MUSICA MUNDANA, ARISTOTELIAN NATURAL PHILOSOPHY AND PTOLEMAIC ASTRONOMY

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 37-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Ilnitchi
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Fixed Sequence ◽  
Musical Scale ◽  
The Core ◽  
Music Of The Spheres ◽  
Significant Length ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Insight Into

Emanating from a cosmos ordered according to Pythagorean and Neoplatonic principles, the Boethian musica mundana is the type of music that ‘is discernible especially in those things which are observed in heaven itself or in the combination of elements or the diversity of seasons’. At the core of this recurring medieval topos stands ‘a fixed sequence of modulation [that] cannot be separated from this celestial revolution’, one most often rendered in medieval writings as the ‘music of the spheres’ (musica spherarum). In the Pythagorean and Neoplatonic cosmological traditions, long established by the time Boethius wrote his De institutione musica, the music of the spheres is just one possible manifestation of the concept of world harmony. It pertains to a universe in which musical and cosmic structures express the same mathematical ratios, each of the planets produces a distinctive sound in its revolution and the combination of these sounds themselves most often forms a well-defined musical scale. Although the Neoplatonic world harmony continued to function in medieval cosmology as the fundamental conceptual premise, the notion of the music of the spheres, despite its popularity among medieval writers, was generally treated neither at any significant length nor in an innovative fashion. Quite exceptional in this respect is the treatise that forms the subject of the present study, a text beginning Desiderio tuo fili carissime gratuito condescenderem and attributed to an anonymous bishop in the late thirteenth-century manuscript miscellany now in the Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana (Barb. lat. 283, fols. 37r-42v) but probably coming from a Franciscan convent in Siena. This seldom considered work affords a remarkable and special insight into the ways in which old and new ideas converged, intermingled and coexisted in the dynamic and sometimes volatile cross-currents of medieval scholarship.

Summary

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Bayly
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Stress ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
The Core ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Or Organization ◽  
Main Thread ◽  
Types Of Change

The purpose of this chapter is to consolidate. No new ideas are introduced; instead we try to sort the main thread from the side issues, and the parts that are reasonably clear and firm from the parts that are still fuzzy. The core of the chapter is a set of seventeen statements, seventeen vertebrae that form the backbone of the book, but there are also a preface and a postscript. The preface provides the setting for the seventeen-part core and the postscript takes up the question of where to go next. The purpose of the book was given at the start of Chapter 1. Even at that early point, a stressed cylinder was used as an example. The purpose is to make headway with the question: if a state of chemical equilibrium exists under hydrostatic stress and is disturbed by making the stress nonhydrostatic, what processes begin to run, and what quantitative relations should we expect to be followed? Before the seventeen-part "answer" it is to be noted that there are two alternative ways of dividing the subject matter into two parts. The division scheme is displayed in Figure 17.1a and separates eight types of change. (A somewhat similar diagram on page 111, distinguished eight circumstances in which change might be observed—a different system of divisions that is of no use here.) Of the eight boxes set up, four have been discussed, as shown in Figure 17.1b. The two ways of dividing this four-box group are by a horizontal cut or by a vertical cut that separates stars from superscript a’s. (A vertical cut separating the N-box from the rest is of no help; it would be contrary to our theme.) The horizontal cut separates stress-driven effects below from composition-driven effects above. It is in fact the traditional division between mechanics and chemistry; enormous amounts of science fall clearly above the cut or clearly below it and cause no confusion at all. This cut was used as a guide in the early chapters, especially in the flow diagram or organization chart, Figure 8.1. By contrast, the second cut appeared as late as Chapter 15, but deserves emphasis; it is at least as instructive and helpful as the first, and perhaps more helpful.

scholarly journals Matching a Trope Ontology to the Basic Formal Ontology

Philosophies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Richard de Rozario
Keyword(s):  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Formal Ontology ◽  
Basic Formal Ontology ◽  
The Core ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Applied Ontology ◽  
Foundational Ontology ◽  
Causal Chains ◽  
Insight Into

Applied ontology, at the foundational level, is as much philosophy as engineering and as such provides a different aspect of contemporary natural philosophy. A prominent foundational ontology in this field is the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). It is important for lesser known ontologies, like the trope ontology of interest here, to match to BFO because BFO acts like the glue between many disparate ontologies. Moreover, such matchings provide philosophical insight into ontologies. As such, the core research question here is how we can match a trope ontology to BFO (which is based on universals) and what insights such a matching provides for foundational ontology. This article provides a logical matching, starting with BFO’s top entities (continuants and occurrences) and identifies key ontological issues that arise, such as whether universals and mereological sums are equivalent. This article concludes with general observations about the matching, including that matching to universals is generally straightforward, but not so much the matching between relations. In particular, the treatment of occurrences as causal chains is different in the trope ontology, compared to BFO’s use of time arguments.

scholarly journals The zero decade of architecture in Belgrade and Serbia

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Zoran Lazović
Keyword(s):  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Practical Purpose ◽  
Core Values ◽  
European Level ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Insight Into

The intention of this paper is to contemplate the root problem that was prevalent in the architecture in Serbia and in Belgrade in the last decade, and to try to provide some insight into few issues and discuss the future solutions: what are the core values and what is specific in the recent architecture of Belgrade/ Serbia, what was lacking in the theoretical and practical areas of architecture and what is the significance of the realized architecture at the local, regional or the European level. The challenge of keeping the traditional architecture, yet incorporate proven global concepts that are both aesthetically pleasing, yet serve a practical purpose, was in conclusion presented as the emulation of the new ideas on old notions, integration of global concepts, local knowledge and experience to deliver superior quality architectural achievements, based on highly motivated, professional, visionary, resourceful, experienced or promising Serbian architects.

Social innovation for modified consumption by means of the school subject Art and craft

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita NEUBERG
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
School Subject ◽  
Art And Design ◽  
The Core ◽  
Causal Mechanisms ◽  
The Subject

In this paper I will take a look at how one can facilitate the change in consumption through social innovation, based on the subject of art and design in Norwegian general education. This paper will give a presentation of books, featured relevant articles and formal documents put into context to identify different causal mechanisms around our consumption. The discussion will be anchored around the resources and condition that must be provided to achieve and identify opportunities for action under the subject of Art and craft, a subject in Norwegian general education with designing at the core of the subject, ages 6–16. The question that this paper points toward is: "How can we, based on the subject of Art and craft in primary schools, facilitate the change in consumption through social innovation?”

Will Love Tear Us Apart: Adapting the Lyrical to the Ludic

CounterText ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-235
Author(s):  
Gordon Calleja
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Game Design ◽  
Digital Games ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
The Core ◽  
Lyrical Poetry ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

This paper gives an insight into the design process of a game adaptation of Joy Division's Love Will Tear Us Apart (1980). It outlines the challenges faced in attempting to reconcile the diverging qualities of lyrical poetry and digital games. In so doing, the paper examines the design decisions made in every segment of the game with a particular focus on the tension between the core concerns of the lyrical work being adapted and established tenets of game design.

Rights, Authority, and Workability: An Examination of Universal Jurisdiction

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Srdan Durica
Keyword(s):  
Universal Jurisdiction ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
Contemporary State ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
The Subject

In this paper, I conceptualize ‘universal jurisdiction’ along three axes: rights, authority, and workability to reduce the compendium of scholarly work on the subject into three prominent focus areas. I then review the longstanding debates between critics and supports, and ultimately show the vitality of this debate and persuasiveness of each side’s sets of arguments. By using these three axes as a sort of methodological filter, one can develop a richer understanding of universal jurisdiction, its theoretical pillars, practical barriers, and the core areas of contention that form the contemporary state of knowledge.

Jalan Kesempurnaan Menurut Jamaah Insan Al-Kamil di Cijati Desa Cikareo Selatan Sumedang

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
Syarifudin Syarifudin
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Religious Sect ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Each religious sect has its own characteristics, whether fundamental, radical, or religious. One of them is Insan Al-Kamil Congregation, which is in Cijati, South Cikareo Village, Wado District, Sumedang Regency. This congregation is Sufism with the concept of self-purification as the subject of its teachings. So, the purpose of this study is to reveal how the origin of Insan Al-Kamil Congregation, the concept of its purification, and the procedures of achieving its purification. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a normative theological approach as the blade of analysis. In addition, the data generated is the result of observation, interviews, and document studies. From the collected data, Jamaah Insan Al-Kamil adheres to the core teachings of Islam and is the tenth regeneration of Islam Teachings, which refers to the Prophet Muhammad SAW. According to this congregation, self-perfection becomes an obligation that must be achieved by human beings in order to remember Allah when life is done. The process of self-purification is done when human beings still live in the world by knowing His God. Therefore, the peak of self-purification is called Insan Kamil. 

Importance of the Intersection of Library and Information Sciences with Systems Theory

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Lee
Keyword(s):  
System Theory ◽  
General System ◽  
General System Theory ◽  
Von Bertalanffy ◽  
Meta Level ◽  
Professional Field ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Critical Insight ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Information Sciences

This paper is the attempt to show how system theory could provide critical insight into the transdisciplinary field of library and information sciences (LIS). It begins with a discussion on the categorization of library and information sciences as an academic and professional field (or rather, the lack of evidence on the subject) and what is exactly meant by system theory, drawing upon the general system theory established by Ludwig von Bertalanffy. The main conversation of this paper focuses on the inadequacies of current meta-level discussions of LIS and the benefits of general system theory (particularly when considering the exponential rapidity in which information travels) with LIS.

A Short Survey of Yemeni Sufism from Its Inception up to the Thirteenth Century

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Short Survey ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Intellectual Activities

This paper analyzes the historical conditions of Yemen’s Sufi movement from the beginning of Islam up to the rise of the Rasulid dynasty in the thirteenth century. This is a very difficult task, given the lack of adequate sources and sufficient academic attention in both the East and theWest. Certainly, a few sentences about the subject can be found scattered in Sufi literature at large, but a respectable study of the period’s mysticism can hardly be found.1 Thus, I will focus on the major authorities who first contributed to the ascetic movement’s development, discuss why a major decline of intellectual activities occurred in many metropolises, and if the existing ascetic conditions were transformed into mystical tendencies during the ninth century due to the alleged impact ofDhu’n-Nun al-Misri (d. 860). This is followed by a brief discussion ofwhat contributed to the revival of the country’s intellectual and economic activities. After that, I will attempt to portray the status of the major ascetics and prominent mystics credited with spreading and diffusing the so-called Islamic saintly miracles (karamat). The trademark of both ascetics and mystics across the centuries, this feature became more prevalent fromthe beginning of the twelfth century onward. I will conclude with a brief note on the most three celebrated figures of Yemen’s religious and cultural history: Abu al-Ghayth ibn Jamil (d. 1253) and his rival Ahmad ibn `Alwan (d. 1266) from the mountainous area, andMuhammad ibn `Ali al-`Alawi, known as al-Faqih al-Muqaddam (d. 1256), from Hadramawt.

Mobile-Friendly Dashboards to Display Associations Between Cited-by and Similar Journals on Mobile Health Research: A Bibliometric Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsair-Wei Chien ◽  
Hsien-Yi Wang ◽  
Yang Shao ◽  
Willy Chou
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Similarity Criteria ◽  
Network Density ◽  
Deep Insight ◽  
Density Indices ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Given ◽  
Insight Into

BACKGROUND Researchers often spend a great deal of time and effort retrieving related journals for their studies and submissions. Authors often designate one article and then retrieve other articles that are related to the given one using PubMed’s service for finding cited-by or similar articles. However, to date, none present the association between cited-by and similar journals related to a given journal. Authors need one effective and efficient way to find related journals on the topic of mobile health research. OBJECTIVE This study aims (1) to show the related journals for a given journal by both cited-by and similarity criteria; (2) to present the association between cited-by and similarity journals related to a given journal; (3) to inspect the patterns of network density indices among clusters classified by social network analysis (SNA); (4) to investigate the feature of Kendall's coefficient(W) of concordance. METHODS We obtained 676 abstracts since 2013 from Medline based on the keywords of ("JMIR mHealth and uHealth"[Journal]) on June 30, 2018, and plotted the clusters of related journals on Google Maps by using MS Excel modules. The features of network density indices were examined. The Kendall coefficient (W) was used to assess the concordance of clusters across indices. RESULTS This study found that (1) the journals related to JMIR mHealth and uHealth are easily presented on dashboards; (2) a mild association(=0.14) exists between cited-by and similar journals related to JMIR mHealth and uHealth; (3) the median Impact Factor were 3.37 and 2.183 based on the representatives of top ten clusters grouped by the cited-by and similar journals, respectively; (4) all Kendall’s coefficients(i.e., 0.82, 0.89, 0.92, and 0.75) for the four sets of density centrality have a statistically significant concordance (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS SNA provides deep insight into the relationships of related journals to a given journal. The results of this research can provide readers with a knowledge and concept diagram to use with future submissions to a given journal in the subject category of Mobile Health Research. CLINICALTRIAL Not available

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