Obstetrical Care by Traditional Birth Attendance in Rural Areas of the State of Ceará, Brazil

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 863-869
Author(s):  
José Galba Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Subsistence Farming ◽  
Obstetrical Care ◽  
Birth Attendance ◽  
Low Incomes

Ceará occupies an area of 146,817 km2 in northeastern Brazil, where the climate is tropical and there are only two seasons, rainy and dry. Frequent droughts have serious consequences for subsistence farming, resulting in precarious living conditions for the rural inhabitants. In the absence of any industry to provide employment for labor, low incomes prevail, with 90% of the population receiving incomes below the minimum wage for farm workers (9).

scholarly journals The palm tree Copernicia cerifera (carnaúba) as an ecotope of Rhodnius nasutus in rural areas of the State of Piauí Northeastern Brazil

1986 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur da S. Pinto ◽  
Dalva N. da C. Bento
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Triatomine Species

The C. cerifera palm tree (carnaúba) is widely distributed in the Northeastem Brazil, including the State of Piauí. This investigation revealed that R. nasutus is the ortly triatomine species captured on that palm tree, in five different localities. 78% of palm trees were infested with triatomines, and 4.0% were infected with flagellates morphologically and biologically indistinguishable from Trypanosoma cruzi. Birds, rodents and marsupials were found as major blood meai sources for R. nasutus.

INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUSINESS IN RURAL AREAS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Bakhmatova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
The State

The development of rural areas determines the state not only of the region, but also creates conditions for the life and health of the population. Therefore, creating conditions for working in rural areas and business development will help to delay the outflow of population and ensure normal living conditions.

scholarly journals Animais peçonhentos do estado do Piauí: epidemiologia dos acidentes e lista de espécies de importância médica

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ronildo Alves Benício ◽  
Leonardo Sousa Carvalho ◽  
Mariluce Gonçalves Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
The State ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Venomous Animals ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Medical Importance ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Cases of poisoning have increased considerably in Brazil, however for state of Piauí only two studies were carried out so far. Here, we investigated, through the notification forms, the epidemiological characteristics of cases of poisoning that occurred during 11 years in a macro-region of Picos, state of Piauí, Northeastern Brazil. Furthermore, we also check whether the species recorded in the notification forms correspond to the species that occur in the region. We recorded 1.249 cases of envenomations, being 41% caused by scorpions, 35% caused by snakes and 24% caused by spiders. Most cases (arachnids = 99%, scorpions = 93%, snakes = 52%) there was no identification of species causing the accident. Most of the victims of the accidents (66%) were male individuals between 18 and 24 years from rural areas, stung during field activities in the rainy season (January-March). The most common injury sites were the lower limbs (37%) and the majority (53%) of the accidents was the mild type. This is the first study that reports the epidemiological profile of a series of envenomations (including arachnids and snakes) during 11 years of records in the state of Piauí. Furthermore, we also present the first list of species of arachnids and snakes of medical importance to the state. Our results demonstrate that there was a high incidence of accidents by venomous animals in the Center-South region of the state, most of the records was not notified in SINAN, most records does not present the identification of the species responsible for the accident, and there are records whose species was incorrectly identified.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of snakebite accidents in the municipalities of the state of Paraíba, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1463-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renner de Souza Leite ◽  
Isabely Tamarys Gomes Targino ◽  
Ysabel Arianne Cordeiro Ferreira Lopes ◽  
Rafaella Moreno Barros ◽  
Alecxandro Alves Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Health Ministry ◽  
Venomous Animals ◽  
System Data ◽  
Data Banks

Accidents involving venomous animals represent an important, albeit neglected, public health issue worldwide. A descriptive study was made of snakebite cases attended and recorded between 2007 and 2010 in the health units of the municipalities of Cariri, State of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. Data was collected from the Injury Notification Information System data banks of the Health Ministry and a total of 351 records of snakebite victims were reviewed. Victims were predominantly male farm workers over 50. The highest incidence of snakebites occurred in rural areas, between April and June of 2007 and 2010. Snakes of the genus Bothrops were responsible for most cases, and victims were mostly bitten on the feet. The majority of the victims received medical assistance within 1 to 3 hours after being bitten. The most common clinical manifestations were pain, edema and ecchymosis, which were mainly classified as mild or moderate. Two deaths were reported. It was concluded that there is a significant impact of seasonality in snakebites, the prevalence of attacks caused by Bothrops, affecting the lower limbs of adult male farmers in rural areas. The findings of this study may contribute to identify the conditions that increase the risk of snake attacks in the northeastern region.

The Influence of Living Conditions of Boarding Houses and Dormitories on the Well-being of the State University Students

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowee Joy S. Decena
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
College Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
State University ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Being There

In pursuit of quality education, students from rural areas and provinces come to the cities and educational centers to acquire a better education. As a result, students find themselves in crowded residential areas and urban slums. This study was conducted to determine the living conditions and well-being of the students of Western Mindanao State University (WMSU) who live in boarding houses and dormitories while pursuing their college education.  There were 270 sample respondents in the study. The researcher used descriptive design, and the data were subjected to descriptive statistics. The results revealed that the respondents mostly came from Zamboanga del Norte, were female, single and from 15 to 20 years old.  They described their boarding houses and dormitories as adequate for their living standards. A significant difference was shown in their living condition when they were grouped according to age. Regarding, their well-being, the respondents' physical well-being were rated the highest, followed by emotional well-being, social well- being and academic well-being. There was a significant difference in the well-being of the respondents when grouped according to the place of origin and year level. The study concludes that living conditions in boarding houses and dormitories influenced the well-being of the State University Students significantly.

A Synopsis of Dicliptera (Acanthaceae) in Brazil, with the Description of Two New Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-348
Author(s):  
James Lucas da Costa-Lima ◽  
Earl Celestino de Oliveira Chagas
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
The North ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
A New Species

Abstract—A synopsis of Dicliptera (Acanthaceae) for Brazil is presented. Six species are recognized: Dicliptera ciliaris, D. sexangularis, and D. squarrosa, widely distributed in South America; D. purpurascens, which ranges from the North Region of Brazil (in the state of Acre) to eastern Bolivia; D. gracilirama, a new species from the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil; and D. granchaquenha, a new species recorded in dry and semideciduous forests in Bolivia and western Brazil, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Furthermore, we propose new synonyms and designate lectotypes for eleven names. An identification key to the six accepted Dicliptera species in Brazil is provided.

A PROPOSED EVALUATION PLAN TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF A YOUTH DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME FACILITATED BY THE STATE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AGENCY (SITA) IN RURAL SOUTH AFRICA

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
Maura Mbunyuza-deHeer Menlah
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The State ◽  
State Information ◽  
Evaluation Plan ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
The Impact

This article reports on a proposed evaluation plan that has been developed to assess the work done by the State Information Technology Agency (SITA). The SITA programme was implemented in response to the South African government’s call to improve the lives of the populations in some rural areas through technology. The programme was meant to address slow development in  rural  areas  that  lack  technological  innovations  and  advances.  In  the proposed evaluation plan a review is made of secondary data, deciding how strategic priorities are to be determined, as well as analysis of the rural context environment. The researcher gives an account of how the evaluation strategies are to be piloted and rolled out thereafter. Lessons learnt are recorded and reported upon. A proposed evaluation plan will be developed, based on the lessons learnt in line with the objectives of the project.

Traditional and Customary Law: Adat

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Butt ◽  
Tim Lindsey
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
The State ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The Past ◽  
Statutory Protection ◽  
Traditional Communities

Many Indonesians—primarily those living in rural areas—still follow customary law (adat). The precise rules and processes of that adat differ significantly from place to place, even within short distances. This chapter shows that for many decades, adat has been subservient to national law. State-made law overrode it, leaving it applicable only in a very small proportion of cases where no national law applied, where judges could apply it as ‘living law’. Even in these cases, many judges ignored adat or distorted it when deciding cases. The 1945 Constitution was amended in 2000 to require the state to formally recognize and respect customary law, as practised in traditional communities. The Constitutional Court has given effect to this in various judicial review cases, as have some statutes enacted in the past decade or so. However, this constitutional and statutory ‘protection’ has been impeded in practice by requirements for traditional communities to be formally ‘recognized’ by their local governments, many of whom have been unresponsive to calls for recognition.

Outbreak of beriberi in the state of Maranhão, Brazil: revisiting the mycotoxin aetiologic hypothesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Cristina Alves Vieira Lima ◽  
Eucilene Alves Santana Porto ◽  
José Ricardo Pio Marins ◽  
Rejane Maria Alves ◽  
Rosângela Rosa Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Thiamine Deficiency ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The State ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Subsistence Farming

Beriberi is caused by thiamine deficiency. Early 20th century epidemics in Japan were attributed to rice contaminated by citreoviridin mycotoxin. Our investigation of an outbreak of beriberi in Brazil showed an association of beriberi with the consumption of poor quality subsistence farming rice, although, unlike other investigators of this outbreak, we did not identify citreoviridin producing fungi in the implicated rice.

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