Dorset Settlement Patterns in Newfoundland and Southeastern Hudson Bay

1976 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 119-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmer Harp
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Geographic Spread ◽  
Natural Tendency ◽  
Cultural Conservatism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Late Stages

The history of dorset eskimo archaeological research now spans a half-century and appears to be fully mature. At the outset, progress in this research was sporadic, but in the last two decades momentum has increased and we have achieved many significant clarifications of the general Dorset problem. These include a firm definition of Dorset people as true Eskimos, and further insights with respect to their temporal and geographic spread throughout the central and eastern Arctic, their localized adaptations to changing environments, and, as a persistent theme, their noteworthy cultural conservatism through time. This paper deals primarily with the middle and late stages of Dorset culture as seen in marginal settlements in western Newfoundland and southeastern Hudson Bay.In reviewing past investigations of Arctic prehistory, I have been struck by our substantive preoccupation with material culture, mainly with artifacts. That is quite natural because our powers of interpretation and reconstruction are circumscribed in well-known ways by the paucity of our field data, particularly so as we are dealing with the cultures of Arctic hunter-gatherers. Therefore, we should be forgiven a natural tendency to submerge in the warm realities of artifacts and the comforting procedures of mensuration and taxonomy. These are legitimate scientific concerns, and they may lead us toward useful statistical formulations, definitions of cultural parameters and complexes, and so on. However, to the extent that we think solely in such statistical and materialistic terms, the fundamental human nature of our quest may be diminished, if not lost altogether.

Ancient Tajikistan Studies in History, Archaeology and Culture (1980-1991)

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-304
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Ww Ii ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Written Sources

AbstractSystematic archaeological research began immediately after WW II with work on Iran Age monuments at Kala-i-mir, Boldai-tepe and Baidudasht IV. Of recently studied Hellenistic and post-Hellenistic monuments, the most important is Takhti-Sangin (thought to be the source of the Oxus treasure). More than 5000 votive objects have now been recovered from the temple here (now completely excavated and dated to the first quarter of the 1st c. B.C.). Excavations at Ai-Khanoum prove that the strength and persistence of Hellenic culture seen at the Oxus temple was not unique in Bactria, while a complex now being studied at Dushanbe pushes the range of Greco-Bactrian culture far further to the north than was hitherto thought. Investigation of burial monuments at Tup-khana testifies to the acceptance of Bactrian material culture by incoming nomad groups, whereas study of a Buddhist complex of the 3rd-4th c. A.D. at Ushurmullo shows its continued use down to the 7th-8th c. Ancient written sources on the history of Central Asia have been studied by I.V. Pyankov, whilst E.V. Zeimal has produced a description, classification and analysis of the coin series of the region. Finally, T.P. Kiyatkina has written a series of works on palaeo-anthropological material from Tajikistan and Turkmenia.

The Ceramics and Chronology of Cholula, Mexico

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey G. McCafferty
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
New World ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Late Classic ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Culture History ◽  
Early Postclassic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Middle Formative

AbstractChronology is a fundamental prerequisite for problem-oriented, anthropologically relevant archaeology. It is also the shaky foundation that has hampered attempts to reconstruct the culture history of Cholula, Mexico. Cholula is among the oldest continuously occupied urban centers of the New World, yet it remains one of the most enigmatic. This paper evaluates previous cultural sequences for the site, and summarizes recent evidence to construct a chronology using absolute dates and ceramic assemblages from primary depositional contexts. This revised sequence features a clearer understanding of Middle Formative settlement and the definition of ritual and domestic contexts from the Classic period. In addition, there is now evidence for a gradual transition between Late Classic and Early Postclassic material culture; and for the evolution of the Postclassic polychrome tradition within a sequence of short, clearly defined phases.

Rock art as a source of the history of prehistory (An account to promote the understanding of prehistoric rock art)

Abgadiyat ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-35
Author(s):  
Hamdi Abbas Ahmed Abd-EI-Moniem
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Remote Past

Abstract Some may believe that the history of mankind begins with the appearance of writing only a few several thousands of years ago (cf. 4000-3000 BCE). Our history, however, extends beyond that date millions of years. The history of mankind, indeed, is deeply rooted in the remote past which is called 'prehistory'. With the lacking of any form of writing, this 'prehistoric' period can be examined directly solely by recourse to the study of archaeological remains. The purpose of this account is to introduce rock art to the readers and show the significant role of this sort of archaeological material in studying the history of mankind before the appearance of written records. The current work, therefore, is divided into three main sections: the first deals with definition of rock art and its nature; the second section is devoted to showing the significance of this aspect of material culture in exploring a long and mysterious period of the early history of man characterized by the complete absence of written records or historical documents; the third and last section, which is a vital and integral part of this work, comprises an explanatory pictorial record to promote the understanding of prehistoric rock art as a source of information needed for writing the history of prehistory.

scholarly journals Podvodna/podmorska arheologija, arheologija pomorstva i arheologija broda: razmatranje terminoloških pitanja

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Radić Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Maritime Archaeology ◽  
Underwater Archaeology ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Nautical Archaeology ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
History Of ◽  
Proper Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Technical Terms

The objective of this paper is to review the history of terminology supporting the scientific disciplines of underwater/submarine, maritime and nautical archaeology within the framework of Croatian archaeology, and provide recommendations for future classifications. Underwater archaeology and submarine archaeology are generally accepted technical terms denoting archaeological research conducted under special conditions, and requiring appropriate equipment and tools. Proper definition of terms nautical and maritime archaeology makes it possible to differentiate between the tasks and objectives of the two disciplines and clarify their scientific contributions to archaeology in general, providing a much clearer perception of their content and meaning.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of traveller screening for emerging pathogens is shaped by epidemiology and natural history of infection

eLife ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katelyn M Gostic ◽  
Adam J Kucharski ◽  
James O Lloyd-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Risk Detection ◽  
Geographic Spread ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Late Stages

During outbreaks of high-consequence pathogens, airport screening programs have been deployed to curtail geographic spread of infection. The effectiveness of screening depends on several factors, including pathogen natural history and epidemiology, human behavior, and characteristics of the source epidemic. We developed a mathematical model to understand how these factors combine to influence screening outcomes. We analyzed screening programs for six emerging pathogens in the early and late stages of an epidemic. We show that the effectiveness of different screening tools depends strongly on pathogen natural history and epidemiological features, as well as human factors in implementation and compliance. For pathogens with longer incubation periods, exposure risk detection dominates in growing epidemics, while fever becomes a better target in stable or declining epidemics. For pathogens with short incubation, fever screening drives detection in any epidemic stage. However, even in the most optimistic scenario arrival screening will miss the majority of cases.

A Preliminary Definition of Archaeological Areas and Periods in Florida

1947 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Goggin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
The State ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Material Synthesis ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
Land Mass ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Archaeological Areas

The state of Florida is mainly a peninsula projecting some three hundred miles south of the continental North American land mass. This unique position has given the state a certain amount of isolation, as a result of which, and because of environmental factors, Florida has been able to participate in the Southeastern cultural picture and at the same time to develop characteristic local features.Although Florida has had a long history of archaeological research, with an impressive bibliography of descriptive material, synthesis has only recently been attempted. Some early attempts were made to divide the state into archaeological areas but none were of any significance until M. W. Stirling's recent four-fold division into the Gulf Coast, Glades, St. Johns, and Northern Highland areas. This division has been found, in general, to be useful, needing only greater refinement.

scholarly journals The Materials to the Porthmion Chronology

2019 ◽  
pp. 165-177
Author(s):  
Roman Stoyanov
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Cultural Revival ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Excavation Area

The Bosporus expedition of the Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences conducted a small archaeological research in the northwestern sector of Porthmion in 2002–2003. Two exploration trenches were laid on the excavation area. Archaeological assemblages of the trenches contain information on historical chronology of the settlement. The fire-destruction layer recorded in trench 1 marks the period of destabilization of Greek-barbarian relations in the region, probably connected with the activity of nomadic tribes during the early 5th c. BC. The foundations of the residential building identified in trench 2 refer to the 4th c. BC. This period was associated with the relatively calm reign of the Spartokids dynasty in the Bosporus. Traces of active building dating back to the early 2nd c. BC are associated with the period of the so-called Bosporus “cultural revival”, which took place against a background of stabilization in the region after the Sarmatian invasion.

scholarly journals INSKRIPSI HURUF ARAB DAN RAGAM HIAS PADA MASJID TUA AL-MUJAHIDIN KABUPATEN BONE SULAWESI SELATAN

Al-Qalam ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Muslihin Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
Cultural Character ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Data Field ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Islamic Society

<p>Archaeology is history; archaeological research cannot be separatedfrom the history, because history<br />reveals the story of material culture. The Old Mosque is part of a cultural thing that will describe the<br />history of the Islamic society and the reconstruction of the mosque building in accordance with local<br />cultural character of local genius in its time. The Old Mosque of al-Mujahidin Watampone is the oldest<br />and the first mosque of the royal heritage of Bone in Islam development era. The mosque has specific<br />stylistic and architecture that describes how the Islamic symbols interacted with local culture and art.<br />The strong influence of Islamic teachings was implicitly reflected in a wide variety of the mosque<br />ornaments. This research aims to reveal the decoration and Arabic inscriptions located in the<br />Old Mosque, to promote the history and archaeological traces of the Islamic kingdom of Bone, and to<br />recommend to the local government of Bone to make Qadi's cemetery as part of archeological history<br />of the kingdom Bone that deserve to be considered by the community and the Government of Bone as a<br />cultural heritage of the archipelago to be protected as Objects of Cultural guaranteed by Indonesian<br />Law Number 5 of 1992 about Objects of Cultural Property. The research methodology was a field<br />research with a survey which is descriptive, archaeological, historical, and explanative on the Old<br />Mosque al-Mujahidin, Watampone, Bone regency, South Sulawesi. The techniques of collecting data<br />in this study were: literature data, field data (archaeological assessment, observation, and interviews),<br />documentation and recording, surface surveys, and the withdrawal of sampling. This study also used<br />the architectural analysis on the mosque, i.e. morphological, technological, stylistic, and contextual<br />analysis.</p>

On Christianization and Grave-Finds

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almut Schülke
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Contextual Archaeology ◽  
Written Sources

There are hardly any written sources on Christianization in southwestern Germany during early Medieval times. From its beginning in the nineteenth century, archaeological research was concerned with the question of whether the interpretation of material culture is helpful in the study of Christianization. This article first deals with the history of research. It focuses on the question of how the main archaeological sources of Merovingian times – the Reihengräberfelder – were interpreted in terms of Christianization. Obviously several aspects were and still are the main focus of research: special objects with Christian symbols (brooches, belt buckles or the so-called Goldblattkreuze) are often vaguely interpreted as symbols of early Christianity or in some cases as a sign for the buried person being Christian. This results in the process of Christianization being dated to the seventh century. These explanations are influenced by a direct social-historical interpretation of the Reihengräberfelder. They are strongly influenced by the results of historical research. A basic discussion about the character and the significance of objects from graves in the context of debates about Christianization has not yet taken place. Thus, in the second part of the article, questions derived from contextual archaeology are raised which may enrich the discussion about the interpretation of Christianization on the basis of graves: what importance may objects with Christian symbols have, if considered in the context of their ritual deposition and their associated finds? Do the Medieval graves provide information about the world of the living at all? Or how is ideology manifested within them? Is it at all, therefore, possible to describe them as testimonies of a process of Christianization? The use of carefully chosen sociological, ethnographical or historical analogies is crucial for the future development of the discussion. Furthermore, it is important to view the topic from the perspective of two analogies: analogies of the archaeological context as well as of processes of Christianization.

Archaeology of the Métis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kisha Supernant
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Historical Archaeology ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Indigenous Identity ◽  
Use Of Space ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Research ◽  
Broad Understanding

This article reviews the history of Métis archaeological research in Canada. The Métis of Canada arose as a distinct Indigenous identity in the postcontact period and provide an interesting archaeological case study to explore how and why new cultures emerge. Previous research attempted to correlate patterns in material culture with Métis identity, particularly in terms of economy, use of space, and certain artifact types. New research has the potential to take a more nuanced approach to the process of identification among the Métis, to contribute to a broad understanding of ethnogenesis, and to do research that is relevant to the contemporary Métis community, as well as the discipline of historical archaeology.

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