Identification of constraints in livestock production in developing countries

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 48-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Animal Product

One of the first problems which often faces experts from developed countries called upon to advise on aspects of animal production in developing countries is that he/she has no experience of the production systems encountered. The systems as well as products and resources are generally different. In Table 1 an attempt has been made to describe some categories of farming systems, their animal product listed in some order of priority of product and of the resources available for the animals.

1.1 The desirability and implications of encouraging intensive animal production enterprises in developing countries

1981 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
W. J. A. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Livestock Systems

The apparent superior productivity of livestock systems in most developed countries, compared with those in most developing countries, has been well documented and is quantified for five major types of livestock production in Table 1.1.1. It is likely, however, that this productive superiority is not anything like as great as these data suggest. For example, a large number of the cattle and buffaloes producing beef in developing countries will almost certainly be also used for work purposes, the majority of the females will produce some milk for human consumption and all will produce manure that may be used as fertilizer or fuel. Also, large numbers of pigs and poultry in developing countries are reared as scavengers and are not fed highly-priced grain or other concentrate feeds.

scholarly journals Livestock production: recent trends, future prospects

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1554) ◽  
pp. 2853-2867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip K. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Future Production ◽  
The Future ◽  
Livestock Products

The livestock sector globally is highly dynamic. In developing countries, it is evolving in response to rapidly increasing demand for livestock products. In developed countries, demand for livestock products is stagnating, while many production systems are increasing their efficiency and environmental sustainability. Historical changes in the demand for livestock products have been largely driven by human population growth, income growth and urbanization and the production response in different livestock systems has been associated with science and technology as well as increases in animal numbers. In the future, production will increasingly be affected by competition for natural resources, particularly land and water, competition between food and feed and by the need to operate in a carbon-constrained economy. Developments in breeding, nutrition and animal health will continue to contribute to increasing potential production and further efficiency and genetic gains. Livestock production is likely to be increasingly affected by carbon constraints and environmental and animal welfare legislation. Demand for livestock products in the future could be heavily moderated by socio-economic factors such as human health concerns and changing socio-cultural values. There is considerable uncertainty as to how these factors will play out in different regions of the world in the coming decades.

Valuing forages for genetic selection: what traits should we focus on?

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 869 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Chapman ◽  
G. R. Edwards ◽  
A. V. Stewart ◽  
M. McEvoy ◽  
M. O'Donovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Feeding Value

Failure over the past two to three decades to implement industry-led, systematic forage evaluation systems that translate forage performance data to animal production and economics means that the livestock industries are poorly positioned to judge how much economic benefit they are gaining from forage plant improvement and to propose future priorities and targets. The present paper identifies several knowledge gaps that must be filled to enable the value being delivered to pasture-based livestock industries by forage improvement to be determined, demonstrated to farmers and increased in the future. Seasonal yield, total annual yield, nutritive value and feeding value of pasture are all important traits for driving the productivity of pasture-based livestock production systems. From a farm systems perspective, persistence of the yield or quality advantage of new cultivars is also economically important. However, this is the least well defined of the productivity traits considered in the paper. Contrary to anecdotal reports, evidence indicates that the genetic potential of modern ryegrass cultivars to survive in grazed pastures is at least equivalent to that of older cultivars. Plant breeding in Europe and New Zealand has changed the seasonal yield, quality and intake potential of perennial ryegrass. On the basis of dry matter (DM) yield data from small-plot evaluation trials, the New Zealand forage value index indicates that the top-ranked perennial ryegrass cultivars offer between NZ$280 and NZ $650/ha per year potential additional operating profit to dairy businesses (depending on region), compared with a historical genetic base of cultivars that were first entered into yield testing programs between 1991 and 1996. The equivalent figure in Ireland (including nutritive value effects) is about €325/ha per year. These estimates are yet to be confirmed in animal production studies. In intensive dairy systems, current rates of genetic gain in DM yield lag well behind realised rates of gain in animal genetics and associated increases in feed demand per animal. Genetic gains in yield need to double from current rates (estimated at 0.5% per year); but, it is not known whether this is possible in an outcrossing species such as perennial ryegrass, which is normally grown in a mixture with other species, especially white clover. Improvements in DM yield in seasons where extra DM has greatest economic value in grazing systems should dominate breeding objectives, but this must now be augmented by consideration of the environmental impacts of intensive pasture-based livestock production systems and opportunities to mitigate this through germplasm selection. There is less evidence that nutritive or feeding value of ryegrass cultivars significantly limits animal production and profitability and useful improvements have already been made using tetraploids and later heading material.

scholarly journals Application of gene expression studies in livestock production systems: a European perspective

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 701 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Cassar-Malek ◽  
B. Picard ◽  
C. Bernard ◽  
J.-F. Hocquette
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Animal Physiology ◽  
Animal Management ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Gene Expression Studies

In the context of sustainable agriculture and animal husbandry, understanding animal physiology remains a major challenge in the breeding and production of livestock, especially to develop animal farming systems that respond to the new and diversified consumer demand. Physiological processes depend on the expression of many genes acting in concert. Considerable effort has been expended in recent years on examining the mechanisms controlling gene expression and their regulation by biological and external factors (e.g. genetic determinants, nutritional factors, and animal management). Two main strategies have been developed to identify important genes. The first one has focussed on the expression of candidate genes for key physiological pathways at the level of both the transcripts and proteins. An original strategy has emerged with the advent of genomics that addresses the same issues through the examination of the molecular signatures of all genes and proteins using high-throughput techniques (e.g. transcriptomics and proteomics). In this review, the application of the gene expression studies in livestock production systems is discussed. Some practical examples of genomics applied to livestock production systems (e.g. to optimise animal nutrition, meat quality or animal management) are presented, and their outcomes are considered. In the future, integration of the knowledge gained from these studies will finally result in optimising livestock production systems through detection of desirable animals and their integration into accurate breeding programs or innovative management systems.

scholarly journals USE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITES: A REVIEW

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
Getachew Bekele Fereja
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Agricultural Biotechnology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Small Scale

A major benefit of agricultural research and technology is that the purchasing power of the poor increases, because both average incomes and access to staple food products are improved. The use of biotechnology will lead to a distinct shift in the economic returns from livestock. Livestock production currently accounts for about 43% of the gross value of agricultural production. In developed countries livestock accounts for more than half of agricultural production, while in developing countries the share is about one-third. This latter share, however, is rising quickly because of rapid increases in livestock production resulting from population growth, urbanization, changes in lifestyles and dietary habits and increasing disposable incomes. Therefore the objective of this review paper was to investigate the use of biotechnology in animal production and productivities. Biotechnology is regarded as a means to the rapid increase in agricultural production through addressing the production constraints of small-scale or resource-poor farmers who contribute more than 70% of the food produced in developing countries. Agricultural biotechnology as the solution to the problem of global food insecurity has also been reviewed by Soetan. Agricultural biotechnology has the potential to address some of the problems of developing countries like food insecurity, unfavorable environmental and climatic conditions etc mentioned above and also improve agricultural productivity.

Critical Factors for Technology Transfer in Cattle Production

2020 ◽  
pp. 421-440
Author(s):  
Víctor Fernando Torres-Aburto ◽  
Dinora Vázquez-Luna ◽  
Belisario Domínguez Mancera ◽  
Valentín Efrén Espinosa Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
Means Of Production

Cattle production plays an important role in economic development and food security. Developed countries have achieved optimum levels of production through the implementation of technologies that have allowed efficient use of resources. In contrast, in the developing countries, despite their suitable means of production, such as large tracts of land dedicated to livestock, and programs of nutrition and health, farmers have not widely adopted reproductive and productive supplementation. Therefore, this chapter explores the main critical factors that limit the transfer of technology in bovine production systems, analyzing the interaction between the models, actors, and means of production.

2.2 The design of farm buildings for use in developing countries

1981 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
A. K. McGuckian
Keyword(s):  
Civil Engineer ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Farm Buildings

As the theme of this conference is intensive animal production in developing countries, I will apply myself only to the design of farm buildings for the purpose of livestock production. It is important to understand that I am a farmer and not an architect or civil engineer. As such, I should be more attuned to the needs of the animal, which must represent the first criterion in building design in any circumstances. But that is not enough and, as a farmer, I am concerned to include ergonomic factors (that is the economies of labour use) and the commercial implications of any design. At the same time I must be conscious of the factors which influence architects, the materials available and the construction methods that are possible. In this regard I have the advantage of having at my disposal the Civil Engineering Division in our Company—Masstock.

7.2 Meat production from goats in developing countries

1981 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 395-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Devendra
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Animal Production Systems

In animal production systems, a particular species is utilized for two main reasons. First, because of its ability to adapt to a particular environment and use the existing resources efficiently. Second, and more particularly, its economic importance both actual and potential, which can be achieved by adjustment of the environment to suit this production. In this context, these factors are of significance to goats since they represent an important component of the livestock economies and are valued for a variety of reasons in developing countries (Devendra and Burns, 1970; Devendra, 1979a).

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