Distribution of subcutaneous and intermuscular fatty tissue of the mid-thigh measured by MRI—A putative indicator of serum adiponectin level and individual factors of cardio-metabolic risk

Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with hypoadiponectinemia. On the contrary, studies revealed correlations between the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and higher serum adiponectin levels. Furthermore, independent association of intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) deposit in the thigh with cardiometabolic risk factors (including total blood cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides), and decreased insulin sensitivity, as MetS components, are sufficiently described. The combined relationship of thigh IMAT and SAT with serum adiponectin, leptin levels, and cardiometabolic risk factors have not been investigated till date. Since both SAT and IMAT play a role in fat metabolism, we hypothesized that the distribution pattern of SAT and IMAT in the mid-thigh might be related to adiponectin, leptin levels, and serum lipid parameters. We performed adipose tissue quantification using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the mid-thigh in 156 healthy volunteers (78 male/78 female). Laboratory measurements of lipid panel, serum adiponectin, and leptin levels were conducted. Total serum adiponectin level showed a significant correlation with the percentage of SAT of the total thigh adipose tissue (SAT/ (IMAT+SAT)) for the whole study population and in sex-specific analysis. Additionally, SAT/(IMAT+SAT) was negatively correlated with known cardiometabolic risk factors such as elevated total blood cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides; but positively correlated with serum high-density lipoprotein. In multiple linear regression analysis, (SAT/(IMAT+SAT)) was the most strongly associated variable with adiponectin. Interestingly, leptin levels did not show a significant correlation with this ratio. Adipose tissue distribution in the mid-thigh is not only associated to serum adiponectin levels, independent of sex. This proposed quantitative parameter for adipose tissue distribution could be an indicator for individual factors of a person`s cardiometabolic risk and serve as additional non-invasive imaging marker to ensure the success of lifestyle interventions.

The effects of dyslipidemia on noise-induced hearing loss in a petrochemical workers in the Southwest of Iran

BACKGROUND: Research has shown that the decrease in the inner diameter of vessels caused by hyperlipidemia lowers the capacity for blood oxygen delivery to the cochlea. This leads to impaired cochlear metabolism and causes hearing problems. OBJECTIVE: The effects of dyslipidemia on noise-induced hearing loss in workers were examined. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 692 male employees in a petrochemical industry in the southwest of Iran exposed to 85 dB noise. Clinical audiometry and blood sample tests were used to evaluate the hearing and prevalence indices of dyslipidemia (cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL). The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25 (p = 0.05). RESULTS: The results showed that the prevalence of dyslipidemia was 24.5%with abnormal relative triglyceride frequency of 49.5%, HDL of 28%, LDL of 33%, and total blood cholesterol level of 37.8%. There was no significant relationship between NIHL and dyslipidemia (p > 0.09). However, the major NIHL drops at different frequencies were in the individuals with dyslipidemia. The parameters age and dyslipidemia increased NIHL odds ratio (95%C.I.). by 1.130 (1.160–1.100) and 1.618 (2.418–1.082) respectively CONCLUSION: The rate of hearing loss in individuals with dyslipidemia increases at different frequencies and it leads to an increase of the OR of NIHL in individuals with dyslipidemia. We can control dyslipidemia and its effective factors. The NIHL is more common in people exposed to noise.

Potensi Dedak Padi yang Difermentasi dengan Enzim Fitase dalam Pakan Basal Terhadap Kolesterol Total Darah Ayam Petelur

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of rice bran fermented by the enzyme phytase in basal feed to the total blood cholesterol level of laying hen. This research use an experimental method in vivo with a completely randomized design consisting of six treatments and four replications in each treatment. The experimental animals used 24 48-week-old female laying hen strain Isa Brown. The treatment wa given basal feed substituted with different percentage of fermented rice bran by phytase enzyme and 2% lemuru fish oil supplementation. In this research the amount of fermented rice bran by phytase enzyme substituted on basal feed was: treatment P0 (-) (0%), P0 (+) (0%), P1 (5%), P2 (10%) P3 (15%) and P4 (20%). The results of the statistical analysis showed that there are no significant differences (p> 0.05) on total blood cholesterol levels in all treatments. The conclusion of the research is that rice bran fermented by phytase enzymes tends to decrease total blood cholesterol levels in laying hen.

Yellow Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima D.) Extract As Anti-Hypercolesterolemia

Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for various diseases, which is still a big problem in Indonesia. Yellow pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima D.) is a plant containing flavonoids and terpenoids, which can be used as an anti-hypercholesterolemic agent. This study aims to analyze the activity and dosage of yellow pumpkin extract, which can be used as an anti-hypercholesterolemic agent to reduce total cholesterol levels comparable to simvastatin by 1.8mg/kg BW/day. This research is pure experimental research with a pre and post-test group design approach. The number of samples was 25 male Wistar rats induced by high-fat feed, quail egg yolk: pork oil (2:1) by 5 ml/200 gramBW/day for 7 days. The extract dosage range was 200, 400, 600 mg/kg BW/ day for 7 days. Data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA. The results showed that the administration of yellow pumpkin extract could reduce rats' total blood cholesterol levels with a dose of 600 mg/kg BW/day, comparable to simvastatin 1.8 mg/kg BW/day. The secondary metabolites of the extract were flavonoids and terpenoids. Extract of yellow pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima D.) could reduce total blood cholesterol levels of rats. The dose of 600 mg/kg BW/day could reduce blood cholesterol levels in rats comparable to simvastatin 1.8 mg/kg BW / day.

Sources of conjugated linoleic acid and lauric acid inoculated into the eggs of quails and its effects on immunity

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of in-egg inoculation with sources of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and lauric acid (AL), going by the weight of lymphoid organs and the biochemical profile of the blood of cut quails, from one to 35 days of age. We used 360 quails distributed in a completely randomized design, in six treatments and six replicates of 10 birds per plot. Corn oil (OM) was used to dilute the CLA and AL. The experimental treatments were: healthy eggs (control); eggs inoculated with OM thinner; eggs inoculated with CLA 120 mg / 50 mL OM; eggs inoculated with CLA 240 mg / 50 mL OM; eggs inoculated with AL 60 mg / 50 mL OM and eggs inoculated with AL 90 mg / 50 mL OM. The results were analyzed through Program R at the level of 5% significance. To verify the normal distribution of errors, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test was applied. At 21 days, an effect of p < 0.05 was observed for the total blood cholesterol content, inoculations with CLA reduced, even as AL increased, regardless of the level. At 35 days, it was found (p < 0.05) that the levels of total cholesterol and AST in the blood decreased with inoculations of CLA and AL at the lower levels, compared to those that did not receive the inoculations. The CLA and AL levels supplemented via egg inoculations did not interfere with the weight of the lymphoid organs (thymus, Fabricius bursa) of the birds, at both ages. Supplementation in eggs of cut quails with CLA 240 mg reduced the total blood cholesterol content compared to CLA 120 mg, at 21 days of age. At 35 days of age, higher concentrations of CLA and AL increased the total cholesterol and AST in the blood of birds and AL had a greater effect on the increase than CLA.

Pengaruh Pemberian Alpukat Terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Total Darah Pada Mahasiswa/i Obesitas Di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas HKBP Nommensen Medan Tahun 2019

Background: Cholesterol is a fat that does not dissolve easily in the blood. Most of the cholesterol in the blood is attached to specific protein carriers in the plasma in the form of lipoprotein complexes, which are soluble in water. Lipoprotein which carries cholesterol throughout the body. namely LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) and HDL (High Density Lipoprotein). An increase in LDL in the body tends to form atherosclerosis. In contrast HDL cholesterol inhibits LDL oxidation so that atherosclerotic plaque formation does not occur. Obesity is one of the risk factors for atherosclerosis with manifestations of coronary heart disease. Handling of obesity has been done by many researchers and implemented. One ingredient from nature that serves as an alternative ingredient to lower blood cholesterol levels is avocado. Objective: To determine the effect of avocado administration on total blood cholesterol levels in the obese college students at the Medical Faculty of Nommensen HKBP University in 2019. Methods :This research is a pre-experimental study with a pre-post test design in one group. The sample was selected by purposive sampling method and obtained 20 obese students. Subjects consumed avocado juice every day for 14 days. Total cholesterol levels were measured before (day 0) and after (day 14) treatment. Results: The mean total cholesterol level of the subject's blood on the pretest examination was 188.10 mg / dL and the posttest examination was 180.05 mg / dL. There was a decrease in the average total blood cholesterol level of 8.05 mg / dl. Paired T-test showed that there was a non-significant decrease in mean total blood cholesterol level with a value of p = 0.068 (p <0.05). Conclusion: In this study there was no effect of avocado administration on total blood cholesterol levels in obese students.

‘Moscow longevity’ program: effectiveness of physical activity in secondary prevention of hypertension

Regular aerobic exercise is recommended for the prevention and complex treatment of patients with hypertension. Increasing public awareness about modifiable risk factors and the introduction of various tools to help patients to improve these factors is one of the priority goals of modern healthcare. Regular physical activity lowers total blood cholesterol levels. ‘The Moscow longevity’ program helps patients of retirement age to increase their daily physical activity, to improve their mood, overall well-being and prognosis.

Faktor Risiko yang Mempengaruhi Terjadinya Stroke Non Hemoragik pada Pasien di RS RK Charitas dan RS Myria Palembang

Non-hemorrhagic stroke is a frequent case of stroke caused by blockage of blood vessels and the accumulation of changeable and unchangeable risk factors. The impact of stroke is a long-term physical and functional disorder that affects the life quality of the patient and the family. The aim of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the occurrence of non-hemorrhagic stroke. This study is an observational analytic epidemiological study with case control research design conducted in 2 private hospitals. The samples were selected sequentially with a ratio of 1: 2 (case: control) consisting of 50 patients with non-hemorrhagic stroke and 100 patients without non-hemorrhagic stroke. The data was analyzed by univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis method by using binary logistic regression. The results of risk factor analysis which were independently associated were Total Blood Cholesterol, History of Hypertension, Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure, and Cardiac Examination. The multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors affecting non hemorrhagic stroke were History of Hypertension (OR: 6,476, p = 0.000, 95% CI: 2,338-17,935), Total Blood Cholesterol Level ≥200 mg/dl (OR: 6,139, p = 0.000, 95% CI: 2,334-16,148), Education Level (OR: 0,311, p = 0.009, 95% CI: 0,129-0,747), Gender (OR: 0.379, p = 0.022, 95% CI: 0.165-0.871 ), and Obesity (OR: 2,217, p = 0.080, 95% CI: 0.910-5.401). As a conclusion, there were 5 variables of risk factors that influence to Non Hemorrhagic Stroke. If those variables of risk factors were exist in the respondent, the risk of a non hemorrhagic Stroke reached 81.6%. It was suggested that the patients made an effort on preventions by maintaining a healthy lifestyle and controlling risk factors affecting the occurrence of non-hemorrhagic stroke.

Effect Of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Fraction In Reducing Total Blood Cholesterol Levels and Triglyceride in Mice (Mus muscullus L.)

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) will be examined by looking at the ability between pomegranate extracts or fractions, which are more effective in lowering total blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels in mice. This study aims to determine the active pomegranate fraction that can reduce the total cholesterol levels and triglyceride in mice. The research method used was an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which was divided into 6 treatment groups, and test animals divided into 6 treatment groups namely negative control given aquades, positive control fed a high-fat diet, given simvastatin, given 25 mg/grBB of pomegranate methanol fraction, given 50 mg/grBB of pomegranate methanol fraction, given 100 mg/grBB of pomegranate methanol fraction, each treatment group will be divided into 4 male mice.Based on the results of this study that the active fraction that has an effect in reducing blood cholesterol levels and mice triglycerides is the treatment given 100mg/grBB of pomegranate water methanol fraction.

Pengaruh Ekstrak Buah Mengkudu (Morinda Citrifolia) Terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Total Darah Pada Tikus Putih (Rattus Norvegicus) Jantan Galur Wistar Yang Diberi Diet Tinggi Lemak

Background: High cholesterol diet induced hypercholesterolemia. Noni fruit extract has flavonoids which are expected to reduce blood total cholesterol levels. This study aims to determine the effect of noni fruit extract (Morinda citrifolia) on total blood cholesterol levels in wistar strain male rats (Rattus norvegicus) given a high-fat diet. Method: Experimental study using post test only control group design. A total of 24 wistar strain male rats were divided into 3 groups: negative control group given standard feed; positive control group of experimental animals who were given a high-fat diet; the experimental group treated with a high-fat diet for 14 days and given noni fruit extract at a dose of 200 mg / Kg BB. On the 29th day total blood cholesterol levels were measured for all groups of experimental animals. Results: The Mann Whitney U Test showed a significant increase in total blood cholesterol levels in the positive group of experimental animals given a high-fat diet (68.13 mg/dl) compared to the negative control group of experimental animals given standard feed (51.25 mg/dl). There was a significant decrease in total blood cholesterol levels in the experimental group treated with a high-fat diet and noni fruit extract (61mg/dl) compared to the average positive control group of experimental animals given a high-fat diet ( 68.13 mg/dl). Conclusion: Provision of a high-fat diet in wistar strain male rats can significantly increase total blood cholesterol levels. The administration of noni fruit extract in wistar strain male rats can significantly reduce total blood cholesterol levels.