Womens in Ephigraphs of Gongu Nadu

Ephigraphs of Kongu Nadu has the Evidence of Women’s Contribution both from Royal Family and poverty-stricken family. Though the disparate regions of Kongu Nadu was ruled by various kings, the evidence of women’s contribution is found only in the Ephigraphs of Pandyas, Cheras, and Cholas. However, women Contribution was at peak during Chozha Period. Women of Royal Clan was provisioned with the ability and rights to maintain and rejuvenate Temples. Devaradiyarkal contributed Gold and coins which stands as a testimony to their social standard. It also reflects their Wealth. The wives of Government officials offered lands as part of their contribution. The evidence of contributions made by lay women could be traced only in the Epigraphs of 12th or 13th Century only. It is believed that women made their contribution with regard to God but the trace of evidence couldn’t be found anywhere. Further, the glimpses on women’s right to property and in addition, their freedom to use their property regardless of any exterior interventions were also been recorded.

Soportes neurales de las emociones: un acercamiento descriptivo

En este trabajo se presenta una revisión de las emociones desde los procesos cognoscitivos cerebrales, tomando en cuenta algunos estudios neurobiológicos experimentales. Se analizan los sistemas sensoriales, las reacciones fisiológicas del sistema nervioso central, y se evalúan los estímulos emocionales. Se evidencia que las expresiones subjetivas y las reacciones físicas de las emociones están condicionadas a los patrones sociales, costumbres familiares y principalmente a estereotipos morales de las personas. Entre las características observadas prevalecen las emociones auto sancionarías y las de empatía con el otro. Finalmente fue posible reconocer que la restricción de las emociones en las personas puede ocasionar conductas psicológicas que perjudican su relación con el entorno. Además, se producen conductas antisociales, falta de comprensión de los sentimientos ajenos, incumplimiento de las reglas, entre otras actividades y estándares sociales. This work presents a review of emotions from the cognitive processes of the brain, taking into account some experimental neurobiological studies. Sensory systems are analyzed, physiological reactions of the central nervous system, and emotional stimuli are evaluated. It is evidenced that subjective expressions and physical reactions of emotions are conditioned to social patterns, family customs and mainly to moral stereotypes of people. Among the observed characteristics, self-sanctioning emotions and those of empathy with the other prevail. Finally, it was possible to recognize that the restriction of emotions in people can cause psychological behaviors that damage their relationship with the environment. In addition, antisocial behaviors occur, lack of understanding of the feelings of others, breach of rules, among other activities and social standard.

The right to equal pay as a variety of socio-economic rights.

The article considers the right to fair pay in the context of socio-economic rights. International legal acts on the existence of provisions on fair remuneration are analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the fact that fair pay is part of the block of socio-economic rights, which are characterized by a significant number of valuation concepts. It is noted that wages are the most important social standard for society, while the social standard means scientifically sound and socially recognized levels of material, spiritual and social needs, the state of social processes necessary for the proper functioning and development of society.Emphasis is placed on the fact that despite the fact that there is a whole package of international legal documents that describe and normatively establish the general principles and conditions of formation, functioning and development of the welfare state, none of these acts has an unambiguous interpretation of what specifically in terms of the quality and quantity of social benefits provided by the state, the criterion of «fair wages ensures a decent standard of living» is met.It is noted that a serious problem in determining the «fair wage» is the weak development of models for deter-mining the level of human needs, as well as absolute independence, dependence of wage standards on other social norms established by the state.It is concluded that at the present stage of development of the market economy in Ukraine the priority tasks are the restoration and expanded reproduction of human potential; restoration of economic growth as a basis for increasing the welfare of workers; formation of a high-tech national reproductive system and a corresponding modern structure of high-quality labor force; overcoming the relations of alienation and exploitation, including through a significant increase in wages and the development of various systems of employee participation in profits and incomes; formation of cooperation mechanisms for development at both macro and micro levels. This requires the development and implementation of a national program to improve the quality and dignity of work, one of the most important parts of which is the institution of wages.

Assessment of Quality of Passenger Transportation in the City of Volzhsky in Conformity with the Requirements of the Social Standard

The article considers organisation of transportation services for passengers with public transport followed by their quality assessment in conformity with the requirements of the social standard. The objective of the article is to determine quality of passenger transportation by a municipal passenger enterprise with buses of large and medium capacity and by individual entrepreneurs carrying out transportation with minibuses. The article uses reporting materials on transportation of passengers by municipal and private carriers. To achieve the purpose, quality indicators of passenger transportation by public transport were calculated using the methodology of the social standard approved by the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation. The number of points for each indicator defined by the social standard for municipal carriers and individual entrepreneurs is determined, the results of relevant calculations are presented. The analysis of quality of passenger transportation services provided by municipal and private carriers was carried out. The quantitative characteristics of quality indicators values made it possible to determine the current state of passenger transportation services, identify shortcomings and make a forecast for improving quality of services. To improve quality of passenger transportation services, measures were proposed for bodies responsible for transportation and carriers.

Literature Survey on Islamic Microfinance

Islamic microfinance can be seen as an emerging industry in some Muslim countries like Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and MENA regions. It acts as a movement to eradicate poverty in the society and to help improve the social standard of the poor people. The concept of Islamic microfinance is similar to those implemented in conventional microfinance except for it adheres to several points and concepts which in line with the Shariah rulings. As a growing industry, Islamic microfinance does facing several challenges such as limited outreach in the market, lack of expertise in the industry, governance and management problems, and many more. Hence, this paper will discuss further the issues and challenges faced by Islamic microfinance institutions in selected Muslim countries. Plus, some suggestions are given at the end of this paper to solve these issues.

Estimates on poverty in Russia and the additional measures to reduce it at the regional level

Subject. This article deals with the issues of social justice and a high quality of life, creating favorable economic and social conditions. Objectives. The article aims to assess the rate and changes in poverty in Russia and the Republic of Bashkortostan and develop complementary measures to reduce it. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of logical, comparative, economic and statistical analyses, the results of sociological studies, and official statistics. Results. The article highlights additional measures to reduce poverty in the region, including the establishment of a minimum social standard of living in each particular region that determines the poverty rate. Conclusions. Various factors, such as economic sanctions, economic slowdowns, territorial and regional imbalances, lead to living standards decline and poverty rise.

How Social Comparison Affects the Self

Social comparisons have powerful effects on the self. They influence how people see themselves, how they feel about themselves, and how they behave. The selective accessibility model attributes these self-evaluative, affective, motivational, and behavioral consequences of social comparison to changes in the accessibility of self-knowledge. Comparing to a social standard changes what knowledge about the self is accessible, which, in turn, produces the variety of downstream comparison consequences. This chapter provides an overview of the selective accessibility model along with the pertinent empirical evidence.

The Socially Acceptable Consumption Basket

The Object of the Study. Quality of life of low-income population The Subject of the Study. Consumer basket of subsistence minimum as a social standard of quality of life of low-income population The Purpose of the Study. Development of the methodological basis for the formation of a socially acceptable consumer basket of the subsistence minimum. The Main Provisions of the Article. Currently, in Russia, the society faces large-scale tasks dictated by the taken course for breakthrough scientific, technological and socioeconomic development of the country, enshrined in the decree of the President of the Rossiyskaya Federatsiya No. 204 of 07.05.2018. The Designated national projects are aimed at qualitative changes in the living conditions of the population, the creation of conditions for increasing life expectancy, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, education of a harmoniously developed and socially responsible person, in particular. A large role is allotted to up-to date technology and highly qualified personnel, which implies the availability of human resources at the appropriate level. The achievement of these goals requires a new approach to the standards of quality of life of the population, which act as criteria and instruments of state social policy. The current methodology for determining the subsistence level is based on limited access to food, non-food products and services. Despite the fact that regular reviews of the consumer basket, carried out in accordance with Russian legislation, have brought some positive qualitative changes, the subsistence minimum can not act as a full-fledged social standard of quality of life. The transition from the normative approach to the definition of the consumer basket to the calculation approach, when only the minimum product set remained normative, has also had a negative impact since 2013. Today, we need a different, namely, socially acceptable current consumption standard, which would allow us to respond to the challenges of our time. The methodological basis of a socially acceptable consumer basket should be based on a normative approach to all its constituent sets – food, non-food goods and services. It should take into account domestic and foreign experience in the formation of regulatory consumer baskets for low-income population, the possibilities of the Russian consumer market of goods and services to meet the needs of the population, consumer behaviour and consumer expectations in a market economy.