scholarly journals Security expertise and international hierarchy: the case of ‘The Asia-Pacific Epistemic Community’

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Jerdén
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Social Order ◽  
International Security ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Epistemic Community ◽  
Political Order ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
The Political ◽  
Regional Stability ◽  
General Explanation

AbstractMany states partially relinquish sovereignty in return for physical protection from a more powerful state. Mainstream theory on international hierarchies holds that such decisions are based on rational assessments of the relative qualities of the political order being offered. Such assessments, however, are bound to be contingent, and as such a reflection of the power to shape understandings of reality. Through a study of the remarkably persistent US-led security hierarchy in East Asia, this article puts forward the concept of the ‘epistemic community’ as a general explanation of how such understandings are shaped and, hence, why states accept subordinate positions in international hierarchies. The article conceptualises a transnational and multidisciplinary network of experts on international security – ‘The Asia-Pacific Epistemic Community’ – and demonstrates how it operates to convince East Asian policymakers that the current US-led social order is the best choice for maintaining regional ‘stability’.

scholarly journals Political practices of transformation of East and Southeast Asia countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
S. S. Teslenko
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Minimum Degree ◽  
East Asian ◽  
World Order ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
The Political ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Special Role

The article considers models of political transformation in East Asian countries. The analysis of political practices of transformation of the countries of East and South-East Asia is carried out in the study. The research contains the factors that influenced the successful implementation of modernization projects in the states of the region. The specific features of the political transformations of the states of the region associated with the formation of non-Western democracies on the basis of “development authoritarianisms” are revealed. Carrying out large-scale transformations is connected with the need to establish sovereignty in the postcolonial period and ensure national security in the current geopolitical conditions. The success of the East Asian model of transformation is also associated with the preservation of elements of traditional regulation, a unique synthesis of traditions and innovations based on a special, synthetic way, non-Western and nonmobilization type. Governments and national leaders play a special role in the political practices of non-Western modernization, ensuring the planning of modernization strategies. A separate role in the transformation belongs to the competent bureaucracy with a minimum degree of corruption. And the transformations were carried out by authoritarian methods. Non-Western modernization is of interest both from a theoretical and empirical point of view, especially given the effect of the non-Western approach to transformation, embodied in the so-called Asian economic miracle and contributing to national consolidation in Southeast and East Asia. For developing countries, it is important to choose the ways of their socio-political and economic development, especially in the context of globalization. The study of the experience of the countries of Southeast and East Asia allows us to identify the main directions of their development that have transformed societies, and to determine an acceptable development strategy for the state. Back in the 1990s, concepts were put forward according to which the 21st century would be the era of domination of the Asia-Pacific civilization, which replaces the Euro-Atlantic one. The modernization of the countries of Southeast Asia is becoming a factor in reformatting the established world order, creating a new balance of power in the international arena and new centres of influence in political and economic relations.

The “Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere”: A New Boundary for Taiwanese People and the Taiwanese Capital, 1940–1945 (臺灣人的對外移民與投資, 1940–1945)

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man-houng Lin (林滿紅)
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Overseas Chinese ◽  
Pacific War ◽  
Ethnic Chinese ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Taiwanese People ◽  
Overseas Investment ◽  
Direction Opposite

This article deals with Taiwanese civilian emigration and overseas investment in the period of 1940–1945 when Japan engaged the Greater East Asian War. Taiwan in general, and some Taiwanese in particular, helped the reconstruction of Japanese occupied areas in this war. Overseas Taiwanese mainly worked as employees for Japanese stores, companies, mines, plantations, and Japanese government offices, but also opened stores, factories, plantations and banks by themselves. As overseas ethnic Chinese, the Taiwanese civilian emigrants examined in this paper moved in the direction opposite that of other overseas Chinese holding Chinese nationality. The Taiwanese populace expanded overseas to Greater East Asia, while Chinese nationals withdrew from this area and returned to China. Thus, this paper will illustrate how the phrase, “people should fight for their country,” bore different meanings for these two different types of overseas Chinese in the Asia-Pacific War theater of wwii. 1930至40年代，中日學者曾就華僑的定義進行討論。吳主惠將華僑定義為定居於海外的中國人及其後裔，不包括駐外政府官員和留學生。吳氏認為華僑的最嚴格定義，是指定居海外但仍保有中國國籍者。1933年日本大藏省為替局統計臺灣地區約有46,000至47,000名華僑，便是依據這樣的定義。吳氏指出，在此嚴格定義下，華人後裔如不具中國國籍者，便非華僑。另有一種較為寬鬆的定義是: 無論是否具中國國籍，凡定居或曾赴海外的中國人及其後裔皆為華僑，井出季和太即持此見。關於日本統治臺灣時期的臺灣人國籍，根據日本大藏省為替局的解釋，由於馬關條約簽訂後的二年內，臺灣人得自由決定離去與否，留下臺灣者為日本國民。這些成為日本國民的臺灣人或其祖先曾具有中國國民的身分，因而1933年的340萬臺灣人也被視為較寬定義下的華僑。在日本建構所謂的「大東亞共榮圈」時期 (1940–1945)，許多不具軍人身分的臺灣人向海外移民或投資，與之相反的是，擁有中國國籍的華僑在此時期則多回歸故里。在大東亞戰爭時期的華人，由於出身不同，「為國而戰」一詞對於他們的意義也因而分歧。 (This article is in English.)

scholarly journals APEC’S place in modern political and economic processes in Greater East Asia

2020 ◽  
pp. 337-346
Author(s):  
Dmitrij V. Mosyakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
International Security ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Issues

This article is devoted to the history of such an authoritative international organization as the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation-APEC. This organization, created to address issues of economic integration in the Asia-Pacific region, has gradually turned into the main platform for political negotiations, at which key issues of international security and international relations are discussed.

scholarly journals El dilema corporativo del comunalismo forestal

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Garibay
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Political Order ◽  
The Political ◽  
Peasant Communities ◽  
Social Reciprocity ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
The Social ◽  
El Alto

This paper reflects on the effect that communal forestry ventures have on the social order of traditional indigenous peasant communities. From a material standpoint, the paper analyses the transformation of a family-oriented economy to a collectivist system that involves whole villages. In the realm of social reciprocity there’s a shift from a liberal mode to a corporate one. In the political order there’s an evolution towards a centralized self-government and a strong authority.This transformation process can be exemplified by the amazing case of the San Pedro el Alto Zapotec community, located on the Sierra Sur of Oaxaca.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Educational Reform ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Political Order ◽  
The Political ◽  
French Politics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Regime Politics ◽  
Revolutionary Politics ◽  
French Nation ◽  
Public Instruction

The introduction situates the problem of educational reform within the overlapping contexts of Enlightenment philosophy and revolutionary politics. Discussing the influence of sensationist philosophy and new expectations regarding the political public, it describes education’s place at the heart of debates over the nature, character, and purpose of French politics, culture, and society. It describes the range of sources upon which this study draws, the structure of the work, and the work’s central foci. These are: education’s place at the center of a crisis in Ancien Régime politics, one that was sparked by the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1762 but came to envelope debates about the French nation and nationalism, the state, and the social order; the emergence and nature of “public instruction” as an element in the revolutionary pursuit of a representative and participatory political order; and the reach of the ensuing debates over education, citizenship, and politics beyond the officials assemblies and publications of revolutionary politics, a breadth that suggests a broad engagement with the prospects and possibilities for contributory citizenship after 1789.

The Vicissitudes of the Mahāsammata in East Asia

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Rambelli
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
East Asian ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Resistance ◽  
Divine Sovereignty ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
The People ◽  
Asian Context ◽  
Subsequent Literature

This article discusses Buddhism’s conflicting relation with kingship through an analysis of the figure of the Mahāsammata, the first mythical ruler according to Buddhist scriptures and canonical commentaries. The Mahāsammata, literally the ‘Great Elect’, was a human being elected by the people and entrusted with keeping order in a society that was gradually becoming more complex; as such, this myth expresses an idea of kingship that is very different from Indic and East Asian theories of divine sovereignty. The Mahāsammata has been studied within the South Asian context, but very little is known about its role in East Asian Buddhism. This article offers an analysis of this figure based on sutras translated into Chinese and subsequent literature in Chinese and Japanese. It aims to show some of the ways in which the Mahāsammata and the political ideas it represents were interpreted and transformed in East Asia, also in order to gain a better understanding of the varieties of Buddhist political thought, including those with the oppositional potential (if not actual oppositional praxis) to become conceptual bases for social and political resistance.

scholarly journals A Bridging Role of Winter Snow over Northern China and Southern Mongolia in Linking the East Asian Winter and Summer Monsoons

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (22) ◽  
pp. 9849-9862
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Lu ◽  
Zhiming Kuang ◽  
Song Yang ◽  
Zhenning Li ◽  
Hanjie Fan
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
The South ◽  
Northerly Wind ◽  
Northern Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Winter Snow

AbstractEurasian snow, one of the most important factors that influence the Asian monsoons, has long been viewed as a useful predictor for seasonal monsoon prediction. In this study, observations and model simulations are used to demonstrate a bridging role of the winter snow anomaly over northern China and southern Mongolia (NCSM) in the relationship between the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). Enhanced snow in NCSM results in local surface and tropospheric cooling, strengthening the EAWM through cold-air intrusion induced by northerly wind anomalies. In turn, the stronger EAWM provides a favorable condition for enhanced snowfall over East Asia to the south, indicating an active snow–EAWM interaction. The continental cooling could be maintained until summer due to the memory effect of snowmelt and moistening as well as the snow–monsoon interaction in the spring, causing changes in the meridional temperature gradient and associated upper-level westerlies in the summer. The interaction between the strengthened westerlies over the northern Tibetan Plateau and the topography of the plateau could lead to anomalous downstream convergence and compensating divergence to the south. Therefore, anomalous cyclonic circulation and increased rainfall occur over northeastern China and the Korean Peninsula, but anticyclonic circulation and decreased rainfall appear over the subtropical East Asia–Pacific region. Moreover, limited analysis shows that, compared to sea surface temperature feedback, the direct impact of snow anomaly on the EAWM–EASM connection seems more important.

scholarly journals EAST ASIAN REGIONAL INTEGRATION: THE JOURNEY SINCE THE FAILURE OF THE EAEG

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farizal Razalli ◽  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
East Asian ◽  
The Political ◽  
The West ◽  
Policy Failure ◽  
Contemporary Development ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Political Realities ◽  
Shed Light

The failure of the East Asia Economic Group (EAEG) was more than a foreign policy failure for Malaysia. It actually shed light on the political realities in the region. The proposed EAEG excluded all the region's Western partners. Viewed as a bloc against the West and under strong pressure from Washington, all countries in the region, including Japan (supposed-to-be leader), unanimously disapproved the idea. This paper seeks to understand the contemporary development of the regional integration process in East Asia. The following two main questions are posited- 1) can linkages be established between the idea of EAEG and the later developments of East Asian regionalization process - ASEAN + 3? 2) Can the approach of exclusive regionalization work in today's East Asia? The analysis shows that the tendency toward exclusive regionalization is rather strong. The research, however, questions the plausibility of such an exclusive regionalization given the region's ever strong interdependence with extra-regional partners across political, economic, and security domains.

Desiring futures in Cuban cultural production

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-294
Author(s):  
Margaret G. Frohlich
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Production ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Visual Language ◽  
Political Order ◽  
The Political ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
Political Field ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Space

Given that the production of sexual subjects is inextricably bound to language, theorists Lee Edelman and Jasbir Puar investigate the imbrication of the sexual subject in discourses of the Child (Edelman 2004) and the nation-state (Puar 2007). Through an interdisciplinary lens, this essay builds on their conceptual frameworks in its examination of homoerotics and the figure of the Child in Cuban cultural production. Of interest is how peripheral verbal and visual language challenge discourses that fold the sexual subject and the Child into the good of the nation and the coherence of the social order. In Edelman’s argument (2004: 3), the Child and queerness are held apart: the Child is bound to futurity given that the “political order […] returns to the Child as the image of the future it intends” and queerness figures “the place of the social order’s death drive.” The queer poetics of the peripheral language examined in this essay revise the trajectory of Child to “true man,” creating new space for movement of the queer subject and the Child in the political field.

Politics and tourism within South-East Asia.

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
Joan Henderson
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
East Asian ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
The Political ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Political Uncertainties

Abstract This chapter examines the interactions between politics and international tourism which are shown to be inextricably linked in assorted ways. The focus of the discussion is on members of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN). After some general observations with regards to the tourism-politics relationship, the chapter looks back to the 1970s when political uncertainties and upheavals characterized parts of the region and impeded tourism. Such circumstances are then contrasted with those of the current era which tend to be more settled, reflecting the political shifts occurring in the intervening years, and which are more favourable for tourism.

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