Lousy Jobs, Invisible Unions: The Mexican Retail Sector in the Age of Globalization

2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Tilly ◽  
José Luis Álvarez Galván
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Union Coverage ◽  
Dominant Retailer ◽  
Retail Workers

Globalization and modernization transformed the Mexican retail sector over the last two decades. One result is that Wal-Mart has become Mexico's dominant retailer. Another is the poor quality of jobs in the Mexican retail sector. Drawing on a variety of data sources, we review changes and current patterns in the characteristics and quality of retail jobs in Mexico. Retail jobs are worse than the Mexican average. Union coverage is widespread but offers little benefit to workers. Unlike the case in the United States, Wal-Mart offers unionized jobs very similar in quality to those of other retailers; indeed, in general we find little difference between the jobs of global and domestic Mexican retailers. Globalization and modernization have left Mexican retail workers with lousy jobs and invisible unions.

scholarly journals Defending Listeners' Rights: Labour and Media Reform in Postwar America

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ann Fones-Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Corporate Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Postwar America ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Media Reform

Abstract: Historians have paid relatively little attention to labour’s involvement in radio reform in the United States. Unions criticized the poor quality of programming and the lack of public service. They were also concerned about corporate control of radio and particularly about labour’s lack of access. After briefly examining organized labour’s initial efforts to reform radio, this paper focuses on the key role unions played in the postwar media reform movement, which advocated a “listeners’ rights” approach to broadcasting. This concept, along with a commitment to localism, diversity, and community involvement, was among the key ideas championed by media reformers in postwar America. Résumé : Les historiens ont porté peu d’attention à l’implication de la main-d’œuvre dans la réforme de la radio aux États-Unis. Les syndicats à cette époque critiquaient la mauvaise qualité de la programmation et le manque de service au public. Ils se souciaient du contrôle que les entreprises exerçaient sur la radio, particulièrement le manque d’accès à la radio que ce contrôle leur imposait. Cet article, après un bref examen des efforts initiaux de la main-d’œuvre pour réformer la radio, se concentre sur le rôle clé joué par les syndicats dans le mouvement de réforme des médias pendant l’après-guerre ; ceux-ci prônaient une approche de la radiodiffusion qui privilégiait les « droits des auditeurs ». En plus de ce concept, les notions d’engagement vis-à-vis de la localité, la diversité et la participation de la communauté comptaient parmi les idées clés appuyées par les réformateurs des médias dans l’après-guerre aux États-Unis.

The Impact of Universal Suffrage: A Comparison of Popular and Property Voting

1967 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1078-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth N. Vines ◽  
Henry Robert Glick
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Democratic Institutions ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Crucial Element ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Universal Suffrage ◽  
The Impact

The attainment of universal suffrage over various forms of voting restrictions has been one of the major accomplishments in the development of modern democratic institutions. Struggles for the vote have had to overcome restrictions based on factors such as sex, race and tenure of property. While gaps in the exercise of the franchise still remain, formal restrictions on voting in the United States have been largely removed.However, an important question, largely uninvestigated, concerns the “costs” of the universal franchise in terms of the quality of government and its impact upon policy decisions. Do the disadvantages of universal suffrage offset advantages said to be gained, particularly in Western nations, such as increased legitimization of decisions and stability of regimes? Many of the past and present opponents of the extension of voting have argued that the poor results to be expected from the impact of universal suffrage far outweigh the advantages. Clearly, the problem of “costs” is important, for it is a crucial element in the argument over democracy and the vote.

Knee Pain and the Use of Various Types of Footwear—A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 952-964
Author(s):  
Morad Chughtai ◽  
Jared Newman ◽  
Samuel Akil ◽  
Anton Khlopas ◽  
Assem Sultan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
United States ◽  
Knee Pain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Chronic Knee Pain ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Positive Results

AbstractKnee pain is a highly prevalent condition in the United States with multiple etiologies, with two of the most common sources being osteoarthritis (OA) and patellofemoral pain (PFP). These conditions can lead to reduced physical function and a poor quality of life. Various modalities have been used to decrease the amount of knee pain that individuals' experience; however, they are not always successful and can be expensive. Several studies have reported on specialized footwear for symptomatic alleviation of conditions that affect the knee, this is because it has been theorized that certain footwear can alter the forces placed by muscles on lower-extremity joints, and can potentially alleviate pain by reducing the load placed on the joint. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review the current literature on the use of various types of footwear used in patients who suffer from knee pain. Specifically, we evaluated: (1) knee OA and (2) PFP and the effect that different footwear has on patients' symptoms. Multiple different types of footwear and orthosis were utilized to treat patients with chronic knee pain. However, the results from reported outcomes by different studies are conflicting, which warrant further studies. Nevertheless, there are enough positive results to view this as a potential major modality to utilize for the treatment of knee OA.

Cancer of the Larynx

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew F. Olshan ◽  
Mia Hashibe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Laryngeal Cancer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Laryngeal Function ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Cancer of the larynx can affect the glottis, supraglottis, subglottis, and laryngeal cartilage. Traditional treatments for laryngeal cancer caused significant disfigurement, difficulty with swallowing and speech, and poor quality of life. Newer treatment methods seek to preserve laryngeal function. Worldwide, an estimated 157,000 new cases and 83,000 deaths from laryngeal cancer occurred in 2012, accounting for 1.1% of all new cancer cases and 1.0% of all cancer deaths. The risk of cancer of the larynx is nearly five times higher in men than women in the United States. Incidence and mortality rates of these cancers in males are decreasing in most high-income countries; this decrease is seen in all racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Active cigarette smoking is the strongest risk factor and explains the greatest proportion of cases. All tobacco products are strongly associated with increased risk, especially when combined with alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals Economic Burden and poor quality of life Associated With Acromegaly in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. A59 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Liu ◽  
Y. Xu ◽  
J. Sisco ◽  
S.M. Begelman ◽  
L. Shi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
United States ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Quality

Collaborative Study of Speaker Identification by the Voiceprint Method

1975 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-456
Author(s):  
Lonnie L Smrkovski
Keyword(s):  
Speaker Identification ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Positive Identification ◽  
Unknown Sample ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Made In

Abstract In the voiceprint method known and unknown voices are compared to determine if they are the same speaker. An unknown voice is recorded over the telephone onto a quality recorder. The known voice is similarly recorded, repeating the questioned message verbatim. An examiner determines, by means of acoustic spectrography and aural analysis, the similarities or differences existing between the known and unknown speakers. A positive conclusion is based on at least 10 pairs of like sounds. Five decisions are available for the examiner to make: positive identification, positive elimination, probable identification, probable elimination, and unable to make a decision with the sample submitted. Seven collaborators, chosen from various parts of the United States, were given recordings of 4 unknown speakers, 2 male and 2 female, to compare with similar recordings of 6 known speakers, 3 male and 3 female. A total of 21 positive identifications and 63 positive eliminations was possible. Twenty correct identifications and 47 correct positive eliminations were made. In 16 tasks, all involving the same unknown sample, collaborators reported they could not make a determination due to the poor quality of the sample. No false identifications were made; however, a trainee examiner, with less than 2 years experience, eliminated a known speaker when in fact a match did exist, thereby falsely eliminating the speaker. Examiners with more than 2 years of experience correctly identified all existing matches. This study indicates that a trained examiner can make very reliable decisions, using the aural and visual methods of comparing known and unknown voices. The voiceprint method has been adopted as official first action.

An experience of performing spirometry by trained general practitioners

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
M. A. Pokhaznikova ◽  
E. A. Andreeva ◽  
O. Yu. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioners ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Study Research ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Quality Of Research ◽  
Forced Expiratory Maneuver ◽  
Maximal Effort

The article discusses the experience of teaching and conducting spirometry of general practitioners as part of the RESPECT study (RESearch on the PrEvalence and the diagnosis of COPD and its Tobacco-related aetiology). A total of 33 trained in spirometry general practitioners performed a study of 3119 patients. Quality criteria met 84.1% of spirometric studies. The analysis of the most common mistakes made by doctors during the forced expiratory maneuver is included. The most frequent errors were expiration exhalation of less than 6s (54%), non-maximal effort throughout the test and lack of reproducibility (11.3%). Independent predictors of poor spirogram quality were male gender, obstruction (FEV1 /FVC<0.7), and the center where the study was performed. The number of good-quality spirograms ranged from 96.1% (95% CI 83.2–110.4) to 59.8% (95% CI 49.6–71.4) depending on the center. Subsequently, an analysis of the reasons behind the poor quality of research in individual centers was conducted and the identified shortcomings were eliminated. The poor quality of the spirograms was associated either with the errors of the doctors who undertook the study or with the technical malfunctions of the spirometer.

Verán ustedes las chozas más humildes. El discurso de pobreza en la diplomacia pública cardenista dirigida a Estados Unidos

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-281
Author(s):  
Sylvia Dümmer Scheel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Deal ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
Lazaro Cardenas ◽  
The New Deal

El artículo analiza la diplomacia pública del gobierno de Lázaro Cárdenas centrándose en su opción por publicitar la pobreza nacional en el extranjero, especialmente en Estados Unidos. Se plantea que se trató de una estrategia inédita, que accedió a poner en riesgo el “prestigio nacional” con el fin de justificar ante la opinión pública estadounidense la necesidad de implementar las reformas contenidas en el Plan Sexenal. Aprovechando la inusual empatía hacia los pobres en tiempos del New Deal, se construyó una imagen específica de pobreza que fuera higiénica y redimible. Ésta, sin embargo, no generó consenso entre los mexicanos. This article analyzes the public diplomacy of the government of Lázaro Cárdenas, focusing on the administration’s decision to publicize the nation’s poverty internationally, especially in the United States. This study suggests that this was an unprecedented strategy, putting “national prestige” at risk in order to explain the importance of implementing the reforms contained in the Six Year Plan, in the face of public opinion in the United States. Taking advantage of the increased empathy felt towards the poor during the New Deal, a specific image of hygienic and redeemable poverty was constructed. However, this strategy did not generate agreement among Mexicans.

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