scholarly journals The Demand and Supply of U.S. Agricultural Exports: The Case of Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tassos Haniotis ◽  
John Baffes ◽  
Glenn C. W. Ames
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Positive Sign ◽  
Export Demand ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Export Prices ◽  
Exogenous Shocks ◽  
Dynamic Framework ◽  
Stable Path

AbstractThe demand for and supply of U.S. wheat, corn, and soybean exports is specified in a dynamic framework. Obtained results indicate differences in the export behavior of each product. U.S. corn exports are elastic, while U.S. soybean exports exhibit an inelastic response. For wheat, the derived elasticity of export demand had a positive sign. Hypothesis testing validated the dynamic structure of the estimated models in all markets. Stability properties were confirmed in export markets of corn and soybeans, but results were inconclusive for the wheat market. Adjustment coefficients indicate that exports and export prices do not adjust immediately to their equilibrium levels. Multiplier impacts indicate a stable path of convergence for all markets, with minimal impact of exogenous shocks on wheat and corn exports and export prices. Soybean export prices exhibit a significant response to changes in domestic export capacity, but minimal response to other exogenous shocks.

The Australia India Proposed Free Trade Agreement and Trade in Agriculture: Opportunities and Challenges

2013 ◽  
pp. 167-197
Author(s):  
Shawkat Alam ◽  
Pundarik Mukhopadhya ◽  
Md. Rizwanul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Australian Economy

In 2007, Australia and India began a joint feasibility study to assess the prospect of an Australia-India Free Trade Agreement (FTA). Agriculture will be a crucial negotiation point in any such FTA. Agriculture is a key sector of the Australian economy, and an important and lucrative export, with more than half of the sector’s output exported. The scope of increased domestic demand in agriculture is limited for a significant segment of the sector. Therefore, sustained growth of the industry requires new export markets to be opened. This paper will analyse the prospects of boosting agricultural exports from Australia via the proposed FTA. This paper will assess the tariff and non-tariff barriers in agriculture in India and critically assess how an FTA could reduce these barriers. The benefits of increased liberalisation of agricultural trade in India will also be discussed to demonstrate the mutually beneficial opportunities that reduced trade barriers could provide.

scholarly journals The comparative advantages and the patterns export of vietnam agricultural product at integration context

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. first
Author(s):  
Huynh Ngoc Chuong ◽  
Dinh Thi Nguyet Anh ◽  
Nguyen Thi Phuong ◽  
Tran Cao Quy ◽  
Nguyen Quang Vinh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
The Government

The paper aims to identify agricultural produce with comparative advantages in addition to the structure of Vietnam's agricultural exports in the context of international trade integration in the period from 2000 to 2018. By using the Worldbank data (the SITC- revision 3), the indicators of the product structure analysis HHI and the revealed comparative advantage RCA indicated that given rapid commercial integration of Vietnam from 2000 to 2018, Vietnam only focused on limited key agricultural produce and neglect those with huge export potentials, though the structure of the export industry has been more diversity while that of export markets barely show changes. This implies that Vietnam is only focusing on certain markets and has not made good use of the trade agreements it has entered into to exploit the remaining markets. Through the research results, the authors believe that Vietnam has great room and opportunity in taking advantage of trade agreements, especially the EVFTA agreement (effective from August 1, 2020) to improve Vietnam's export capacity. Finally, through the research results and related references, the authors give 6 recommendations to the government and enterprises operating in the field of agricultural produce to maximize the export capacity of agricultural produce in particular and the export capacity of Vietnam in general.

scholarly journals Solar Geoengineering Governance: A Dynamic Framework of Farsighted Coalition Formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Heyen ◽  
Jere Lehtomaa
Keyword(s):  
Coalition Formation ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
International Governance ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Dynamic Framework ◽  
Solar Geoengineering ◽  
Strategic Incentives ◽  
Rules Of The Game ◽  
Climate Damages

Abstract Climate interventions with solar geoengineering could reduce climate damages if deployed in a globally coordinated regime. In the absence of such a regime, however, strategic incentives of single actors might result in detrimental outcomes. A well-known concern is that a "free-driver" (Weitzman 2015), the country with the strongest preference for cooling, might unilaterally set the global thermostat to its preferred level, thus imposing damages on others. Governance structures, i.e. more or less formal institutional arrangements between countries, could steer the decentralized geoengineering deployment towards the preferable global outcome. In this paper, we show that the coalition formation literature (an excellent summary is Ray & Vohra 2015) can make a valuable contribution to assessing the relative merit of different governance schemes. An important feature of the coalition formation literature is the sophisticated dynamic structure. A country pondering whether to leave a coalition anticipates that its departure could spark another process of disintegration among the remaining members of that coalition, which in turn may affect the assessment of whether leaving the coalition is worthwhile in the first place. This dynamic structure thus enables a more realistic picture of what coalitions are likely to form and remain stable. A second important feature of coalition formation models is wide control over the "rules of the game", for instance, which agents need to consent to a transition from one coalitional arrangement to another. This control over the institutional setting allows consistently comparing and discussing various international governance arrangements.

US actions raise agricultural trade costs globally

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Price Volatility ◽  
Commodity Price ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Commodity Price Volatility ◽  
Food Imports ◽  
The Eu

Significance US President Donald Trump last month targeted Canada’s supply management system for dairy, poultry and eggs as an example of unfair restrictions on agricultural exports to that country. Meanwhile, Canada, Mexico, China and the EU, the largest US farm export markets, are imposing retaliatory measures on key agricultural and food imports from the United States in response to US tariffs on steel, aluminium and Chinese manufactured goods. Impacts The tariffs will disrupt agricultural markets, trade and supply chains globally, and commodity price volatility will increase. Food security and price stability worries will rise and may spark a vicious circle of more restrictions and interventions by governments. Chinese retaliation is targeting US agricultural and processed food exports, affecting activity in ‘swing’ states ahead of the elections.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Lesser Developed Countries on Southern Region Agricultural Exports

1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary A. Marchant ◽  
Fred J. Ruppel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
Competition Index ◽  
The South ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Agricultural Exports

Lesser developed countries (LDCs) serve as both customers and competitors for agricultural commodities produced in the Southern region of the United States. This paper focuses on the impacts of LDCs on exports of the major agricultural commodities produced in the South (cotton, rice, tobacco, poultry, and, to a lesser extent, citrus and peanuts). First the importance of LDCs as export markets for Southern commodities is explored. Then the role LDCs play as producers and exporters of these commodities is considered. Finally, these separate roles are combined into an index of LDC competitiveness with Southern agricultural commodities. Data analysis shows that Southern agricultural interests truly are divided over the role LDCs play in Southern agriculture, where poultry and rice rank highest, and peanuts lowest, in terms of a LDC markets/competition index. Thus, it is not surprising that calls for protectionism (e.g., the Bumpers' Amendment) should arise from the South.

scholarly journals An Economic Rationale for the West African Scramble? The Commercial Transition and the Commodity Price Boom of 1835–1885

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewout Frankema ◽  
Jeffrey Williamson ◽  
Pieter Woltjer
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Commodity Price ◽  
West African ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Export Prices ◽  
Economic Rationale ◽  
Price Boom ◽  
Sub Saharan

We use a new trade dataset showing that nineteenth century sub-Saharan Africa experienced a terms of trade boom comparable to other parts of the “global periphery.” A sharp rise in export prices in the five decades before the scramble (1835–1885) was followed by an equally impressive decline during the colonial era. This study revises the view that the scramble for West Africa occurred when its major export markets were in decline and argues that the larger weight of West Africa in French imperial trade strengthened the rationale for French instead of British initiative in the conquest of the interior.

scholarly journals COMPETITIVENESS AND DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL OF INDONESIAN SAGO FLOUR EXPORT

Agric ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Andi Pangeran Rivai ◽  
Musran Munizu ◽  
Mahyuddin Mahyuddin
Keyword(s):  
Trade Balance ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Section Data ◽  
Chinese Markets ◽  
Balance Deficit

Export is one of the economic parameters of a country which can increase the country’s economy which must be maintained and increased in value. In the last ten years from 2010 to 2019, Indonesia’s export performance fluctuated and decreased, resulting in a trade balance deficit in 2012-2014 and 2018-2019. Based on the problem, Indonesia needs to make strategic efforts. One of the efforts that can be done is to develop agricultural exports. One of the products that has the potential to be developed is sago flour. This research analyzed the competitiveness and export potential of Indonesian sago flour. This study used secondary data which is panel data consisting of time series and cross section data. The methods used were the RCA, EPD, and X- Model. The results of the analysis using RCA and EPD concluded that Indonesian sago flour has strong competitiveness in the export market. Then the results of the X-model analysis show that sago flour exports have the potential for optimistic market development in the Philippine, Thailand and Chinese markets and the potential export markets are Japan, Malaysia, Hong kong, and Sri Lanka

scholarly journals Analisis Pengembangan Ekspor Kayu Manis Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Isro'iyatul Mubarokah
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Gross National Product ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Export Prices ◽  
Economic Distance ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract - Export is an important component in the economy of the country. The higher the country's export performance, the greater positive effect in increasing of economic growth. From 2012 to 2016, Indonesia's exports continued to decline. Considering these conditions, Indonesia needs to make a strategic effort to increase its export performance, of course. One of the efforts which can be done is conducting export development. As an agricultural country, one of potential commodities used to increase exports is cinnamon. This research will analyze the cinnamon export markets which are potentially to be developed. Moreover, this research will find out the factors that influence the export of these commodities. The methods used are RCA, EPD, X-Model, and Gravity. The result of analysis shows that cinnamon has optimistic markets to be developed in Malaysia, Canada, Netherlands, Brazil, the United States of America, and The Republic of Dominican. Meanwhile, the potential markets to be developed are the United Arab Emirates, Germany and Algeria. The factors affecting exports are gross national product per capita, population, export prices and economic distance. Keywords: EPD, Cinnamon, Gravity Model, Export Development, RCA Abstrak- Ekspor merupakan salah satu komponen penting dalam perekonomian negara. Semakin tinggi kinerja ekspor negara, semakin besar pula dampak positifnya terhadap peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Sejak tahun 2012 hingga 2016, ekspor indonesia terus mengalami penurunan. Melihat kondisi tersebut, tentunya Indonesia perlu melakukan upaya strategis untuk meningkatkan kembali kinerja ekspornya. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan pengembangan ekspor. Sebagai negara agraris, salah satu komoditas yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan ekspor adalah kayu manis. Penelitian ini akan menganalisis pasar ekspor kayu manis yang potensial untuk dikembangkan, serta mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ekspor komoditas tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode RCA, EPD, X-Model, dan Gravity. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pasar optimis untuk dikembangkan adalah Malaysia, Kanada, Belanda, Brazil, Amerika Serikat dan Republik Dominika. Sedangkan pasar yang potensial untuk dikembangkan adalah Uni Emirat Arab, Jerman dan Aljazair. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ekspor adalah produk nasional bruto per kapita, populasi, harga ekspor dan jarak ekonomi. Kata kunci : EPD, Kayu Manis, Model Gravity, Pengembangan Ekspor, RCA.

scholarly journals Exchange Rates, Foreign Income, and U. S. Agricultural Exports

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Shane ◽  
Terry Roe ◽  
Agapi Somwaru
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Directed Acyclic Graphs ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Export Demand ◽  
The Real ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Trade Partner ◽  
Carry Over

While it is generally accepted that change in the real value of the dollar is an important determinant of exports, it has not been rigorously demonstrated that this relationship, derivable from theory, holds empirically for agricultural exports and the components of agricultural exports. Starting with a dynamic maximizing framework, this paper estimates the real trade-weighted exchange rate and trade partner income effects on U. S. agricultural exports. For the period 1970–2006, a one percent annual increase in trade partners’ income is found to increase total agricultural exports by about 0. 75 percent, while a one percent appreciation of the dollar relative to trade partner trade-weighted currencies decreases total agricultural exports by about 0. 5 percent. While these effects carry over to 12 commodity subcategories, they are conditioned by differences between bulk and high value commodities, and differences in the export demand from high compared to low income countries. We use a directed acyclic graphs (DAG) technique to identify the inverted fork causal relationships from vector autoregression (VAR) models. We also find that there is an asymmetric exchange rate effect so that the negative effect of exchange rate appreciation on exports sometimes dominates the positive effect of foreign income growth.

Predictably Unpredictable: The Effects of Conflict Involvement on the Error Variance of Vote Models

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laron K. Williams ◽  
David J. Brule
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
International Conflict ◽  
Error Variance ◽  
Economic Voting ◽  
World War ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Exogenous Shocks ◽  
Voting Models

International conflict has profoundly influenced election outcomes in some cases, and in other cases has had a minimal impact. This article develops a theory that the increased salience of foreign policy issues following periods of international hostilities increases the variance of government parties’ vote shares. In elections following conflict, the ability to accurately predict election outcomes using traditional economic voting models is reduced. The article provides evidence from advanced democracies in the post-World War II era that being involved in international disputes increases the predictive error of vote shares. More substantively, vote choice models should model the role of exogenous shocks such as international conflict in order to avoid making misleading inferences. The study concludes by discussing the meaningful implications for various theories of voting behavior and international conflict.

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