Interference Problems and Radio Astronomy in the UK

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100004097 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 112 ◽

pp. 267-272

Author(s):

R. J. Cohen

Keyword(s):

Radio Astronomy ◽

Small Island ◽

Frequency Bands ◽

Current Sharing ◽

The Uk ◽

Interference Problems

ABSTRACTThe radio regulations often require frequency bands to be shared between radio astronomy and services which transmit. This poses severe problems in a small island, given the sensitivity of radio astronomy receivers. The survival of radio astronomy in these circumstances depends on wide awareness of the problems. Some of the current sharing problems in the UK are discussed.

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How Geostar Radiodetermination Technology Minimizes Interference to Radioastronomy

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100004012 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 112 ◽

pp. 201-204

Author(s):

Martin A. Rothblatt

Keyword(s):

Radio Astronomy ◽

Federal Communications Commission ◽

Time Difference ◽

Frequency Allocation ◽

Sharing Rule ◽

Frequency Bands ◽

Geostationary Satellites ◽

The Earth ◽

Satellite Service

Geostar Radiodetermination Satellite Service (RDSS) measures the position of vehicles on the earth using geostationary satellites and time-difference ranging techniques. One of the RDSS frequency bands overlaps with a radio astronomy frequency allocation. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) mandated a unique spacetime frequency sharing rule to minimize interference.

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World Radio Conference WRC-2000

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900164149 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 196 ◽

pp. 229-235

Author(s):

Klaus Ruf

Keyword(s):

Radio Astronomy ◽

Direct Impact ◽

Frequency Bands ◽

The Earth ◽

The World ◽

The Status ◽

Satellite Service

The World Radio Conference 2000 must be considered the most important one for radio astronomy since WARC-79. The conference agenda contains about 30 topics of substance, and more than 10 of these have direct impact on radio astronomy frequency allocations. From the perspective of radio astronomy the most important items are: “Allocation of Frequency Bands above 71 GHz to the Earth-Exploration Satellite Service (passive) and Radio Astronomy Service” and the agenda items dealing with Recommendation 66 (Unwanted Emissions). A review of the status of preparations is given.

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Radio Interference in Astronomical Observatories of China

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900164277 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 196 ◽

pp. 307-310

Author(s):

B. Peng ◽

R. Nan ◽

T. Piao ◽

D. Jiang ◽

Y. Su ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mobile Phone ◽

Radio Astronomy ◽

Power Supply ◽

Earthquake Activity ◽

Radio Interference ◽

Worst Case ◽

Radar Systems ◽

Astronomical Research ◽

Interference Problems

We first very briefly introduce the major radio facilities for astronomical research in China, and then report on the present interference situation at major radio observatories. Some of the radio interference problems are caused by paging services, mobile phone satellites, telemetry services for power supply, waterpower and earthquake activity, or radar systems, but some causes are unknown. In the worst case, harmful to radio astronomy, the Sesan VLBI station has not been able to do any observations at 92 cm due to serious radio interference problems since 1992. Still more serious interference coming from satellites can be expected in the next decade. International efforts on frequency protection should be urgently pursued if ground-based radio astronomy is to survive.

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Radio quiet, please! – protecting radio astronomy from interference

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s1743921311002675 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 5 (S260) ◽

pp. 457-464 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

W. van Driel

Keyword(s):

Radio Astronomy ◽

Radio Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Management ◽

International Telecommunication Union ◽

Frequency Bands ◽

International Telecommunication ◽

Regulatory Limits ◽

Regulatory Bodies ◽

Precious Resource ◽

Regulatory Measures

AbstractThe radio spectrum is a finite and increasingly precious resource for astronomical research, as well as for other spectrum users. Keeping the frequency bands used for radio astronomy as free as possible of unwanted Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) is crucial. The aim of spectrum management, one of the tools used towards achieving this goal, includes setting regulatory limits on RFI levels emitted by other spectrum users into the radio astronomy frequency bands. This involves discussions with regulatory bodies and other spectrum users at several levels – national, regional and worldwide. The global framework for spectrum management is set by the Radio Regulations of the International Telecommunication Union, which has defined that interference is detrimental to radio astronomy if it increases the uncertainty of a measurement by 10%. The Radio Regulations are revised every three to four years, a process in which four organisations representing the interests of the radio astronomical community in matters of spectrum management (IUCAF, CORF, CRAF and RAFCAP) participate actively. The current interests and activities of these four organisations range from preserving what has been achieved through regulatory measures, to looking far into the future of high frequency use and giant radio telescope use.

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The Nature of Radio Interference and Some Lines of Defense

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100004061 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 112 ◽

pp. 240-248

Author(s):

J. Richard Fisher

Keyword(s):

Radio Astronomy ◽

Dynamic Range ◽

State Of The Art ◽

High Dynamic Range ◽

Radio Spectrum ◽

The State ◽

Radio Interference ◽

Frequency Bands ◽

High Dynamic ◽

Technical Effort

ABSTRACTAs competition for radio spectrum space continues to increase, radio astronomers can expect to put more technical effort into ways of observing in the presence of interference. Much of the spectrum outside of exclusive radio astronomy frequency bands will continue to be available to the science if receivers and antennas are designed to make efficient use of times, frequencies, directions, and coherence envelopes that do not contain sources of interference. The paper outlines the state of the art in antenna sidelobe reduction, high dynamic range spectrometers, and receiver designs for handling large signals. Techniques for excising pulsed interference on very short timescales and a few thoughts on signal canceling techniques are discussed.

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Radio Astronomy and the International Telecommunications Regulations

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900164125 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 196 ◽

pp. 209-219

Author(s):

Brian Robinson

Keyword(s):

United Nations ◽

Radio Astronomy ◽

League Of Nations ◽

Hard Work ◽

International Telecommunication Union ◽

Frequency Bands ◽

International Telecommunication ◽

International Telecommunications ◽

Year 2000

For forty years radio astronomers have had access to frequency bands allocated by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) - initially a League of Nations body (from 1919) and then a United Nations body (since 1945). Hard work and skilful negotiation by a handful of radio astronomers since 1959 have ensured viable access to scarce spectral allocations. There have been many battles won, some key battles lost. The next treaty conference of the ITU is in the year 2000.

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Exotic threats to UK equines

UK-Vet Equine ◽

10.12968/ukve.2019.3.6.222 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 222-227

Author(s):

Matthew Robin

Keyword(s):

Disease Transmission ◽

West Nile Virus Infection ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

Small Island ◽

Animal Products ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Vector Borne Diseases ◽

Veterinary Surgeons ◽

Vector Borne ◽

The Uk

Historically, veterinary surgeons in the UK have had little cause to consider many vector-borne infections that are of great significance elsewhere in the world. Primarily this has reflected the combination of a lack of the required vectors and climate conditions for disease transmission, combined with the geographical barrier to disease entry that being a small island provides. In recent years there have been significant changes in the global distribution of vector-borne diseases, and it has been suggested that these are associated with climate change and the increasing international movement of animals and animal products. Veterinary surgeons attending cases with clinical findings consistent with exotic disease, in particular in any equids that have travelled or are housed with equids that have travelled, must remain vigilant to the possibility of the disease occurring in areas currently considered disease-free. This article focuses on three such diseases that increasingly threaten the UK equine population: African horse sickness, piroplasmosis and West Nile virus infection.

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RFI Sentinel 2

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900164265 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 196 ◽

pp. 301-306

Author(s):

S. Montebugnoli ◽

M. Cecchi ◽

C. Bortolotti ◽

M. Roma ◽

S. Mariotti

Keyword(s):

Radio Frequency ◽

Monitoring System ◽

Radio Astronomy ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Radio Frequency Interference ◽

Radio Telescopes ◽

New Approach ◽

Frequency Bands ◽

Application Fields ◽

Sentinel 2

Nowadays we have a massively increasing use of radio techniques in a wide variety of application fields. Meanwhile state-of-the-art receiver technology dramatically increases the sensitivity of modern radio telescopes. This situation produces a worrying vulnerability of ground-based radio telescopes to Radio Frequency Interference (RFI). In order to monitor the RFI scenario within the frequency bands reserved for radio astronomy activities, a monitoring system, based on a quite new approach, has been developed and is presented here.

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Low Cost Tertiary Education: The Price to Pay for Knowledge-Business Hub-The Mauritius Transitional Education Case Study

Journal of Education and Vocational Research ◽

10.22610/jevr.v5i4.164 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 154-164

Author(s):

Rajendra Parsad GUNPUTH

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Education ◽

Low Cost ◽

Small Island ◽

Tertiary Institutions ◽

University Of Technology ◽

The Usa ◽

Transitional Education ◽

The Republic ◽

Local Students ◽

The Uk

Most United Kingdom (UK) universities are franchising fast with foreign universities affording low cost tertiary education. Most students and graduates in Mauritius have their degree and other awards from local, Indian or British universities. However, in the recent couple of years UK universities are franchising more and more with local institutions (University of Mauritius and University of Technology Mauritius) with large campuses on the small island of the Republic of Mauritius. Of both French (1715-1810) and British colonisation (1810-1968) until its independence in 1968 the young Republic of Mauritius (12 March 1992) is one of the leading countries in Africa where secondary education is free with a relative weaker fee to enter in tertiary institutions like the University of Mauritius. In a contextualised approach the study that shall follow explain the actual situation transition education in Mauritius where local students are less and less reluctant to go to the UK to have a degree. In return UK universities instead are mushrooming around the island attracting local students who cannot afford to pay high cost tertiary education in countries like the USA, France or the UK. Actually, UK universities are recruiting local academics to lecture on their programmes in Mauritius for local students who despite their high profile cannot afford to pay the fees in the USA or UK. UK universities are also sending their staff to lecture in Mauritius and local students have the same award they would receive in the UK. Indeed, the research reflects to what extent students are willing to remain in Mauritius to avoid obstacles and harassment they would probably face in the UK or the USA in terms of visas, accommodation, job facilities just to name a few. But there is still a cost to pay.

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