Global agenda for livestock research

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Fitzhugh
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Global Agenda ◽  
Benefits And Costs

AbstractThe global agenda for livestock research must be led by the requirements for agricultural development, recognizing the integral and complementary rôle livestock play in sustainable agricultural systems. Demand for meat and milk will increase by more than 150 per cent over the next three decades, fuelled by the combination of income growth, population increase and urbanization. Increased demand will be primarily in developing regions, where current consumption per capita is low and livestock production systems are inefficient relative to those in developed countries. This situation encourages development to increase supply of livestock product. Research can facilitate sustainable livestock development to serve the needs of both producers and consumers.The benefits already realized from past investments in research, primarily in developed countries, help make the case for investing in livestock research. Nevertheless, the resources available for research are limited; choices must be made and expected benefits and costs should guide priorities. These benefits and costs should take into account social and environmental as well as financial values. Procedures for valuing the contribution of livestock research to sustainable development are inadequate and, in themselves, are a priority in the global agenda.Priorities for research differ but are generally linked across the levels of agricultural systems: household, community, landscape, national, regional and international. Specific priorities in the global agenda vary with livestock species (ruminant, non-ruminant), production systems (grazing, mixed, industrial), agro-ecological and socio-economic factors (especially, those differing for developed and developing regions) and whether research will be supported by public or private sector funding. The priorities for developing countries emphasize increasing productivity and efficiency; whereas for developed countries, more emphasis is given to food safety, zoonotic diseases and environmental issues. Non-traditional, but increasingly important priorities derive from the need for information and technologies to improve soil and water management to ensure long-term sustainability of livestock production systems and for socio-economic analysis to provide policy options for decision makers.The global agenda for livestock research is broad, embracing the full spectrum from basic to adaptive research. The traditional animal sciences will continue to be important but there is increasing need to draw from crop and environment research, from human health and genetics research, inter alia. Results from research in developed regions can be adapted to the needs of livestock systems in developing regions. In return, research on genetic resistance developed through natural selection in livestock populations in developing regions, may provide environmentally friendly means to control livestock disease and parasites in developed regions. The challenges posed by the global agenda are considerable. To meet these challenges, partnerships are required, linking skills, capacities and access to problems. The successes of these research partnerships will meet the requirements for sustainable agricultural development and ensure support for livestock research in the future.

scholarly journals Livestock production: recent trends, future prospects

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1554) ◽  
pp. 2853-2867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip K. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Future Production ◽  
The Future ◽  
Livestock Products

The livestock sector globally is highly dynamic. In developing countries, it is evolving in response to rapidly increasing demand for livestock products. In developed countries, demand for livestock products is stagnating, while many production systems are increasing their efficiency and environmental sustainability. Historical changes in the demand for livestock products have been largely driven by human population growth, income growth and urbanization and the production response in different livestock systems has been associated with science and technology as well as increases in animal numbers. In the future, production will increasingly be affected by competition for natural resources, particularly land and water, competition between food and feed and by the need to operate in a carbon-constrained economy. Developments in breeding, nutrition and animal health will continue to contribute to increasing potential production and further efficiency and genetic gains. Livestock production is likely to be increasingly affected by carbon constraints and environmental and animal welfare legislation. Demand for livestock products in the future could be heavily moderated by socio-economic factors such as human health concerns and changing socio-cultural values. There is considerable uncertainty as to how these factors will play out in different regions of the world in the coming decades.

scholarly journals Classification and characterisation of livestock production systems in northern Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A. de Glanville ◽  
A. Davis ◽  
K.J. Allan ◽  
J. Buza ◽  
J.R. Claxton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Land Loss ◽  
Crop Losses ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
Pastoral Households

AbstractLivestock keepers in sub-Saharan Africa face a growing range of pressures, including climate change, land loss, restrictive policies, and population increase. Widespread adaptation in response to such pressures can lead to the emergence of new, non-traditional typologies of livestock production.We sought to characterise livestock production systems in northern Tanzania, a region undergoing rapid social, economic, and environmental change. Questionnaire and spatial data were collected from 404 livestock-keeping households in 21 villages in Arusha and Manyara Regions in 2016. Multiple factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to classify households into livestock production systems based on household-level characteristics. Indicators of vulnerability, including household-level reports of hunger, illness, livestock loss, land loss and crop losses were compared between production systems.Three distinct clusters emerged through this process. The ethnic, environmental and livestock management characteristics of households in each cluster broadly mapped onto traditional definitions of ‘pastoral’, ‘agro-pastoral’ and ‘smallholder’ livestock production in the region, suggesting that this quantitative classification system is complementary to more qualitative classification methods. Our findings also suggest that traditional systems of livestock production continue to persist in northern Tanzania. Nonetheless, we found indicators of substantial change within livestock production systems, most notably the adoption of crop agriculture in the majority of pastoral households. Smallholder households were less likely than either pastoral or agro-pastoral households to report hunger, illness, and livestock, land or crop losses.Livelihoods that rely solely on livestock are relatively rare in northern Tanzania, which represents an important shift in production in the region, particularly among pastoralists. Policy initiatives to improve household and community well-being should recognise the continuing distinctiveness of traditional livestock production systems in the region.

scholarly journals Classification and characterisation of livestock production systems in northern Tanzania

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0229478
Author(s):  
William A. de Glanville ◽  
Alicia Davis ◽  
Kathryn J. Allan ◽  
Joram Buza ◽  
John R. Claxton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
System Level ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
Pastoral Households

Livestock keepers in sub-Saharan Africa face a range of pressures, including climate change, land loss, restrictive policies, and population increase. Widespread adaptation in response can lead to the emergence of new, non-traditional typologies of livestock production. We sought to characterise livestock production systems in two administrative regions in northern Tanzania, an area undergoing rapid social, economic, and environmental change. Questionnaire and spatial data were collected from 404 livestock-keeping households in 21 villages in Arusha and Manyara Regions in 2016. Multiple factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to classify households into livestock production systems based on household-level characteristics. Adversity-based indicators of vulnerability, including reports of hunger, illness, and livestock, land and crop losses were compared between production systems. Three distinct clusters emerged through this process. The ethnic, environmental and livestock management characteristics of households in each cluster broadly mapped onto traditional definitions of ‘pastoral’, ‘agro-pastoral’ and ‘smallholder’ livestock production in the study area, suggesting that this quantitative classification system is complementary to more qualitative classification methods. Our approach allowed us to demonstrate a diversity in typologies of livestock production at small spatial scales, with almost half of study villages comprising more than one production system. We also found indicators of change within livestock production systems, most notably the adoption of crop agriculture in the majority of pastoral households. System-level heterogeneities in vulnerability were evident, with agro-pastoral households most likely to report hunger and pastoral households most likely to report illness in people and livestock, and livestock losses. We demonstrate that livestock production systems can provide context for assessing household vulnerability in northern Tanzania. Policy initiatives to improve household and community well-being should recognise the continuing diversity of traditional livestock production systems in northern Tanzania, including the diversity that can exist at small spatial scales.

Identification of constraints in livestock production in developing countries

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 48-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Animal Product

One of the first problems which often faces experts from developed countries called upon to advise on aspects of animal production in developing countries is that he/she has no experience of the production systems encountered. The systems as well as products and resources are generally different. In Table 1 an attempt has been made to describe some categories of farming systems, their animal product listed in some order of priority of product and of the resources available for the animals.

scholarly journals An Observatory Plot System for Grain Production in the Neotropical Savannas

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Soroush Parsa ◽  
Jaime Gómez Naranjo ◽  
Diego Alejandro Alba Quijano ◽  
Andrés Aguilar Ariza ◽  
Juan David Gómez Mora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Neotropical Savanna ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Yield Variation ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
Neotropical Savannas

The neotropical savanna is the second largest biome in South America, with significant potential for agricultural development. In Colombia, this biome is experiencing rapid land-use change leading to the conversion of seminatural landscapes into to intensive agricultural systems. Our Dataset Paper documents the emerging intensive grain production systems. Between 2011 and 2013, we established 336 observatory plots within farmer’s maize, rice, and soybean fields along a 200 Km transect from Puerto Lopez (Meta) to Viento (Vichada). From each of these plots, we submit 184 descriptors or variables capturing their location, rotation history, management, and environment. Our specific objective in collecting the data was to identify key factors explaining yield variation, with emphasis on interactions between management and environmental factors potentially informing the development of site-specific management protocols. Beyond this objective, the dataset submitted here is intended to support additional inquiries contributing to the sustainable development of agriculture in the neotropical savannas.

Does basic education students know the importance of agroecology production systems for the conservation of biodiversity?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e04942784
Author(s):  
Andrea Aline Mombach ◽  
Carla Grasiele Zanin Hegel ◽  
Rogério Luis Cansian ◽  
Sônia Beatris Balvedi Zakrzevski
Keyword(s):  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Conservation Of Biodiversity

The perception of a basic education of the importance of agroecological agricultural systems for human and environmental health is fundamental for changes in consumption habits, the conservation of local biodiversity and long-term social transformation. We analyzed, by utilizing a questionnaire consisting of open and closed questions, the perceptions about agroecological and conventional agricultural production systems in 360 final students of basic education residing in nine Functional Planning Regions of southern Brazil. We used classification categories for answers within thematic axes, expressed in percentages and analyzed by means of Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. In general, students recognize agroecological systems as healthier for their families and for soil and water conservation, largely because they do not use agrochemicals. However, they demonstrated difficulties when arguing their importance for the conservation of biodiversity, ecosystems and for ensuring the food security of populations. Television was the main source of information related to agroecology, mainly for students residing in rural areas, thus pointing out shortcomings in basic education regarding the approach of the theme in schools. Our results show the need to build a complex network of knowledge and discussions on agroecological agricultural systems in basic education, involving changes in student perceptions, behaviors and sustainable choices.

Conservation of animal genetic resources: approaches and technologies for in situ and ex situ conservation

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 71-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Woolliams ◽  
O. Matika ◽  
J. Pattison
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
The Face ◽  
Livestock Products

SummaryLivestock production faces major challenges through the coincidence of major drivers of change, some with conflicting directions. These are:1. An unprecedented global change in demands for traditional livestock products such as meat, milk and eggs.2. Large changes in the demographic and regional distribution of these demands.3. The need to reduce poverty in rural communities by providing sustainable livelihoods.4. The possible emergence of new agricultural outputs such as bio-fuels making a significant impact upon traditional production systems.5. A growing awareness of the need to reduce the environmental impact of livestock production.6. The uncertainty in the scale and impact of climate change. This paper explores these challenges from a scientific perspective in the face of the large-scale and selective erosion of our animal genetic resources, and concludes thai there is a stronger and more urgent need than ever before to secure the livestock genetic resources available to humankind through a comprehensive global conservation programme.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Livestock Manure Management in Southwestern Siberia, Russia

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Storrle ◽  
Hans-Jorg Brauckmann ◽  
Gabriele Broll
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Tyumen Oblast

This study investigates the amounts of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to manure handling within different livestock production systems in Tyumen oblast of Western Siberia. Tyumen oblast occupies approx. 160 000 km² of Asian taiga and forest steppe. The amount of GHGs from manure was calculated as a function of the handling according to current IPCC guidelines for ecozones and livestock production systems. The entire Tyumen oblast has annual 7 400 t methane emissions and 440 t nitrous oxide emissions from manure. Three livestock production systems are prevalent in Tyumen oblast: Mega farms, small farms and peasant farms. The share of mega farms is 81 % (171 kt CO2 eq). Additionally, the slurry system in mega farms causes environmental pollution. GHG emissions and environmental pollution could be reduced by implementing solid manure systems or pasturing, by installing storage facilities for slurry outside the stables and through application of the manure as fertiliser at mega farms. In small farms solid manure systems and a small stocking density of livestock lead to smallest GHG emissions (1 %, 3 kt CO2 eq) from manure. In peasant farming 18 % (38 kt CO2 eq) of GHGs are emitted due to pasturing. 

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