National and International Dimensions of Indonesian History

1965 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justus M. van der Kroef
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
European History ◽  
Indigenous Culture ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Central Java ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
History Books ◽  
Culture Tradition

Among the more noteworthy features of the Indonesian government's current efforts to recover and accentuate what is believed to be the nation's “cultural identity” is the encouragement being given to the shift in emphasis in the writing of Indonesian history so as to bring out more fully the uniqueness and greatness of the Indonesian cultural achievement. This new “Indonesia-centric” approach is said to provide a much needed correction of the earlier, colonially oriented and “Western centric” type of historical writing about Indonesia, in which the Indonesian “identity” allegedly was obscured because of Western and Dutch ethnocentric prejudices, arid in which historical events in Indonesia were treated as mere appendages to Dutch or European history generally. As early as December, 1957, a seminar of historians in Djokjakarta, Central Java, was convened “in order to eliminate the colonial historian's presentation and restore the proper emphasis on the indigenous culture, tradition and history” in “the history books of the country”. More than five years later the problem still appeared not to have been resolved as yet, for at another historical seminar held in Medan, North Sumatra, in March, 1963, Indonesia's Deputy First Minister for Information, Ruslan Abdulgani, was reportedly still calling “on Indonesian writers to begin to ‘rewrite’ Indonesian history to cleanse it of what he called ‘West-centrism’”. Indonesian historians, Abdulgani urged, “must dare to rewrite our history so that it will no longer be West-centric but Indonesiacentric”.

Macedonia Faculties’ Students - “Chrisi Avgi” (Right Party) Followers’ Critique on the Greek Educational Policy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalerante Evagelia
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
History Books

AbstractThe present paper is involved with the Pedagogical faculties’ students’ critique on the current educational system as it has been altered after 1981. The research was carried out utilizing both quantitative and qualitative tools. Students-voters participated in the interviews whereas active voters were difficult to be located to meet the research requirements. The dynamics of the specific political party is based on a popular profile in terms of standpoints related to economic, social and political issues. The research findings depict the students’ strong wish for a change of the curricula and a turn towards History and Religion as well as an elevation of the Greek historic events, as the History books that have been written and taught at schools over the past years contributed to the downgrading of the Greek national and cultural identity. There is also a students’ strong belief that globalization and the immigrants’ presence in Greece have functioned in a negative way against the Greek ideal. Therefore, an overall change of the educational content could open the path towards the reconstruction of the moral values and the Greek national identity.

Historiography: An Introductory Guide

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Ka-May Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The Past ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Historian ◽  
Subjective Perspective ◽  
The Many

“What is historiography?” asked the American historian Carl Becker in 1938. Professional historians continue to argue over the meaning of the term. This book challenges the view of historiography as an esoteric subject by presenting an accessible and concise overview of the history of historical writing from the Renaissance to the present. Historiography plays an integral role in aiding undergraduate students to better understand the nature and purpose of historical analysis more generally by examining the many conflicting ways that historians have defined and approached history. By demonstrating how these historians have differed in both their interpretations of specific historical events and their definitions of history itself, this book conveys to students the interpretive character of history as a discipline and the way that the historian’s context and subjective perspective influence his or her understanding of the past.

scholarly journals Ketoprak,Seni Pertunjukan Tradisional Jawa di Sumatera Utara: Pengembangan dan Keberlanjutannya

Panggung ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Torang Naiborhu ◽  
Nina Karina
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Art Theory ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Art Performance ◽  
Performing Art ◽  
North Sumatra

ABSTRACT Ketoprak (Ketoprak Dor) is a Javanese art performance found in North Sumatera which was originated from Surakarta, Central Java. The Performance combines dialogue, drama, dance, and music. It is performed on stage, taking stories about history, old kingdom, fairy tale, daily life, and others with an interspersed joke. Data collection is collected through observation and interviews with the ketoprak artists, owners of the studio, and the spectators, and documentation. The data is analyzed by qualitative analysis technique using performing art theory, ethnomusicology, and history. The results are, first, ketoprak in North Sumatera began to be slowly abandoned despite the adoption of local culture in music, story, clothing, as well as vocabularies used. Second, for its development, it requires strategies for the survival of the performing art among its audiences, particularly Javanese community.Keywords: KetoprakDor, ketoprak in North Sumatra, developing ketoprak, art performance  ABSTRAK Ketoprak (Ketoprak Dor)adalah seni pertunjukan Jawa di Sumatera Utara yang berasal dari Surakarta, Jawa Tengah. Pementasannya menggunakan dialog, drama, tarian, dan musik. Ketoprak dipertunjukkan di atas panggung dengan mengambil cerita sejarah, kerajaan, dongeng, kehidupan sehari-hari, dan lainnya dengan diselingi lawak.Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengamatan danwawancara kepada seniman ketoprak, pemilik sanggar, dan masyarakat pengguna, dokumentasi,dan hasilnya dianalisis dengan teknik analisis kualitatif menggunakan teori seni pertunjukan, etnomusikologi, dan metode sejarah. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa ketoprak di Sumatera Utara secara perlahan mulai ditinggalkan walaupun telah mengadopsi budaya setempat dalam hal musik, cerita, busana, atau tata bahasa yang dipakai. Untuk pengembangannya diperlukan upaya-upaya strategis agar seni pertunjukan ini dapat bertahan dan tetap diminati oleh masyarakat, khususnya komunitas Jawa.Katakunci: KetoprakDor, ketoprak di Sumatra Utara, pengembanganketoprak, seni pertunjukan     

scholarly journals David Hume, the Académie des inscriptions and the Nature of Historical Evidence in the Early Eighteenth Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Pedro Faria
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
David Hume ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Common Experience ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Belles Lettres

Philosophical history became the Enlightenment genre of historical writing par excellence supposedly by “defeating” established humanist erudite history and antiquarianism. This article argues that, contrary to established perceptions, philosophical history developed out of a concern expressed by early eighteenth-century erudite historians about the nature of historical evidence: both David Hume—leading philosophical historian—and the members of the French erudite Académie des inscriptions et belles lettres shared a broadly Lockean approach to historical evidence, choosing verisimilitude to common experience as the key criterion of certainty. Indeed, Hume likely drew directly from the académiciens. Historical certainty is achieved, both sides concluded, by providing a verisimilar chain of causes of historical events, rather than mere lists of historical facts. Philosophical historians like Hume departed from the reformulated eighteenth-century version of erudite history by making causes the main object of history rather than merely a foundation of trustworthy factual accounts.

scholarly journals The Role of Business Strategies and Financial Decisions in Preparing for International Market Entry and Improving SMEs’ Performance: An Entrepreneurial Finance Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Harjum Muharam ◽  
Maria Rio Rita ◽  
Isfenti Sadalia ◽  
Asep Mulyana ◽  
Mohamad Nur Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Market Entry ◽  
International Market ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
The City

This paper strives to examine the role of international market entry in optimizing the effects of business strategies and financial decisions on SMEs’ performance. In addition, this study analyzes the role of financing access in moderating the effects of business strategies and financial access. The research sample was comprised of 250 SMEs from various industries in the city of Salatiga, Central Java Province, and the city of Medan, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. A Partial Least Squares (PLS) - Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was utilized to test the hypotheses. In general, this research demonstrates that: (1) business strategies and financial decisions are the determinants of international market entry, (2) business strategies are a determinant of SMEs’ performance, (3) business strategies and international market entry are factors of SMEs’ performance, and (4) international market entry optimizes the effects of business strategies on SMEs’ performance.

Some Comments on Style in the Meanings of the Past

1979 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelly Errington
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Rhetorical Analysis ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The Past ◽  
Court Literature

AbstractLike the European written genre history, court literature from the traditional kingdoms of Southeast Asia often relates historical events and possible or probable genealogies. Yet, like the myths of tribal peoples, these accounts are characterized by mythical elements and a somewhat repetitious style, and were recited aloud rather than read in private silence. But if we regard them as mixtures of historical and mythical elements, our understanding of their inner structure and meaning is inevitably compromised, for the notion of a mixture already imposes assumptions about the shape of the past and criteria of reality which are implicit in a historical consciousness. The form in which thought is couched, after all, is the thought, not a representation of something behind or outside it. This paper therefore attempts a rhetorical analysis of a Classical Malay text of the type called hikayat, one which dates from about the seventeenth century. It begins with an analysis of grammar and sentence structure, then moves to certain stylistic features of hikayat, contrasting them with some stylistic features of historical writing. I then comment on the context of texts—the meaning of audience, of performance, of language, of author—and end with some speculation about the notion of the past as revealed in Classical Malay hikayat.

scholarly journals US CIVIL WAR MENURUT FORREST CARTER

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Suryo Sudiro ◽  
Sayit Abdul Karim ◽  
Juhansar Juhansar
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
The Us ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
History Books ◽  
Us Civil War

A novel may reflect the political interests and actions of the author. The author can make a story that is purposed to alter common consciousness. This article uses historicism as an interpretation theory. Historicism is used to avoid careless interpretation. With historicism, the story written in the novel is matched with historical events written in some history books. Forrest Carter writes a lot about US Civil War. He, in purpose, does not write about slavery that is commonly read as the cause of the US Civil War. He writes a lot about the murder of women and children by the northern US army soldiers in southern districts. He also writes a lot about the cooperation of his white character with a Cherokee. Above all written by Forrest Carter, the influence of his life and his political interests are seen. 

scholarly journals “Early historical writing” and the beginning of the Russian chronicle tradition

2019 ◽  
pp. 264-278
Author(s):  
Vladimir Petrukhin
Keyword(s):  
Historical Writing ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Questions And Answers

Vladimir N. Toporov demonstrated that the beginning of the Primary Russian Chronicle corresponded to a typical beginning of the early his-torical writing: questions and answers concerning main historical events. The cosmographical introduction to the Chronicle and the legend of the invitation of the Varangians was based on the Biblical tradition (the Book of Jubilees).

scholarly journals Reflection of the national vision of the world in phraseological units

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirinova Raima ◽  
Sayyorakhon Umarova ◽  
Dildora Aliqulova ◽  
Jurakobilova Hamida ◽  
Zebiniso Bekmuradova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
National Language ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Language Community ◽  
Psychological Conditions ◽  
The People ◽  
The World

This research paper is devoted to the thorough study of phraseological units in terms of national connotation. Phraseological units that reflect national and cultural identity are the beauty and art of language. Phraseologisms, by their very nature, are a means of expressing imagery in a language, but they also serve to reveal the national culture, character, humor, grief, and anxiety of a people. For this reason, phraseology is the most important unit of poetic language used in the literary text to fully express the image, character, character, and to illustrate and exaggerate events, happenings, and situations. The phraseological resources of each language reflect the socio-historical events, moral and spiritual-cultural norms, mental and psychological conditions, religious ideas, national traditions and customs of the people. Such phraseologies belonging to the vocabulary of a particular language community are among the national language tools. They polish the national color of the work of art and create a strong emotionality, while emphasizing the popularity and originality of the language.

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