Assessing Population-Based Programs to Reduce Blood Cholesterol Level and Saturated Fats

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkki Vartiainen ◽  
Gregory Heath ◽  
Earl Ford
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Blood Cholesterol Level ◽  
Reference Area ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Saturated Fats ◽  
Intervention Area

AbstractThis article reviews seven community-based programs for prevention of cardiovascular disease and their effects on blood cholesterol levels and saturated fat intake. In two programs, cholesterol levels were reduced more in the intervention area than in the reference area. In two other programs, cholesterol increased less in the intervention area than in the reference area. In one program, cholesterol levels initially fell in the intervention group and increased in the reference group; after the first 4 years, the levels also started to increase in the intervention group. The final two programs reduced cholesterol equally in both groups. Only two programs reported on the intake of saturated fats; in both, intake of saturated fat was reduced more in the intervention area than in the reference populations. In one program area, total intake of fat was reduced more than in the reference area. Published data do not allow us to draw conclusions regarding which components of the programs were most important. These studies show that the average blood cholesterol level can be affected in a general population.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Alpukat Terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Total Darah Pada Mahasiswa/i Obesitas Di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas HKBP Nommensen Medan Tahun 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Syupiarni Putri Waruwu ◽  
Joseph Partogi Sibarani ◽  
Saharnauli Janna Verawaty Simorangkir
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Blood Cholesterol Level ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Total Blood Cholesterol

Background: Cholesterol is a fat that does not dissolve easily in the blood. Most of the cholesterol in the blood is attached to specific protein carriers in the plasma in the form of lipoprotein complexes, which are soluble in water. Lipoprotein which carries cholesterol throughout the body. namely LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) and HDL (High Density Lipoprotein). An increase in LDL in the body tends to form atherosclerosis. In contrast HDL cholesterol inhibits LDL oxidation so that atherosclerotic plaque formation does not occur. Obesity is one of the risk factors for atherosclerosis with manifestations of coronary heart disease. Handling of obesity has been done by many researchers and implemented. One ingredient from nature that serves as an alternative ingredient to lower blood cholesterol levels is avocado. Objective: To determine the effect of avocado administration on total blood cholesterol levels in the obese college students at the Medical Faculty of Nommensen HKBP University in 2019. Methods :This research is a pre-experimental study with a pre-post test design in one group. The sample was selected by purposive sampling method and obtained 20 obese students. Subjects consumed avocado juice every day for 14 days. Total cholesterol levels were measured before (day 0) and after (day 14) treatment. Results: The mean total cholesterol level of the subject's blood on the pretest examination was 188.10 mg / dL and the posttest examination was 180.05 mg / dL. There was a decrease in the average total blood cholesterol level of 8.05 mg / dl. Paired T-test showed that there was a non-significant decrease in mean total blood cholesterol level with a value of p = 0.068 (p <0.05). Conclusion: In this study there was no effect of avocado administration on total blood cholesterol levels in obese students.

scholarly journals PENGARUH AIR REBUSAN DAUN MAMPELAS (Teteracera indica) TERHADAP KADAR KOLESTEROL DARAH MENCIT

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Dian Samitra ◽  
Zico Fakhrur Rozi
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Cholesterol Level ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Traditional Remedies ◽  
Lower Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Tetracera indica Merr. locally known as Mampelas is commonly used in traditional remedies. It believed to have the potential to cure hypercholesterolemia. The potential use of this plant to lower blood cholesterol level was understudied; therefore this study aimed to determine the effect of the infusion of fresh leaves of Tetracera indica to the blood cholesterol levels of mice. This research was true experimental design, a post-test only design with nonequivalent (control) groups. This study used 25 male mice divided into five categories, i.e., P0 mice were administered with 0 g of infusion, P1 mice with 2 g infusion, P2 mice with 5 g infusion, P3 mice with 10 g infusion, and P4 mice without Tetracera indica infusion but 10 mg of simvastatin. The treatment in all categories were given continuously for seven days. The results showed the mean of the blood cholesterol levels were 169.4 ± 59.37 mg/dL in P0, 121.8 ± 7.62 mg/dL in P1, 136.2 ± 15.69 mg/dL in P2, 110.6 ± 37 , 01 mg/dL in P3 , and 179,0 ± 35,24 mg/dL in P4. Kruskal Wallis test was calculated to determine the difference of blood cholesterol level among all groups, and it reported p < 0.05. The results of this study showed that infusion of Tetracera indica leaf was significantly lowered the level of blood cholesterol in mice.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Berbagai Olahan Telur terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Total Darah Mencit

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Putri Mira Magistri ◽  
Rismawati YaswiR ◽  
Yustini Alioes
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Cholesterol Level ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Blood Cholesterol

AbstrakMasyarakat menggunakan berbagai cara pengolahan sebelum mengonsumsi telur yang dapat berpengaruh terhadap kadar zat gizi yang terkandung didalamnya, termasuk kadar kolesterol dalam telur yang juga akan mempengaruhi kadar kolesterol dalam darah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan pengaruh pemberian berbagai olahan telur terhadap kadar kolesterol total darah mencit. Penelitian menggunakan 24 ekor mencit (Mus musculus) jantan albino umur 3 – 4 bulan dengan berat badan sekitar 30 – 40 gram. Jenis kandang yang digunakan adalah kandang kotak (box) sebanyak 24 unit dengan ukuran 28x30x20 cm. Metode yang digunakan ialah eksperimen dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) terdiri dari 6 unit perlakuan, yaitu unit perlakuan K (Kontrol), unit perlakuan A (telur mentah), unit perlakuan B (telur goreng), unit perlakuan C (telur rebus), unit perlakuan D (telur setengah matang) dan unit perlakuan E (telur asin). Dosis perlakuan adalah 1,56ml/20gram berat badan/mencit dan masing-masing perlakuan diulang 4 kali. Parameter yang diukur adalah kadar kolesterol total darah mencit. Hasil analisis keragaman menunjukan bahwa pemberian berbagai olahan telur memberikan pengaruh berbeda sangat nyata (P<0.01) terhadap kadar kolesterol total darah mencit. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa rerata kadar kolesterol total darah mencit setelah diberikan berbagai olahan telur adalah telur mentah 106.96 mg/dl, telur goreng 143.53 mg/dl, telur rebus 194.50 mg/dl, telur setengah matang 180.91 mg/dl, dan telur asin 158.27 mg/dl.Kata kunci: olahan telur, kadar kolesterol total darah, mencit AbstractPeople use various methods of processing before consumption eggs which can affect the levels of nutrients contained in, including cholesterol content which can also affect the levels of total cholesterol in blood. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of giving a variety of processed egg on total cholesterol levels of mice. The experiment used 24 male albino mice (Mus nusculus) age 3 – 4 months old with 30 – 40 grams of body weight. The den used was 24 units of box with size of 28x30x20 cm. The experiment used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consist of 6 treatment units which was K (control), A (raw egg), B (fried egg), C (boiled egg), D (soft-boiled egg), and E (salted egg). The dosage was  1.56 ml/20 grams of body weight/mice and 4 replication for each treatment units. The parameter measured was total blood cholesterol level of mice.  Results of analysis of variance showed that giving of a variety of processed egg gave highly  significant  effect (P <0.01) on total blood cholesterol levels of mice. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the average total blood cholesterol levels of mice after giving of various preparations of eggs is as follows: raw eggs 106.96 mg / dl, fried eggs 143.53 mg / dl, boiled eggs 194.50 mg / dl, soft-boiled eggs 180.91 mg / dl, and salted egg 158.27 mg / dl..Keywords: processed egg, total blood cholesterol level,  mice

scholarly journals The effect of chocolate consumption (Theobroma cacao L.) on level of blood cholesterol and triglyceride in hypertension patients at Jatiroto Health Center, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Muzaroah Ermawati Ulkhasanah ◽  
Suharyo Hadisaputro ◽  
Rr. Sri Endang Pujiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Triglyceride Level ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Dark Chocolate ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Blood Cholesterol Level ◽  
Hypertensive Patients

Background: Hypertension is influenced by lifestyle factors such as high fat intake which has the potential for high blood cholesterol level. Cocoa products, which are rich sources of flavonoids, have been shown to reduce blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular disease.Aims: The purpose of this research is to examine the dark chocolate consumption in decreasing the level of blood cholesterol and triglyceride in hypertension patients.Methods: This research is a quasi-experiment study with pre and post and control group design. There were thirty two (32) hypertensive patients selected from Jatiroto Health Center in June-July 2018 using a random sampling technique. The respondents were then divided to (1) a control group where patients were prescribed to a popular non-pharmacological therapy Simvastatin and (2) an intervention group where the respondents were prescribed with Simvastatin and also received an additional dark chocolate 60gr/day (given twice a day, each 30gr) for 15 days. A spectrophotometer glycerol phosphate oxidase (GPO-POD) with 546 nm wavelength was employed to measure the levels of blood cholesterol and triglyceride. The significant mean difference between pre and posttest, and the changes between control and intervention group were defined by statistical analysis T-test.Results: This study acknowledged that the prescribed simvastatin alone presents a significant contribution to decrease the cholesterol level at 14.40 point (p value = 0.041), however, the generic is not enough to deliver a significant effect to the decrease of triglyceride level in the hypertension patients (p value = 0.361). A great contribution to the depression of cholesterol and triglyceride level in the hypertensive respondent was observed if simvastatin prescription was combined with a provision of 60 gram dark chocolate, respectively to the level of 57.06 and 38.41 mg/dL with p value = 0.001. The addition of dark chocolate in the simvastatin prescription will significantly reduce the blood cholesterol level (p value = 0.020), but not really effective to reduce the triglyceride (p value = 0.560).Conclusion: The findings suggest that giving dark chocolate to the hypertensive patients who receive simvastatin prescription will decrease the cholesterol and triglyceride levels greater than the consumption of simvastatin drugs alone. Keywords: Dark chocolate, Simvastatin, Hypertension, Cholesterol, Triglyceride

scholarly journals Influence of simvastatin on bone regeneration of tibial defects and blood cholesterol level in rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lia Anbinder ◽  
Juliana Campos Junqueira ◽  
Maria Nadir G. Mancini ◽  
Ivan Balducci ◽  
Rosilene Fernandes da Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Cholesterol Level ◽  
Water Group ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of simvastatin, by oral or subcutaneous administration, on tibial defects regeneration and blood cholesterol level in rats. A surgical defect was made on the right tibia of 40 male animals assigned to 4 groups (n=10), based on two routes of administration and on the use or not of simvastatin: subcutaneous injection of simvastatin (7 mg/kg) (group AT) or only the vehicle of drug suspension (group AC), above the defect area, for 5 days; and 20 mg/kg of simvastatin macerated on water (group BT) or only water (group BC), orally, daily, during the whole observation period. The animals were sacrificed after 15 or 30 days, when blood samples were analyzed to check plasma cholesterol levels. Tibiae were removed and, after decalcification and routine laboratorial processing, histological and histomorphometrical analyses were carried out. ANOVA was used for statistical analysis at 5% signficance level. The histological and histomorphometrical analyses showed significant differences only between the experimental periods (p<0.05). Animals sacrificed after 30 days showed better bone repair (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) for blood cholesterol levels between the groups. In conclusion, simvastatin administration either orally or subcutaneously did not improve bone repair of experimental tibial defects and did not alter blood cholesterol levels in rats.

Pediatric Preventive Cardiology: Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 303-314
Author(s):  
William B. Strong ◽  
Barbara A. Dennison
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Diet Therapy ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Blood Cholesterol Level ◽  
Preventive Cardiology ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Pediatric preventive cardiology has as one of its goals, the reduction in incidence and severity of cardiovascular disease in adults by the promotion of prudent life-styles in children and adolescents. Few would find fault with this goal, yet the "best" approach and strategy to reduce atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease has been the source of controversy.1-4 The recently published National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference Statement on lowering blood cholesterol to prevent heart disease has summarized the literature relating blood cholesterol and heart disease.5 The strategies recommended include: (1) dietary changes to reduce total dietary fat, saturated fat, and dietary cholesterol consumption in everyone older than 2 years of age, (2) universal blood cholesterol screening for all adults older than 18 years of age, (3) more intensive diet therapy for those with a blood cholesterol level ≥75th percentile, (4) possible addition of drug therapy for individuals whose blood cholesterol levels remain ≥75th percentile despite diet therapy, and (5) in individuals with elevated blood cholesterol levels, emphasis on management of other coronary heart disease risk factors: hypertension, cigarette smoking, diabetes and physical inactivity. The European Atherosclerosis Society has also recently advocated screening the population to find those at high risk (eg, those with an elevated blood cholesterol level in conjunction with population strategies to improve nutrition, eradicate smoking, control hypertension, and promote suitable physical activity.6

scholarly journals Effect of Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoidez L) Leaf Extract on Total Blood Cholesterol Levels of Broiler

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Egi Supriyadi ◽  
Roslizawaty Roslizawaty ◽  
Zuhrawati Zuhrawati
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Total Cholesterol Level ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Blood Cholesterol Level ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Total Blood Cholesterol

This study aimed to determine the effect of bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L) leaf extract on total blood cholesterol level of broiler. This study used 15 broiler aged of 25 days. This study was an experimental study using completely randomized design (CRD) unidirectional pattern with 3 treatment groups and 5replications each. Group 0 (P0) was not given bandotan leaf extract, group 1 (P1) was given 3 ml bandotan leaf extract, and group 2 (P 2) was given 5 ml bandotan leaf extract. The administration of Bandotan leaf extract was carried out once a day for 5 consecutive days. On day 6 after treatment, the blood was collected then examined for total blood cholesterol level by precipitation method. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance. The result showed that the average of total cholesterol level on group P0, P1, and P2 was 134.20+10.50, 125.15+8.20, and 113.34+7.50 mg/dl, respectively. In conclusion, bandotan leaf extract decrease blood cholesterol levels of broiler.Key words: broiler, bandotan leaf extract, total cholesterol level

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PROBIOTIC AND PREBIOTIC CONSUMPTION ON BLOOD CHOLESTEROL LEVEL IN THE ELDERLY IN POSYANDU MANISJANGAN YOGYAKARTA

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
Diyan Yunanto Setyaji ◽  
Fransisca Anjar Rina Setyani
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Cholesterol Level ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei Shirota

Background: With advanced age, an increase in lipid profile is associated with the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Previous studies showed that the administration of probiotic and/or prebiotic are effective in improving lipid profiles. However, other studies have also shown that probiotic and prebiotic had insignificant effects on lipid profiles.Objectives: Determined the effects of probiotic and prebiotic on blood cholesterol level in the elderly.Methods: A total of 64 elderly who did not take cholesterol-lowering drugs enrolled in the quasi-experiment pretest-posttest design and were assigned to three interventions and control groups. The subjects in PRE-group consumed 100 grams of mung bean porridge per day; the subjects in PRO-group consumed 65 ml of fermented milk enriched with Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain per day; the subjects in PREPRO-group consumed 100 grams of mung bean porridge and 65 ml of fermented milk enriched with Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain per day. All intervention groups received treatment for 4 weeks. The control group did not receive any treatment during the study. Before and after treatment, cholesterol data was collected. Paired t-test, ANOVA, Post-hoc LSD were used for statistical analysis.Results There was an increase in cholesterol levels in PRE, PRO, PREPRO-groups (12.93 mg/dL; 48.37 mg/dL; and 7.62 mg/dL). Among the three intervention groups, only the consumption of probiotic was significant for changes in blood cholesterol levels (p 0.023). The administration of various interventions did not have a significant effect on changes in cholesterol levels (p 0.246) when compared to the control group.Conclusion: Prebiotic and probiotic do not lower blood cholesterol level in the elderly in Posyandu Manisjangan Yogyakarta.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KERAGAMAN GEN DGAT1 TERHADAP KADAR KOLESTEROL DAN TRIGELISERIDA DARAH DOMBA PADJADJARAN (The Effect of DGAT1 Gene Diversity on Padjadjaran Sheep to Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dedi Rahmat Dudi Sayu Putu Yuni Paryati
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Cholesterol Oxidase ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Cholesterol Level ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Dgat1 Gene

Abstrak Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh keragaman gen DGAT1 pada domba Padjadjaran terhadap kandungan kolesterol dan trigiserida darah. Ternak domba yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan domba Padjadjaran umur 1,5 tahun, yang telah diidentifikasi memiliki genotipe tertentu berdasarkan gen DGAT1. Total sampel domba yang digunakan sebanyak 15 ekor. Sampel yang digunakan terdistribusi dalam tiga genotipe (5 CC, 5 CT dan 5 TT). Penilaian komponen lemak meliputi: (1) Kandungan kolesterol total dan Kandungan Trigeliserida. Pemeriksaan kolesterol menggunakan metode: CHOD-PAP (Cholesterol Oxidase-Peroxidase Aminoantipyrine Phenol). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar kolesterol total darah domba Padjajaran berada pada kisaran normal dan keragaman gen DGAT1 tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar kolesterol darah. Dari ketiga genotype DGAT, menunjukkan kelompok CC memiliki kadar kolesterol total paling rendah, dibandingkan kelompok lainnya, sedangkan kadar trigliserida terendah didapatkan pada genotype TT, namun tidak berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan genotype CC dan CT. Kata-kata kunci: domba Padjadjaran, gen DGAT1, kolesterol Abstract The study was conducted to determine the effect of DGAT1 gene diversity on Padjadjaran sheep to cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The sheep used in this study is a 1.5-year-old Padjadjaran sheep, which has a specific genotype based on the DGAT1 gene. Total sample of sheep that used as many as 15 tail. The samples used were distributed in three genotypes (5 CC, 5 CT and 5 TT). Assessment of fat content are total cholesterol and Trigeliserida.,using cholesterol method: CHOD-PAP (Cholesterol Oxidase-Peroxidase Aminoantipyrine Phenol). The results showed that total DGAT1 did not significantly affect to blood cholesterol level. Of the three DGAT genotypes, the CC group had the lowest total cholesterol levels, compared to the other groups, while the triglyceride levels were low in the TT genotype, but not significantly different from the CC and CT genotypes. Keywords : Padjadjaran sheep, DGAT1, Choleseterol

scholarly journals The Effect of pineaple juice (Ananas comosus) on Blood Cholesterol Level of Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) hipercholesterolemia

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuhrawati N. A.
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Blood Cholesterol Level ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Pineapple Juice ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Total Blood Cholesterol

This study aims to know the effect of pineapple juice on blood cholesterol level of male hypercholesterolemic rabbits. A total of 12 local male rabbits aged 1-2 years with body weight ranging from 0.9-1.6 kg were used as sampel. Sample were divided randomly into 4 treatmentgroups, each group consisting of 3 replications. All rabbits were initially examined for the total cholesterol levels, before fed with a diet to makehypercholesterolemic. The rabbits were then fed with a mixture of 90% sugar solution as much as 6 gr/kg body weight and egg yolks as much as3 gr/kg body weight for 7 consecutive days using a stomach sonde, followed with re-examination of total cholesterol. Samples were thenadministered with pineapple juice on KI (10 g /kg BW), KII (20 g/kg BW), and KIII (30 g/kg), while the K0 as controls were not given pineapplejuice. After 10 days of administration of pineapple juice, rabbit blood was collected through the auricular vein for total cholesterol examinationusing the Chod-PAP. Data were analyzed by ANOVA completely randomized design (CRD) one way, and the difference between the treatmentgroup was examined using Duncan's multiple test. Results showed that the mean (±SD) of total blood cholesterol levels of rabbits (mg/dl) groupsK0, KI, KII, and KIII after the administration of pineapple juice in a row was 176.60 ± 57.10; 66.60±12.50; 63±17.70; and 57.60±24.80.Statistical analysis showed that treatment affect significantly (P0.05) to decrease total blood cholesterol levels of rabbits. In conclusion, theadministration of pineapple juice (Ananas comosus) for ten consecutive days can decrease blood total cholesterol of hypercholesterolemiarabbits.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Key words: diet cholesterol, pineapple juice, total cholesterol levels, rabbit

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