eastern Canada

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1436
Author(s):  
Judith Nyiraneza ◽  
Dahu Chen ◽  
Tandra Fraser ◽  
Louis-Pierre Comeau
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Supply Capacity

Under intensive low residue agricultural systems, such as those involving potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)-based systems, stagnant crop yields and declining soil health and environmental quality are common issues. This study evaluated the effects of pen-pack cow (Bos Taurus) manure application (20 Mg·ha−1) and cover crops on nitrate dynamics and soil N supply capacity, subsequent potato yield, selected soil properties, and soil-borne disease. Eight cover crops were tested and included grasses, legumes, or a mixture of legumes and grasses, with red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) used as a control. Forage pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) was associated with highest dry matter. On average, red clover had 88% higher total N accumulation than the treatments mixing grasses and legumes, and the former was associated with higher soil nitrate in fall before residue incorporation and overwinter, but this was not translated into increased potato yields. Pearl millet and sorghum sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor × sorghum bicolor var. Sudanese) were associated with lower soil nitrate in comparison to red clover while being associated with higher total potato yield and lower numerical value of root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus penetrans), although this was not statistically significant at 5% probability level. Manure incorporation increased total and marketable yield by 28% and 26%, respectively, and increased soil N supply capacity by an average of 44%. Carbon dioxide released after a short incubation as a proxy of soil microbial respiration increased by an average of 27% with manure application. Our study quantified the positive effect of manure application and high-residue cover crops on soil quality and potato yield for the province of Prince Edward Island.

scholarly journals 201 ALTERNATIVE WEED CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR STRAWBERRIES IN THE ESTABLISHMENT YEAR

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 458a-458
Author(s):  
Charlotte Herman ◽  
Emily Hoover
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
First Year ◽  
Strawberry Plant ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Alternative Weed Control

The objective of our study was to establish first year strawberry plantings without using herbicides. `Honeyoye' transplants were set into plots measuring 6.1m × 7.32m on 21 May, 1993. Four treatments were established: winter wheat, a dwarf Brassica sp., napropamide (2.24kg/h), and no weed management. After the strawberry plants, cover crops (and some weeds) were fairly well established, (18 June) 6 week-old African “weeder” geese were put into half of each plot to graze. Weekly data was taken on the percentage of soil area covered with plant material, height and stage of development of plants, and weeds present. A weed transect was done in 6 July. Plant material was collected from each plot on 26 July and 16 Sept. in a 0.2m2 area, and dried. The most promising cover crop treatment was the dwarf Brassica for early season weed control. However, the herbicide treatment with no geese produced the best strawberry plant growth.

scholarly journals Selectivity of pre-emergence herbicides in potato cv. Innovator

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Magno Q Luz ◽  
Luciano F Fonseca ◽  
Ivaniele N Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Commelina Benghalensis ◽  
Potato Yields ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Solids Content

ABSTRACT Herbicide tolerance differs among potato cultivars. Thus, pre-emergence herbicides in potatoes need to be studied. We evaluated weed control, selectivity and potato yield of cv. Innovator with the herbicides clomazone, metribuzin and linuron. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. One experiment was installed in 2014 (experiment 1, 5 treatments) and another in 2015 (experiment 2, 7 treatments), irrigated by central pivot in Perdizes-MG, Brazil. In experiment 1 treatments consisted of a control (T1), a hoed control (T2), clomazone (360 g ha-1) (T3), metribuzin (480 g ha-1) (T4), and linuron (990 g ha-1) (T5). The treatments in experiment 2 repeated those in experiment 1 (T1 to T5) and added clomazone + metribuzin (360 + 480 g ha-1)) (T6), and clomazone + linuron (360 + 990 g ha-1) (T7). We determined the number of stems per meter, length of longest stems, phytotoxicity, weed control, soluble solids content (%), yield and classification of tubers. The herbicides, either by themselves or in combination with another herbicide, provided 100% control of Eleusine indica and Digitaria horizontalis. Clomazone by itself or in combination with metribuzin or linuron provided the best control of Commelina benghalensis. Plots treated with clomazone presented phytotoxicity symptoms at 10 days after emergence (DAE); however, the plants recovered from these symptoms at 30 DAE. Metribuzin reduced soluble solids content, which affects industrial yield. The herbicides significantly influenced potato yield. In, 2014, the greatest “total” yields were observed in treatments with linuron (34.48 g ha-1) while the greatest “special” potato yields were achieved with clomazone (20.21 g ha-1) and linuron (21.13 g ha-1). In 2015, the greatest “total” yields were observed in treatments with clomazone [“special” (20.98 t ha-1) and “total” (35.11 t ha-1)] and metribuzin [“special” (20.85 t ha-1) and “total” (35.45 g ha-1)] followed by clomazone+linuron (30.95 g ha-1). Therefore, while metribuzin and linuron controlled Eleusine indica and Digitaria horizontalis, they may also reduce potato quality. Clomazone may be an option for controlling Eleusine indica, Digitaria horizontalis and Commelina benghalensis without affecting potato yield and soluble solids content.

Banded herbicides and cultivation for weed control in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.)

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry A. Ivany
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Wild Radish ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Ground Crack ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
Potato Yields ◽  
Weeds Control

Increasing costs of production have resulted in intensified efforts to reduce the amount of herbicides applied in potato production. This research evaluated the potential of applying herbicides in 30-cm-wide bands over the potato row in combination with cultivation between the potato rows to achieve weed control. At a moderate to high infestation of quackgrass and annual broadleaf weeds, control of quackgrass, corn spurry and wild radish was as effective with the banded herbicide + cultivation treatments as with the broadcast herbicide treatment. Potato marketable yields from the banded herbicide + cultivation treatments were comparable to the broadcast herbicide application treatment. A single cultivation at 21 d after planting (DAP) (at ground crack), 28 DAP (potatoes 5 to 10 cm tall) or 35 DAP (potatoes 10 to 15 cm tall) did not give adequate weed control, and potato yields were reduced by 30% or more at all times of cultivation compared to herbicide treatments. This study shows that acceptable weed control without effects on marketable yield is possible by using a 30-cm-wide herbicide band over the row followed by cultivation to remove weeds between the row. The amount of herbicide used per hectare with this technique is reduced by 66% compared to a broadcast herbicide application. Key words: Herbicide, potato, quackgrass, Elytrigia repens L. (Nevski), corn spurry (Spergula arvensis L.), wild radish (Raphanis raphanistrum L.), cultivation

Integration of cover crops into no-till and ridge-till wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) – corn (Zea mays L.) cropping sequence

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Swanton ◽  
K. Chandler ◽  
K. J. Janovicek
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Oilseed Radish ◽  
No Till

The use of underseeded red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) as a cover crop in winter wheat has been declining because of poor clover establishment during dry growing seasons, the lack of selective herbicides for weed control in clover, and the difficulty in using burn-down herbicides to remove the clover before planting no-till corn. During 1990–1992, we conducted on-farm trials on silt loam no-till and sandy ridge-till fields in southern Ontario to evaluate the establishment and growth of alternative stubble-seeded cover crops following wheat and their effects on subsequent weed and volunteer wheat growth. In general, oats (Avena sativa L.), oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) produced more biomass than the other stubble-seeded cover crops, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.), red clover, and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum L.). In comparison, winter-hardy underseeded hairy vetch and red clover produced the most biomass and provided better weed control; however, any reduction in herbicide use is offset by the need to burn down these cover crops. An evaluation of cover-crop effects on post-wheat-harvest weed growth was not possible because of sparse and variable weed growth, which occurred even in the absence of a cover crop. However, volunteer wheat biomass was inversely correlated with cover-crop biomass. At the no-till site, cover-crop response to straw baling and the subsequent effects on weed and volunteer wheat growth and corn performance also were evaluated. Straw baling had minimal effects on cover-crop growth; however, volunteer wheat growth doubled. No-till corn was not adversely affected by the amounts of residue present where cover crops were established the previous year. Importantly, reducing the amount of wheat straw by baling increased early-season growth rates and corn grain yield by 0.91 Mg ha−1. We conclude that alternative stubble-seeded cover crops, such as oats, barley and oilseed radish, are suitable for no-till corn. At present, cover crops augment weed management but are not a substitute for herbicides, as burn-down herbicides are required to remove existing weeds or winter-hardy cover crops. Key words: Underseeded, stubble seeded, baling, volunteer wheat

Compost as an Alternative Weed Control Method

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 938-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Ozores-Hampton
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Alternative Weed Control

Establishing white clover (Trifolium repens) as a living mulch: weed control and herbicide tolerance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Nicholas T. Basinger ◽  
Nicholas S. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Living Mulch ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Weed Emergence

Abstract With the increasing focus on herbicide-resistant weeds and the lack of introduction of new modes of action, many producers have turned to annual cover crops as a tool for reducing weed populations. Recent studies have suggested that perennial cover crops such as white clover could be used as living mulch. However, white clover is slow to establish and is susceptible to competition from winter weeds. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine clover tolerance and weed control in established stands of white clover to several herbicides. Studies were conducted in the fall and winter of 2018 to 2019 and 2019 to 2020 at the J. Phil Campbell Research and Education Center in Watkinsville, GA, and the Southeast Georgia Research and Education Center in Midville, GA. POST applications of imazethapyr, bentazon, or flumetsulam at low and high rates, or in combination with 2,4-D and 2,4-DB, were applied when clover reached 2 to 3 trifoliate stage. Six weeks after the initial POST application, a sequential application of bentazon and flumetsulam individually, and combinations of 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, and flumetsulam were applied over designated plots. Clover biomass was similar across all treatments except where it was reduced by sequential applications of 2,4-D + 2,4-DB + flumetsulam in the 2019 to 2020 season indicating that most treatments were safe for use on establishing living mulch clover. A single application of flumetsulam at the low rate or a single application of 2,4-D + 2,4-DB provided the greatest control of all weed species while minimizing clover injury when compared to the non-treated check. These herbicide options allow for control of problematic winter weeds during clover establishment, maximizing clover biomass and limiting canopy gaps that would allow for summer weed emergence.

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