Danish Colonial Healthcare Policy, St. Croix, Virgin Islands

Itinerario ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (02) ◽  
pp. 305-326
Author(s):  
Meredith Reifschneider
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Healthcare Policy ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Global And Local

Abstract(Post)colonial scholarship in recent decades has undergone methodological and conceptual revisions and scholars have increasingly adopted the premise that social and political transformations are the product of both global and local struggles. The goal of this paper is to position healthcare as an “imperial force field” by focusing on the development of a colonial healthcare system in the nineteenth-century Danish West Indies. I argue that challenging seemingly self-evident concepts such as healthcare forces us to recognise that interventionist healthcare was contested and negotiated at multiple levels. This paper mobilises archival and archaeological research from a plantation hospital at Estate Cane Garden, St. Croix, Virgin Islands, to provide a context for interrogating the practical negotiations of colonial healthcare policy. While colonial administrative documents and physician reports depict a rather narrow range of healthcare practices, archaeological evidence from a plantation hospital suggests that healthcare, within plantation institutions, was more heterogeneous than the documents indicate. The goal of this paper is largely methodological. It mobilises colonial transcripts and material culture in ways that disrupt and reimagine taken-for-granted assumptions to show how those most affected by colonial policies complicate colonial institutions via on-the-ground practices.

scholarly journals African Diasporic Choices

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayana Omilade Flewellen
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Black Feminist ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Sugar Plantation ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Archival Work

The year 2017 marked the centennial transfer of the Virgin Islands from Denmark to the United States. In light of this commemoration, topics related to representations of the past, and the preservation of heritage in the present -- entangled with the residuum of Danish colonialism and the lasting impact of U.S. neo-imperial rule -- are at the forefront of public dialogue on both sides of the Atlantic. Archaeological and archival research adds historical depth to these conversations, providing new insights into the lived experiences of Afro-Crucians from enslavement through post-emancipation. However, these two sources of primary historical data (i.e., material culture and documentary evidence) are not without their limitations. This article draws on Black feminist and post-colonial theoretical frameworks to interrogate the historicity of archaeological and archival records. Preliminary archaeological and archival work ongoing at the Estate Little Princess, an 18th-century former Danish sugar plantation on the island of St. Croix, provides the backdrop through which the potentiality of archaeological and documentary data are explored. Research questions centered on exploring sartorial practices of self-making engaged by Afro-Crucians from slavery through freedom are used to illuminate spaces of tension as well as productive encounters between the archaeological and archival records.

Certain Environmental Considerations in West Indian Archaeology

1965 ◽  
Vol 31 (2Part1) ◽  
pp. 226-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick W. Sleight
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
The West ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Environmental Considerations

AbstractMajor migrations into the West Indies emanated out of South America. For the most part, tropical forest traditions were transplanted, but it is obvious that these traditions were influenced by a markedly different environment. People who had previously known a river-tropical forest habitat now encountered the sea with its currents, winds, swells, and expansive transportation potential. Islands, sometimes with limited fresh-water conditions, also presented new problems as well as new opportunities for settlement. Recent work in the Virgin Islands points to the strong influence of environment on the settlement patterns of pre-Columbian peoples. With the advent of extensive archaeological research in the Antillean area, new and valued interpretations must be sought in the cultural-environmental complex.

The Story of Storyboards from East Sepik, Papua New Guinea

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-74
Author(s):  
Martin Soukup ◽  
Dušan Lužný
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Field Research ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Cultural Continuity ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Global Tourism ◽  
The Village

This study analyzes and interprets East Sepik storyboards, which the authors regard as a form of cultural continuity and instrument of cultural memory in the post-colonial period. The study draws on field research conducted by the authors in the village of Kambot in East Sepik. The authors divide the storyboards into two groups based on content. The first includes storyboards describing daily life in the community, while the other links the daily life to pre-Christian religious beliefs and views. The aim of the study is to analyze one of the forms of contemporary material culture in East Sepik in the context of cultural changes triggered by Christianization, colonial administration in the former Territory of New Guinea and global tourism.

scholarly journals Kreatywność za drutem kolczastym: archeologia i sztuka okopowa z pierwszowojennego obozu jenieckiego w Czersku (woj. pomorskie)

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 105-136
Author(s):  
Dawid Kobiałka
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Prisoner Of War ◽  
The Third ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
Special Category

This article discusses the results of archaeological and anthropological research concerning material remains of a prisoner of war camp in Czersk (Pomeranian province, Poland) (Kriegsgefangenenlager Czersk). In the first part, I sketch a broader historical context related to building and functioning of the camp in forests around Czersk between 1914–1919. After that, the role and meaning of  archaeological research on such type of archaeological sites are presented. In the third part, I focus on a very special category of the camp heritage which is called trench art. The last part of this paper is a case study where an assemblage of objects classified as trench art that was found at the camp is described and interpreted. This text aims at highlighting the value of such prisoners and camp’s heritage. Such material culture is a material memory of extraordinary prisoners’ creativity behind barbed wire. It makes one aware of how every piece of trash, rubbish was re-cycled during day-to-day life behind barbed wire.

scholarly journals Crossing over; taking refuge: A contrapuntal reading

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine M. Wainwright
Keyword(s):  
Gospel Of Matthew ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Colonial Studies ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
Global And Local

In this article, I undertake a contrapuntal reading (a type of reading developed within post-colonial studies) engaging the Gospel of Matthew and the current global and local contexts of migration. The work demonstrates the mode and the significance of such readings and ways in which the approach could be brought to bear in a range of contemporary contexts and in relation to any number of current global and local issues.

Phyllachora acaciae. [Distribution map].

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Phyllachora acaciae P. Henn. var. acaciae. Hosts: Acacia spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Angola, Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, ASIA, South Yemen, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Antigua, Bahamas, Barbados, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican, Honduras, Montserrat, Panama, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Venezuela.

Pre-Colombian Mesoamerica Childhoods

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Specificity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Realm

Research on pre-Columbian childhood refers to all those studies that consider the different evidence and expressions of children in Mesoamerica, prior to the Spanish invasion in the 16th century. Archaeology, understandably by its very focus, has been one of the most prolific disciplines that has approached this subject of study. Currently, archaeological research focuses on highlighting the different social experiences of the past (or multi-vocality) of social identities, such as gender and childhood, and its relationship with material culture. In addition, archaeologists recognize a modern stereotype that considers children as passive or dependent beings and therefore biases childhood research in the past. Consequently, it is necessary to critically evaluate the cultural specificity of past childhood since each culture has its own way of considering that stage of the life cycle. Another problem, in the archaeological study of childhood, is to consider that children are not socially important individuals. It has been said that their activities are not significant for the economy or the social realm of communities and societies of the past. From archaeology, there exists a general perception that children are virtually unrecognizable from the archaeological record because their behavior leaves few material traces, apart from child burials. It has been since feminist critiques within the discipline that the study of childhood became of vital importance in archaeology to understand the process of gender acquisition through enculturation. This process refers to the way children learn about their gender identity through the material world that surrounds them and the various rituals that prepare them to become persons. Thus, the intent of recent studies on childhood has been to call upon archaeologists to consider children as social actors capable of making meaningful decisions on their own behalf and that they make substantial contributions to their families and their communities. In this sense, studies on pre-Hispanic Mesoamerican cultures have focused at the most basic sense on identifying the presence of children in the archaeological record or ethnohistoric sources. Its aim has been to document the different social ages that make up childhood, the ritual importance of Mesoamerican children, funerary practices, and health conditions marked in children’s bones as well as the different material and identity expressions of childhood through art and its associated material culture.

Material Culture and Daily Life

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
CATHERINE HEZSER
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Rabbinic Literature ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interdisciplinary Framework ◽  
Early Byzantine

This chapter evaluates the use of rabbinic literature in the study of Jewish daily life and material culture. It explains that one of the main problems associated with research on material culture and daily life is the establishment of a proper relationship between rabbinic literary references and archaeological data, between text and object. It suggests that these problems can be resolved by approaching the issues on the basis of a historical-critical study of rabbinic sources in a broad interdisciplinary framework, which takes account of archaeological research within the Graeco-Roman and early Byzantine context and which uses tools, methods and models developed by the social sciences.

Sugar Plantations in the French West Indies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth G. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Historical Archaeology ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
West Indies ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Public Monuments ◽  
Saint Domingue ◽  
History Of ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
Official Recognition

The French West Indian colonial possessions of Martinique, Guadeloupe, and Saint Domingue were among the most valuable overseas European colonies due to the production of the tropical commodities of coffee, cocoa, and in particular, sugar. The crops were raised on plantations through the labor of hundreds of thousands of enslaved Africans and their descendants between the mid 17th century and the mid 19th century. In spite of the importance of this heritage to the history of the French colonial enterprise, and more importantly, the history of the descendant populations, commemoration of this chapter of history has only recently begun. This commemoration includes public monuments, official recognition, and archaeological research. Historical archaeology contributes a perspective that sheds light on otherwise undocumented or poorly-documented aspects of the slavery era, such as the organization of villages, the housing within them, and the ways in which enslaved people saw to their needs for food.

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