Social gerontology in France: historical trends and recent developments

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIM OGG ◽  
CATHERINE GORGEON
Keyword(s):  
Early Retirement ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Social Gerontology ◽  
Disabled Elderly ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Life Course

Social gerontology, as a distinct discipline, has been slower to develop in France than in Anglo-Saxon countries. Gerontological discourses have been dominated by the medical and physical sciences. At the same time, France has a long tradition of research on ageing that incorporates important social dimensions, particularly in demographic and economic fields. Current developments include research on pensions and related issues such as early-retirement or older people in the labour force; inter-generational relations or family solidarity; disabled elderly people and caring; and ageing among ethnic minority populations. These developments point in the direction of co-ordinated, multi-disciplinary approaches to the life course and ageing in the future.

Social gerontology in Germany: historical trends and recent developments

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS SCHARF
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
German Language ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Social Gerontology ◽  
World Languages ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Behavioural Aspects

Mirroring the development in the social sciences as a whole, social gerontology has been characterised by an increasing internationalisation in recent years. While the English language remains the prime medium for communication, there is a rapidly expanding research literature published in other major world languages. This raises practical difficulties for researchers lacking the relevant linguistic skills to engage with the findings of research published in languages other than English. It is within this context that this Ageing Update addresses the current state of social gerontology in Germany. Drawing primarily upon sources published in the German language between 1997 and 2000, the article provides an overview of the historical development of research on social and behavioural aspects of ageing in Germany. It then proceeds to address some of the main themes and trends associated with what, by any measure, is a substantial amount of recent research. This analysis offers a basis for illustrating, in a short concluding section, the significant strengths and some areas of apparent weaknesses in the current state of German social gerontology.

Rural land and credit markets, the permanent income hypothesis and proto-industry: evidence from early modern Zurich

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
ULRICH PFISTER
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Permanent Income ◽  
Land Markets ◽  
Permanent Income Hypothesis ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Debt Contracting ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Empirical Material

ABSTRACTThe study documents fluctuations of proto-industrial income, of occupation, debt and presence on land markets across the life course for rural households in a major proto-industrial region during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. These fluctuations are interpreted on the basis that a major objective of households is to equalize their income across different stages of their development. The permanent income hypothesis is then extended to take into account land purchases and debt-contracting that result from the need to adjust land and capital to fluctuations in the size of the family labour force across the family cycle and from endeavours to improve the family's welfare by increasing the labour to land ratio. The empirical material presented shows marked fluctuations of income from proto-industrial work across the life course and suggests the existence of permanent income-cum-accumulation strategies to cope with these fluctuations.

scholarly journals Is social forecasting of the mobile world’s dynamics currently possible?

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-28
Author(s):  
Oleg N. Yanitsky
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Metabolic Analysis ◽  
International Projects ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Based on Soviet sociologists being able to predict the fall of the USSR in the mid 1980’s, the author of this article seeks to understand whether social forecasting is possible in our unstable and constantly changing modern world. Relying on the theoretical work of Russian and Western sociologists conducted in the 2000’s, including his own research and his participation in three international projects, the author of this article demonstrates that to this day a dichotomous approach prevails in prognostic studies. Such an approach to analysis is preferred by most Anglo-Saxon scientists who study globalization. The article also examines the theoretical-methodological trends being developed outside the boundaries of the aforementioned dichotomous analysis by researchers from third-world countries. For example, subject to analysis is the heuristic potential of analyzing modern globalization as a self-organizing “movement of the movements”, as well as the need for interdisciplinary and metabolic analysis. Special attention is devoted to changes on the micro-level, in other words, to the position and lifestyle of an individual under conditions of fluid modernization. The article is concluded by certain specific considerations on the author’s part concerning the type and nature of the theory and methodology, which allow for adequately analyzing and predicting the dynamics of our modern non-equilibrium and mobile world. Analyzed are the methodological contradictions between social and physical sciences in their ideas and approaches when it comes to criteria and methods for predicting the dynamics of the globalized world.

scholarly journals "If i had known our couple turned that way, i would not have stopped working" a biographical account of labour force participation and conjugal love

2013 ◽  
pp. 29-49
Author(s):  
Eric D. Widmer ◽  
Manuela Schicka ◽  
Michčle Ernst Stahli ◽  
Jean-Marie LeGoff ◽  
René Levy
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Evaluation Influence ◽  
Conjugal Love ◽  
Biographical Account ◽  
The Life Course

This study examines how the work trajectories of women and men after childbirth and their subjective evaluation influence conjugal love. Data are drawn from the study, «Social Stratification, Cohesion and Conflict in Contemporary Families» (Widmer et al., 2003). The results show that an interruption of labour force participation increases the risk of feeling less in love for women, especially if the interruption is perceived as a sacrifice. Women's feelings of love also depend on the way in which their male partners consider their own work trajectories. Men's feelings of love are much less sensitive to their own and their partners' work trajectories. The results are discussed within the life course perspective.

Social class and inequality in later life

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-40
Author(s):  
Chris Gilleard ◽  
Paul Higgs
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cumulative Advantage ◽  
Social Gerontology ◽  
The Life Course

This chapter begins with a consideration of models and theories concerning social class. It focuses upon the distinctions between relational and gradational models of class. It then explores how these different models seem to be articulated in later life and the model of cumulative advantage and disadvantage employed in much social gerontology. Following from such considerations, it explores both the connections and the disjunctions that exists between working and post working life. The chapter concludes with a consideration of how consumption and consumerism have grown in significance as markers of distinction and determinants of difference, not just in later life but throughout the life course.

scholarly journals Certainty and uncertainty in science: the subjectivistic concept of probability in physiology and medicine.

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (6) ◽  
pp. S113 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Jevning ◽  
R Anand ◽  
M Biedebach
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Probability Method ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Physical Probability ◽  
Degree Of Belief ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Probability And Statistics

Most physiological scientists have restricted understanding of probability as relative frequency in a large collection (for example, of atoms). Most appropriate for the relatively circumscribed problems of the physical sciences, this understanding of probability as a physical property has conveyed the widespread impression that the "proper" statistical "method" can eliminate uncertainty by determining the "correct" frequency or frequency distribution. However, many relatively recent developments in the theory of probability and decision making deny such exalted statistical ability. Proponents of Bayes's subjectivist theory, for example, assert that probability is "degree of belief," a more tentative idea than relative frequency or physical probability, even though degree of belief assessment may utilize frequency information. In the subjectivist view, probability and statistics are means of expressing a consistent opinion (a probability) to handle uncertainty but never means to eliminate it. In the physiological sciences the contrast between the two views is critical, because problems dealt with are generally more complex than those of physics, requiring judgments and decisions. We illustrate this in testing the efficacy of penicillin by showing how the physical probability method of "hypothesis testing" may contribute to the erroneous idea that science consists of "verified truths" or "conclusive evidence" and how this impression is avoided in subjectivist probability analysis.

scholarly journals FRAILTY AND PRECARITY: UNTANGLING THE CONCEPTUAL PATHWAYS OF NEED AND DISADVANTAGE IN LATE LIFE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S589-S589
Author(s):  
Amanda M Grenier
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Late Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Gerontology ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract The concepts of frailty and precarity circulate in social gerontology and studies of aging, with the former a dominant construct, and the latter emerging as a way of linking experiences, insecurities and risks. Although these concepts are used inter-changeably by some authors, their roots, key areas of focus and meanings differ. This paper considers the state of knowledge on frailty, and sets this against the uses of precarity. A After outlining a recent scoping review on precarity that revealed a high number of articles cross-referencing concepts of frailty and vulnerability. the paper distinguishes key aspects of frailty, vulnerability, and precarity. Situating qualitative experiences of each serves as a means to further explore similarities and differences. The paper concludes with reflections on what (if anything) each of these allied concepts may offer understandings of late life, and in particular, the study of disadvantage across the life course and into late life.

Socioeconomic Determinants of Early Retirement in Canada

1984 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lynn McDonald ◽  
Richard A. Wanner
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Retirement Status ◽  
Mobility Study

ABSTRACTIn view of the trend toward increasing early retirement observed in Canada since the 1960's, this study attempts to determine the main socioeconomic factors influencing the decision to retire before age 65 among Canadian men and women. Using data from the 1973 Canadian Mobility Study, we estimate a series of models in which retirement is measured as both the degree of involvement in the labour force and a subjective declaration of retirement status. We conclude that those Canadians who retire early tend to be single men and married women employed by others who are better educated and whose nonearned income is higher than those who retire at a later age. As anticipated, early retirement experiences are different for men and women, reflecting the more precarious position of women in the labour market.

Social dimensions of health across the life course: Narratives of Arab immigrant women ageing in Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. e12226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordana Salma ◽  
Norah Keating ◽  
Linda Ogilvie ◽  
Kathleen F. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
The Life Course
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