scholarly journals Robotic Observatories: Past, Present and Future

1993 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 188-197
Author(s):  
Russell M. Genet ◽  
David R. Genet
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of

AbstractWe briefly describe the history of robotic observatories, give details on an example of the current state-of-the-art in robotic observatories, and suggest several key areas for future development.

A History of the Fractography of Brittle Materials

2009 ◽  
Vol 409 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
George D. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Mechanics ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Brittle Materials ◽  
Fractographic Analysis ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientists And Engineers ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Study Of Fracture Surfaces

The evolution of the science of fractography of brittle materials initially was driven by failure analysis problems. Early analyses focused on general patterns of fracture and how they correlated to the loading conditions. Many early documents are simply descriptive, but the curiosity of some key scientists and engineers was aroused. Scientific or engineering explanations for the observed patterns gradually were developed. Advances in microscopy and flaw based theories of strength and fracture mechanics led to dramatic advances in the state of the art of fractographic analysis of brittle materials. Introduction: This author was drawn backwards in time as he researched the current state of the art of fractographic analysis of brittle materials for his fractography guide book.[ ] Others have written about how the fractographic analysis of metals evolved (e.g., [ , , , ]), but there is no analogue for ceramics and glasses. The key scientists, engineers, and analysts who contributed to our field are shown in Fig. 1. Other work done by industry workers who were unable or loathe to publish is now lost, inaccessible, forgotten, or even discarded. It is the goal of this paper to review the key publications and mark the noteworthy advances in the field. Some deem fractography as the study of fracture surfaces, but this author takes a broader view. Fractography is the means and methods for characterizing fractured specimens or components and, for example, a simple examination of the fragments and how they fit together to study the overall breakage pattern is a genuine fractographic analysis.

scholarly journals Digital Archiving in Archaeology: The State of the Art. Introduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian D. Richards ◽  
Ulf Jakobsson ◽  
David Novák ◽  
Benjamin Štular ◽  
Holly Wright
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
History Of Archaeology ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Digital Archiving ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

The articles in this special issue demonstrate significant differences in digital archiving capacity in different countries. In part these reflect differences in the history of archaeology in each country, its relationship to the state, whether it is centralised or decentralised, state-led or commercially driven. They also reflect some of the different attitudes to archaeology across the world, most recently explored in a survey conducted under the auspices of the NEARCH project. They reflect a snapshot in time, but our aim is to record the current state-of-the-art in each country, to inform knowledge, stimulate discussion, and to provoke change.

Telehealth – Future Directions in Cardiovascular Care

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
John GF Cleland ◽  
David Barrett ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Future Development ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cardiac Care ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Heart Failure Patients ◽  
Current State ◽  
Exciting Area ◽  
Cardiovascular Care

Over recent years, telehealth has increasingly demonstrated its value in supporting the delivery of cardiovascular healthcare. From teletriage services as a portal into healthcare through to telemonitoring of heart failure patients, technology is already increasing the ability of practitioners to provide care remotely, empower patients and improve clinical outcomes. In the future, telehealth services have the potential to have an even greater impact on the provision of cardiovascular care. Embedding telehealth services into mainstream cardiac care, the development of more sophisticated devices and the utilisation of technology in a wider range of clinical contexts will help to accelerate the adoption of telehealth throughout healthcare. This article evaluates the current state of the art in telehealth provision and explores some of the areas for future development in this fast-moving and exciting area of clinical practice.

Hypertension: Blood pressure regulating systems: cellular, integrative, and therapeutic aspects

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1515-1515
Author(s):  
Paul I. Korner ◽  
Frans H. H. Leenen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Large Range ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Generous Financial Support ◽  
Formed Part

This is only the second time in the long history of the International Physiological Congresses that a symposium on hypertension has formed part of the official satellite programme. After the 1983 IUPS Congress in Sydney, John Chalmers organized a magnificent satellite meeting at the Flinders Medical Centre in South Australia and we felt that we wished to continue the "tradition." Hypertension research has provided a wonderful example in recent years of how exciting it can be to apply very basic discoveries to the solution of practical problems. This meeting breaks new ground in being the first scientific event sponsored jointly by the Canadian Hypertension Society and the Australian High Blood Pressure Council. The meeting was made possible by generous financial support from Pfizer Canada and Pfizer Australia with, as co-contributors, Bayer Germany and Sandoz Australia. We would also like to acknowledge the help of Mrs. A. Garat of Pfizer Canada Medical Services in the organization of the meeting and Dr. Andrew Rankin who was responsible for all local arrangements.The Hypertension Satellite was held at Whistler, B.C., July 19–21, 1986, following the 30th International Congress of the International Union of Physiological Sciences in Vancouver. It provided a good forum for interdisciplinary information exchange. It also proved to be a pleasant social occasion in the beautiful setting of the coastal range of the Canadian Rockies. There were 48 invited speakers from Canada, Australia, Europe, the U.S.A., Japan, and New Zealand. We were fortunate in having as our patrons two great names in hypertension research, Dr. Arthur Guyton and Dr. Sydney Friedman.Emphasis was on a large range of mechanisms that regulate blood pressure. There were sessions on cell biology, the kidney, autonomic nervous regulation, peptides (including, of course, atrial natriuretic peptide and arginine vasopressin), and pathogenesis. The proceedings provide an up-to-date account of the position of the current "state of the art" in a number of important areas.

Current state of the art for use of pacemakers and defibrillators in patients with congenital cardiac malformations

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (S3) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Stephenson ◽  
Jonathan R. Kaltman
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators ◽  
Cardiac Malformations ◽  
Current State ◽  
Congenital Cardiac Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Cardioverter Defibrillators

As patients with congenital cardiac malformations increasingly survive therapeutic interventions, and our understanding of primary electrical diseases increases, the landscape of paediatric and congenital electrophysiology is expanding. Electrophysiologic abnormalities, both tachycardic and bradycardic, are commonly seen in post-operative patients with congenital cardiac disease, as well as being part of the natural history of congenital malformations and cardiomyopathies. Disturbances of rhythm represent an increasing morbidity in this population, and therapies using devices in the form of pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators have taken on a correspondingly important role. In this review, we discuss some of the key features and recent advances in pacing for bradycardia, resynchronization pacing, anti-tachycardia pacing, and use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators.

scholarly journals Natural language interfaces to databases – an introduction

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Androutsopoulos ◽  
G.D. Ritchie ◽  
P. Thanisch
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Query Languages ◽  
Natural Language Interfaces ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Current State ◽  
Database Updates ◽  
Graphical Interfaces ◽  
History Of

AbstractThis paper is an introduction to natural language interfaces to databases (NLIDBS). A brief overview of the history of NLIDBS is first given. Some advantages and disadvantages of NLIDBS are then discussed, comparing NLIDBS to formal query languages, form-based interfaces, and graphical interfaces. An introduction to some of the linguistic problems NLIDBS have to confront follows, for the benefit of readers less familiar with computational linguistics. The discussion then moves on to NLIDB architectures, portability issues, restricted natural language input systems (including menu-based NLIDBS), and NLIDBS with reasoning capabilities. Some less explored areas of NLIDB research are then presented, namely database updates, meta-knowledge questions, temporal questions, and multi-modal NLIDBS. The paper ends with reflections on the current state of the art.

scholarly journals The KICK-OFF of 6G Research Worldwide: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Hans Dieter Schotten
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Mobile System ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Sixth Generation ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important Milestone

The fifth-generation (5G) mobile system is now being deployed across the world and the scale of 5G subscribers is growing quickly in many countries. The attention of academia and industry is increasingly shifting towards the sixth generation (6G) and many pioneering works are being kicked off, indicating an important milestone in the history of 6G. At this juncture, an overview of the current state of the art of 6G research and a vision of future communications are of great interest. This paper thus investigates up-to-date 6G research programs, ambitions, and main viewpoints of representative countries, institutions and companies worldwide. Then, the key technologies are outlined and a vision on ``What 6G may look like?" is provided. This paper aims to serve as an enlightening guideline for interested researchers to quickly get an overview when kicking off their 6G research.

scholarly journals A view on chemical and biochemical engineering: Where are they going?

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
Vlada Veljkovic
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Biological Engineering ◽  
Short History ◽  
Biochemical Engineering ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future ◽  
Important Trend ◽  
History Of ◽  
Near Future

A short history of chemical and biochemical engineering is presented, both industrial and educational aspects being considered. The most important trend in the future development of bio/chemical engineering - biological engineering - is pointed out. The current state and near future of biotechnology are described.

A Brief History of Prosthetics and Orthotics of the Lower Body and Their Types

2021 ◽  
pp. 365-380
Author(s):  
Dheeman Bhuyan ◽  
Kaushik Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
Shed Light

Prosthetics and orthotics are items taken for granted in today's day and age. However, this has not always been the case. The history of these everyday items is long and very colorful. In this chapter, the authors shed light on the history and development of prosthetics and orthotics of the lower body in order to better understand the current state of the art in the fields. A historical perspective is provided followed by enumeration of the types of devices and techniques available without going into the form and function of individual products.

scholarly journals The History of the Development of Melt Blowing Technology

1999 ◽  
Vol os-8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1558925099OS-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. McCulloch
Keyword(s):  
Melt Spinning ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Nonwoven Fabric ◽  
Naval Research ◽  
Melt Blowing ◽  
Current State ◽  
Spinning Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Step ◽  
Oil Company

Almost a half century ago development efforts were initiated by very different entities, in widely different locations, to demonstrate one step processes to convert polymer to web: • Major fiber producers (DuPont, Freudenberg, Monsanto) began work on converting polymer (PE, PET, Nylon) into continuous “cold drawn” filaments and integrating the conversion of these filaments into a random-laid bonded nonwoven fabric. • An oil company (Exxon), building on the earlier work (1950's) of the Naval Research Labs to produce fine fibers, began work on converting their recently commercialized PP polymer into discontinuous, or continuous, “hot drawn” filaments and integrating these filaments into a random-laid self bonded nonwoven web having average fiber sizes 2–5 microns (fine fibered webs) to 100+ fibers (coarse fibered webs). As a result of these early development efforts, three different, but related melt spinning nonwoven processes have achieved significant commercial importance, with tremendous benefits to consumers worldwide: • Spunbond process • Melt blowing process • Flash spinning process This presentation will summarize the development of the melt blowing process from conceptualization to current state-of-the-art. Important product, process and equipment developments are detailed in the 50 year growth of the melt blowing process from a laboratory concept to a 125 million pound a year U.S. and Canadian commercial business and substantial additional worldwide consumption. Today, spunbond and melt blown processes are used for approximately 54% of the total 18.6 million square yards U.S. nonwoven market.

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