The SRS Catalog of 20,488 Star Positions Culmination of an International Cooperative Effort

1990 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 457-463
Author(s):  
C. A. Smith ◽  
T. E. Corbin ◽  
J. A. Hughes ◽  
E. S. Jackson ◽  
E. V. Khrutskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Star ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Reduction Procedure ◽  
Cooperative Effort ◽  
International Effort ◽  
Present Discussion ◽  
Observational Material ◽  
Color Error ◽  
The Individual

A major international effort to observe and compile the results of observations from many transit circle programs into a single catalog of positions referred to the FK4 system came to a conclusion with the completion and distribution of the Southern Reference Star (SRS) catalog of 20,488 stars. Previous discussions focussed on the adjustments to the observational material to refer it to the FK4 system and on the random errors as estimated from residual differences. In the present discussion, we give the results of internal comparisons which have been made between the individual contributing catalogs and the final combined SRS catalog. Also, results of a comparison between the SRS catalog and the AGK3R catalog are given where they overlap in the declination zone from +5 to −5 degrees. The possibility of magnitude equation and color error in the SRS catalog is discussed.The reduction procedure used to transform the version of the SRS catalog based on the FK4/B1950.0 system to the version based on the FK5/J2000.0 system is given.

Polynomial Definiteness and Semidefiniteness

1970 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiou-Shiun Chen ◽  
Edwin Kinnen
Keyword(s):  
Quadratic Form ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Real Polynomial ◽  
Reduction Procedure ◽  
Sign Definiteness ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Variables ◽  
Engineering Stability

A reduction procedure is described for determining the sign definiteness and semidefiniteness of an mth order, n dimensional real polynomial. The higher order polynomial is reduced to a quadratic form in new variables such that conditions can be obtained on the coefficients of the individual terms of the original polynomial. The procedure presents sufficient conditions only. It has been found, however, to be a relatively systematic technique for engineering stability problems where alternate effective methods for determining sign definiteness are unknown.

Operationalizing Compassion in the VR Process

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
James M. Grover
Keyword(s):  
Case Management ◽  
Vocational Rehabilitation ◽  
Management System ◽  
Rehabilitation Counseling ◽  
Present Discussion ◽  
The Individual

Literature in recent years has defined a construct of Compassion (e.g., Goetz, Keltner, & Simon-Thomas, 2010), and acknowledged its application to fields of service for patients and clients (e.g., Halifax, 2011). The utility of its components has also been explored recently in the field of rehabilitation counseling, and Compassion training suggested as helpful to promoting effectiveness in the practice (Stuntzner, 2014). In the present discussion, it is suggested that subprocesses of the compassion construct, (a) “witnessing another’s suffering” that (b) “motivates a subsequent (c) desire to help,” are a natural fit for the evaluate-judge-respond (E-J-R) elements within the case management system of public vocational rehabilitation (VR). A view of collective, organizational compassion is also presented, that may be similarly considered a fit for the larger VR mission and case management system. In this larger context, organizational compassion may be seen as supporting compassion’s subprocesses as they function within VR’s operational elements. As parallels are evident, and benefits presented, implications of compassion’s cultivation are suggested for the individual VR counselor, as well as the VR organization as a whole.

Religionsfreiheit und Rechtsgüterschutz. Strafrechtliche Aspekte von Sekten

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-109
Author(s):  
Wilfried Bottke
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Present Discussion ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
The Law ◽  
Religious Sects ◽  
The Individual

AbstractReligious sects and their practices have become highly topical in the recent past in Germany. The call for criminal sanctions in order to tackle actual or presumed misconduct is becoming louder and louder. The author, a criminal law professor, analyses the present discussion and puts it into a constitutional law perspective. Any civil society that aims to optimise the scope of the personal freedoms of its members must withstand the temptation of creating a special regime of criminal law rules just to combat religious sects and their practices. Criminal law has tobe applied uniformly in the whole society. Therfore, criminal sanctions can only be handed out, when practices infringe intolerably with the individual' s rights protected by the law.

scholarly journals Calibration of Photometry from the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph on Gemini North

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Standard Star ◽  
Primary Mirror ◽  
Color Terms ◽  
User Community ◽  
Color Term ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Zero Points

AbstractAll available observations of photometric standard stars obtained with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph at Gemini North in the period from August 2001 to December 2003 have been used to establish the calibrations for photometry obtained with the instrument. The calibrations presented in this paper are based on significantly more photometric standard star observations than usually used by the individual users. Nightly photometric zero points as well as color terms are determined. The color terms are expected to be valid for all observations taken prior to UT 2004 November 21 at which time the Gemini North primary mirror was coated with silver instead of aluminium. While the nightly zero points are accurate to 0.02 mag or better (random errors), the accuracy of the calibrations is limited by systematic errors from so-called ‘sky concentration’, an effect seen in all focal reducer instruments. We conclude that an accuracy of 0.035 to 0.05 mag can be achieved by using calibrations derived in this paper. The color terms are strongest for very red objects, e.g. for objects with (r′ – z′) = 3.0 the resulting z′ magnitudes will be ≈0.35 mag too bright if the color term is ignored. The calibrations are of importance to the large Gemini user community with data obtained prior to UT 2004 November 21, as well as future users of achive data from this period in time.

scholarly journals Effects of systematic and random errors on the retrieval of particle microphysical properties from multiwavelength lidar measurements using inversion with regularization

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 3039-3054 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pérez-Ramírez ◽  
D. N. Whiteman ◽  
I. Veselovskii ◽  
A. Kolgotin ◽  
M. Korenskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Data ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Additive Property ◽  
Nasa Goddard Space ◽  
Microphysical Properties ◽  
Fine Mode ◽  
Systematic And Random Errors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Multiwavelength Lidar

Abstract. In this work we study the effects of systematic and random errors on the inversion of multiwavelength (MW) lidar data using the well-known regularization technique to obtain vertically resolved aerosol microphysical properties. The software implementation used here was developed at the Physics Instrumentation Center (PIC) in Troitsk (Russia) in conjunction with the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. Its applicability to Raman lidar systems based on backscattering measurements at three wavelengths (355, 532 and 1064 nm) and extinction measurements at two wavelengths (355 and 532 nm) has been demonstrated widely. The systematic error sensitivity is quantified by first determining the retrieved parameters for a given set of optical input data consistent with three different sets of aerosol physical parameters. Then each optical input is perturbed by varying amounts and the inversion is repeated. Using bimodal aerosol size distributions, we find a generally linear dependence of the retrieved errors in the microphysical properties on the induced systematic errors in the optical data. For the retrievals of effective radius, number/surface/volume concentrations and fine-mode radius and volume, we find that these results are not significantly affected by the range of the constraints used in inversions. But significant sensitivity was found to the allowed range of the imaginary part of the particle refractive index. Our results also indicate that there exists an additive property for the deviations induced by the biases present in the individual optical data. This property permits the results here to be used to predict deviations in retrieved parameters when multiple input optical data are biased simultaneously as well as to study the influence of random errors on the retrievals. The above results are applied to questions regarding lidar design, in particular for the spaceborne multiwavelength lidar under consideration for the upcoming ACE mission.

Systematic and Random Errors Associated with Johnston's Cephalometric Analysis

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Keeling ◽  
Sal R. Cabassa ◽  
Gregory J. King
Keyword(s):  
Random Error ◽  
Error Variance ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Base Change ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Angular Measure ◽  
Basal Bone ◽  
Systematic And Random Errors ◽  
The Individual

This study examined intra- and interexaminer systematic and random errors associated with Johnston's cephalometric method of assessing skeletal and dental changes from pairs of radiographs. Data were obtained from the tracings of radiographs of 30 mixed dentition subjects, who had been treated to correct a Class II malocclusion. Measurements included molar and incisor crown movements relative to basal bone, apical base change, maxillary and mandibular displacement relative to the cranial base, and total molar and overjet reduction. In addition, the change in axial inclination of the incisors and molars was determined. A paired t- test for each pair of replicates for each measure was performed to examine inter- and intra-examiner bias. Estimates of the random error, the coefficient of reliability, and confidence limits (95 per cent level) of a single determination were undertaken. No systematic errors occurred between/within examiners for any linear or angular measure. Interexaminer random errors, based on the standard deviation of the mean difference between replicates, were greater than intra-examiner random errors for 12 out of 13 parameters. Measures assessing molar correction and overjet reduction had the least amount of random error variance within and across judges, while changes in mandibular position had the greatest. Because considerable random errors occurred, the Johnston analysis when used to assess skeletal changes, as well as individual molar and incisor movements, may have limited utility in clinical practice for the individual case.

SET UP ERRORS AND RECOMMENDED SAFETY MARGINS IN THE PELVIC RADIOTHERAPY FIELDS OF CANCER CERVIX PATIENTS: AN INSTITUTIONAL EXPERIENCE

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitendra Nigam ◽  
Piyush Kumar ◽  
Uthya Balan
Keyword(s):  
Safety Margin ◽  
Conformal Radiotherapy ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Cancer Cervix ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Bony Landmarks ◽  
Safety Margins ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Individual

INTRODUCTION: Uncertainty exists in radiotherapy delivery due to daily patients set up errors resulting in a difference between planned and delivered dose. The conformal radiotherapy requires reduced margins around the clinical target volume (CTV) with respect to traditional radiotherapy technique and hence these positioning errors are accounted in CTV-PTV margin calculations. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the set up errors and find out the optimum safety margins for the anterior and lateral fields of pelvis in the patients of cancer cervix treated with 3DCRT by four field box technique. The secondary objective was to study the adequacy of safety margin using the dosimetric and volumetric DVH data. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Study was conducted on twenty one patients of cancer cervix. All patients were immobilsed by full body Vaclok cushions. The radiotherapy to whole pelvis was planned by four field (Anterio-posterior, Posterio-anterior and two laterals) box technique with shielding of corners using multieaf collimators in Varian CLINAC 2300C/D. Weekly EPID images were acquired with Varian aS500 for each patient and were compared with the DRR images using the Portal Vision (Version 7.3.10). The displacement of EPID image from the DRR image was measured by defining reproducible bony landmarks in directions- X (Left to right (LR)), Z (Superior to inferior (SI)) in Anterio-posterior field, and Y (Anterior to posterior (AP)) in lateral field. The systematic and random set up errors for individual and population were calculated. Then the adequate safety margins were calculated by Stroom’s formula. RESULTS: A total of 242 images (42 DRR images and 200 portal images) and 363 match points were evaluated. Set up errors were -7.9 to 8.1mm (LR), -7.3 to 7.3mm (AP) and -9.9 to 8.2mm (SI). The individual systematic errors ranged from -6.6 to 4.9mm (LR), -4.9 to 3.5mm (AP) and -6.3 to 6.5mm (SI) while the individual random errors ranged from 0.5 to 8.3mm (LR), 0.7 to 5.2mm (AP) and 1.1 to 4.6mm (SI). The adequate safety margins which ensures at least 95% of prescribed dose to 99% of the CTV calculated by using Stroom’s formula were 7.9mm (LR), 7.0mm (AP) and 9.1mm (SI). The effect of dose was calculated by simulating a plan by shifting the isocenter along the three axes, where each shift corresponds to the displacement. Dose received by 99% of CTV volume for treatment plans with and without shifts was 99.51±0.81 and 98.63±1.46 respectively. CONCLUSION: In this study, the effect of the systematic errors and the random errors on dose distribution shows that the safety margin of 1 cm appears to be adequate for all the patients.

Status and Problems of the International Reference Star Programs

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
F. P. Scott ◽  
J. L. Schombert
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental System ◽  
Reference Star ◽  
Cooperative Effort ◽  
International Reference ◽  
The World ◽  
Positional Astronomy

One of the major projects in positional astronomy now in progress is the cooperative effort of 18 transit circles throughout the world to relate the positions of 20,000 reference stars in each hemisphere of the sky to the fundamental system. It is intended that these reference stars will serve as intermediaries in concurrent photographic surveys to relate the positions of upwards of 300,000 stars to the 9th magnitude to the fundamental system.

Mise au point d'un tarif de cubage général pour les forêts québécoises : une approche pour mieux évaluer l'incertitude associée aux prévisions

2007 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 754-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Fortin ◽  
Josianne DeBlois ◽  
Sylvain Bernier ◽  
Georges Blais
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Sample Plot ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Basic Premise ◽  
Volume Assessment ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Cruise Line ◽  
The Individual

Merchantable volume assessment is of prime importance in forest management and for the estimation of wood production in Quebec Crown forests. Currently, this assessment is undertaken at the individual stem level according to a statistical model commonly identified as the Perron general stock table. This polynomial model is based on tree diameter at breast height and tree height. However, the mathematical model form and the method used to calibrate it do not enable a correct and detailed assessment of the uncertainty associated with volume assessments. This study describes a new model which, accounts for errors associated with the use of estimated height in volume forecasts and also limits the propogation of errors to sample plot and cruise line. Random effects have been specified in the model in order to take into account spatial correlation between observations made at the sample plot and cruise line level. Results indicate sample plot and cruise line random errors constitute components of model error, which individually range from 2 % to 4 % of volume assessment. Consequently, the basic premise that errors associated with volume assessment of individual stems are compensated by volume summations at the sample plot level is not valid. Key words: mixed model, random effect, error propagation, variance

African Merchants of the Gold Coast, 1860–1905—Dynamics of Indigenous Entrepreneurship

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond E. Dumett
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Group Affiliation ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cooperative Effort ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Crop Agriculture ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
Trading Networks

Entrepreneurship in Africa can be analyzed from a number of perspectives. One approach, undoubtedly the most popular among economic anthropologists and sociologists, has been to conduct group surveys of the attitudes and behavior of small-scale traders and market-stall operators against the background of specific urban or rural settings. These studies have emphasized the importance of religion, ethnic group affiliation, family or clan structure, specialization, and the development of long-distance trading networks through migration or diaspora. Another type of study pioneered by Polly Hill, and since taken up by other field economists and historians, has been to analyze the individual innovation, cooperative effort, and adaptation of traditional institutions involved in the development of export crop agriculture (groundnuts, cocoa, coffee) by small farmers in Africa.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document