Estimates and Correlates of Enumeration Completeness: Censuses and Maps in Nineteenth-Century Massachusetts

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caren A. Ginsberg
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
Analytical Issue ◽  
The Village ◽  
Types Of Error

Data quality is a central analytical issue in most studies of historical populations. There is often a need for data correction as well as for a careful consideration of the sources and types of error in data collection. Cross-identification of enumerated or registered events in independent sources often can be used as a check on data quality. This study investigates data quality of two sources by their enumeration comparability and in addition discusses some of the problems with such a comparison. The two sources compared are household listings of the United States manuscript federal censuses and independently prepared maps detailing property owners and the location of their property. The method employed estimates the correspondence of listings in each source based on the other and the combined enumeration correspondence of both sources. Further, this paper examines some of the village-level demographic and economic factors which may be associated with differences in the relative completeness of these sources.

Quality of Glucosamine Products: Is it a Potential Reason for Inconsistent Clinical Outcomes in Osteoarthritis?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chhavi Asthana ◽  
Gregory M Peterson ◽  
Madhur D Shastri ◽  
Rahul P Patel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
United States Pharmacopoeia ◽  
Potential Reason

Abstract Background Clinical studies have reported inconsistent outcomes of glucosamine therapy in osteoarthritis patients. One possible reason could be the use of glucosamine products of varying quality. Objective Hence, this study aimed to assess the quality of glucosamine products marketed in Australia and India. This is the first study to investigate both the content and dissolution profiles of glucosamine products. Method The content and dissolution analysis of Australian (n = 25 brands) and Indian (n = 21 brands) glucosamine products was performed according to the criteria specified in the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP). Results The quality analysis revealed that 16% and 18% of Australian brands, as well as 24% and 19% of Indian brands, did not fulfil the USP content and dissolution criteria, respectively. In approximately half of these cases, the glucosamine content was only slightly below (<3%) that specified by the USP and dissolution was achieved within 15 min after the duration specified by the USP. Conclusions The majority of the brands did meet both the content and dissolution analysis criteria of the USP. The extent of deviation from the specified criteria for the other brands was probably insufficient to account for the significant variability in clinical effects. Hence, the study proposed that inter-patient pharmacokinetic variations in glucosamine could be another potential reason for inconsistent therapeutic effects. Highlights

scholarly journals STRATEGIC BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT AND CLIENT PROSPECTING IN THE THIRD-PARTY APARTMENT MANAGEMENT INDUSTRY

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin C. READ ◽  
Rosemary Carruci GOSS ◽  
Erin HOPKINS
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
The United States ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Strategic Fit ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
New Business ◽  
Systematic Behaviour

Intensifying competition and increasing market demands are forcing many third-party apartment management firms to re-evaluate their approach to business development and client prospecting. In some instances, these companies are becoming more selective about both the assignments they take on and the property owners with whom they work. Careful consideration is frequently given to a number of factors to determine if new business opportunities are a good strategic fit. This paper examines how sophisticated fee management firms make such determinations by examining the perspectives of executives representing 25 of the largest multifamily operators in the United States. The results indicate heavy reliance on relational approaches to business development, limited long-range planning, and informal channels of communication often encourage fee managers to pursue new business in an ad hoc manner despite market conditions favouring more systematic behaviour. A series of best practices are put forth to address these concerns.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Granular and Membrane Filters for Rainwater Treatment

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celimar Azambuja Teixeira ◽  
Enedir Ghisi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Council ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Membrane Filters ◽  
Surface Water Bodies

The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of rainwater treatment using two types of filters: one with filtration materials (gravel, sand, and anthracite) and the other employing membranes. In both cases, the quality of the rainwater after passing through the filter met the standards required by NBR 15527:2007 (Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT)) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for non-potable uses according to the parameters pH, temperature, turbidity, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, alkalinity, and calcium hardness. The results obtained were also compared with Directive 2914/2011 of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, which deals with water potability, and with Resolution 357/2005 of CONAMA (Brazilian National Council for the Environment), which is applied to surface water bodies, especially rivers, and establishes the possibility of direct contact of the water with human skin. It was concluded that the rainwater obtained from both filters could be used for non-potable uses, such as toilet flushing, garden irrigation, and sidewalk cleaning, as well as for direct-contact activities, such as bathing and washing clothes.

The African Derivation of Black Fraternal Orders in the United States

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty M. Kuyk
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
The United States ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Fraternal Organizations ◽  
Key Phrases

At the turn of the century, when lynching, Jim Crow laws, and disfranchisement were at their worst, black fraternal organizations offered Afro-Americans a place to preserve their self-respect. Scholars have studied these organizations little and understood them less. One early study dismissed them as merely parodying white organizations, but hardly resembling them, while the blacks, it claimed, exaggerated both regalia and ritual. When Noel Gist published his Study of Fraternalism in the United States, Carter Woodson charged that Gist failed to understand the importance of fraternal orders to blacks and that, indeed, Gist barely mentioned the black orders. After a detailed analysis, W. E. B. DuBois found that even black and white orders that shared a name might not resemble one another. He found similarities only in Pythians, Odd Fellows, and Masons. He thought the other black societies were “Negro inventions” and “curious and instructive” organizations. “Invention,” “curious,” “exaggeration,” “parody,” “importance to blacks”—these are the key phrases. All attempt to describe an amorphous quality of black fraternal orders that makes them unique. Yet while failing to define that quality, its would-be describers avoid the issue.

scholarly journals Then and now: evolving community in the context of a retirement village

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIRIAM BERNARD ◽  
JENNIFER LIDDLE ◽  
BERNADETTE BARTLAM ◽  
THOMAS SCHARF ◽  
JULIUS SIM
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Retirement Communities ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Retirement Village ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
The Village ◽  
Practice Literature ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTThere is currently much debate in the United Kingdom policy and practice literature about how best to respond to the care and accommodation needs of people as they retire and grow older. Against a policy background which espouses the benefits of ‘lifetime homes and lifetime neighbourhoods’, the growth of purpose-built segregated retirement villages looks somewhat contradictory and is set to transform the housing scene. Whilst there has been considerable research into these environments in countries like the United States of America and Australia, we know comparatively little about what it is like to live in British retirement communities, how they evolve over time and whether they enhance people's lifestyle aspirations and quality of life. This paper examines these issues through the lens of ‘community’ and in the context of Denham Garden Village: a purpose-built retirement village in Buckinghamshire. Drawing on a range of qualitative data (from individual and group interviews, diaries and directives), we focus on how ‘community’ was conceptualised, experienced and understood both ‘then’ (in the early days of the village) and ‘now’ (subsequent to its redevelopment). The findings enable us to examine the extent to which ‘community’ evolves over time and raise important questions about how socially cohesive, or not, such retirement villages are.

Answers to Fallacies on the Decimal Question: Balance of Trade, Exchanges, and Common Coins

1855 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-309
Author(s):  
William Brown
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Face ◽  
Balance Of Trade ◽  
Fine Gold

Let us suppose France and the United States to enter into a convention with us to issue pieces of gold of the same weight and fineness as our sovereign—that is, containing 113 grains of fine gold; the three countries would then have a common standard of gold money. Let us examine whether, in the face of the operations of commerce, the international quality of value of these coins could at all times be maintained. The temporary balance of trade is always fluctuating in favour of one or the other country; a permanent balance against any country is impossible.

scholarly journals Data Quality Evaluation of Sentinel-1 and GF-3 SAR for Wind Field Inversion

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3723
Author(s):  
Yong Wan ◽  
Sheng Guo ◽  
Ligang Li ◽  
Xiaojun Qu ◽  
Yongshou Dai
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Wind Field ◽  
The United States ◽  
Band Model ◽  
East And West ◽  
Sar Data ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Field Inversion

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an important means to observe the sea surface wind field. Sentinel-1 and GF-3 are located on orbit SAR satellites, but the SAR data quality of these two satellites has not been evaluated and compared at present. This paper mainly studies the data quality of Sentinel-1 and GF-3 SAR satellites used in wind field inversion. In this study, Sentinel-1 SAR data and GF-3 SAR data located in Malacca Strait, Hormuz Strait and the east and west coasts of the United States are selected to invert wind fields using the C-band model 5.N (CMOD5.N). Compared with reanalysis data called ERA5, the root mean squared error (RMSE) of the Sentinel-1 inversion results is 1.66 m/s, 1.37 m/s and 1.49 m/s in three intervals of 0~5 m/s, 5~10 m/s and above 10 m/s, respectively; the RMSE of GF-3 inversion results is 1.63 m/s, 1.45 m/s and 1.87 m/s in three intervals of 0~5 m/s, 5~10 m/s and above 10 m/s, respectively. Based on the data of Sentinel-1 and GF-3 located on the east and west coasts of the United States, CMOD5.N is used to invert the wind field. Compared with the buoy data, the RMSE of the Sentinel-1 inversion results is 1.20 m/s, and the RMSE of the GF-3 inversion results is 1.48 m/s. The results show that both Sentinel-1 SAR data and GF-3 SAR data are suitable for wind field inversion, but the wind field inverted by Sentinel-1 SAR data is slightly better than GF-3 SAR data. When applied to wind field inversion, the data quality of Sentinel-1 SAR is slightly better than the data quality of GF-3 SAR. The SAR data quality of GF-3 has achieved a world-leading level.

scholarly journals Mortality of Centenarians in the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Bert Kestenbaum
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Main Part ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Historical Series

AbstractIn the United States, we have not yet reached the point where unedited numerators and denominators for death rates or probabilities are of satisfactory quality for measuring the mortality of centenarians. Ignoring this reality can lead to an estimation of extreme-age mortality which is unacceptable, as is the case for the NCHS’ Data Brief no. 233. Even the better-quality data from the Medicare health insurance program are beset by problems of (1) unreported or unrecorded deaths and (2) date of birth misstatement. On the other hand, there are steps that can be taken to improve the quality of the underlying data, so that the threshold age at which a mathematical model replaces actual data and closes out the life table is pushed further out.The paper begins with a description of the unacceptable results published in Data Brief no. 233 and a critical examination of their sources. The main part of the paper presents some steps to improve the quality of the Medicare enrollment counts. By rearranging the historical series on Medicare enrollment by cohort, it is possible to eliminate unreported and unrecorded deaths. A simple model is then introduced to deal with date of birth misstatement.

Measuring and Diffusing Data Quality in a Peer-to-Peer Architecture

2009 ◽  
pp. 261-287
Author(s):  
Diego Milano
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Data Replication ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Xml Data ◽  
Cooperative Information Systems ◽  
Strict Requirement

Data quality is a complex concept defined by various dimensions such as accuracy, currency, completeness, and consistency (Wang & Strong, 1996). Recent research has highlighted the importance of data quality issues in various contexts. In particular, in some specific environments characterized by extensive data replication high quality of data is a strict requirement. Among such environments, this article focuses on Cooperative Information Systems. Cooperative information systems (CISs) are all distributed and heterogeneous information systems that cooperate by sharing information, constraints, and goals (Mylopoulos & Papazoglou, 1997). Quality of data is a necessary requirement for a CIS. Indeed, a system in the CIS will not easily exchange data with another system without knowledge of the quality of data provided by the other system, thus resulting in a reduced cooperation. Also, when the quality of exchanged data is poor, there is a progressive deterioration of the overall data quality in the CIS. On the other hand, the high degree of data replication that characterizes a CIS can be exploited for improving data quality, as different copies of the same data may be compared in order to detect quality problems and possibly solve them. In Scannapieco, Virgillito, Marchetti, Mecella, and Baldoni (2004) and Mecella et al. (2003), the DaQuinCIS architecture is described as an architecture managing data quality in cooperative contexts, in order to avoid the spread of low-quality data and to exploit data replication for the improvement of the overall quality of cooperative data. In this article we will describe the design of a component of our system named as, quality factory. The quality factory has the purpose of evaluating quality of XML data sources of the cooperative system. While the need for such a component had been previously identified, this article first presents the design of the quality factory and proposes an overall methodology to evaluate the quality of XML data sources. Quality values measured by the quality factory are used by the data quality broker. The data quality broker has two main functionalities: 1) quality brokering that allows users to select data in the CIS according to their quality; 2) quality improvement that diffuses best quality copies of data in the CIS.

Web Surveys by Smartphones and Tablets

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 542-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Tourangeau ◽  
Hanyu Sun ◽  
Ting Yan ◽  
Aaron Maitland ◽  
Gonzalo Rivero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Web Surveys ◽  
Laptop Computer ◽  
First Time ◽  
Completion Times

Does completing a web survey on a smartphone or tablet computer reduce the quality of the data obtained compared to completing the survey on a laptop computer? This is an important question, since a growing proportion of web surveys are done on smartphones and tablets. Several earlier studies have attempted to gauge the effects of the switch from personal computers to mobile devices on data quality. We carried out a field experiment in eight counties around the United States that compared responses obtained by smartphones, tablets, and laptop computers. We examined a range of data quality measures including completion times, rates of missing data, straightlining, and the reliability and validity of scale responses. A unique feature of our study design is that it minimized selection effects; we provided the randomly determined device on which respondents completed the survey after they agreed to take part. As a result, respondents may have been using a device (e.g., a smartphone) for the first time. However, like many of the prior studies examining mobile devices, we find few effects of the type of device on data quality.

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