Differences in growth rate, body condition, habitat use and food availability between island and mainland lizard populations ofAnolis nebulosusin Jalisco, Mexico

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Hugo Siliceo-Cantero ◽  
Andrés García
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Geographic Isolation ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Continental Population ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract:Lizards of the genusAnolishave been widely studied, however, little is known about the effects of environmental seasonality, food availability and geographic isolation on body condition, growth rate and habitat use of lizards. The existence of an insular and a continental population ofAnolis nebulosus(clouded anole), separated by only 0.47 km, represents an ideal opportunity to address this topic. We compared seasonal fluctuations in food availability (arthropod density) for anoles, as well as body condition, growth rate and habitat use in the two populations. Food availability throughout the year was sampled every 2 mo by trapping arthropods at each site. Lizards were also monitored and measured every 2 mo by surveying three quadrats in each site over 2 y giving a total of 30 visits for each quadrat. Results suggested that composition and density of food supply was similar for the two populations. Nevertheless, food supply responded to seasonality of rainfall, with an increase of 1.5 times during the rainy season. Despite similarity in food availability, insular anoles had body condition that was 5–10 times better, with growth rate twice as fast, and used similar perches. The role of predation, and inter- and intraspecific competition are discussed as possible drivers.

The role of seasonality in vole cycles

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 2871-2872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Ostfeld ◽  
Robert H. Tamarin
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Vole Population ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Microtus Californicus ◽  
Vole Cycles ◽  
California Vole

We examined the assertion that seasonal fluctuations in food availability are necessary for vole cycles to take place by studying the dynamics of a California vole (Microtus californicus) population inhabiting a relatively aseasonal environment. That population was one of the most stable (noncyclic) microtine populations yet described. Reproduction was comparatively aseasonal but appeared to be suppressed at high population density. We suggest that the role of seasonality in vole population fluctuations deserves further study.

scholarly journals The impacts of the food-feed-fuel competition on Brazilian food supply

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-182
Author(s):  
Danilo Rolim Dias de Aguiar ◽  
Gabriella Nunes da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low Income Consumers

The impact of the so-called "food-feed-fuel competition" on hunger has been a major concern worldwide. In addition, the environmental impacts caused by increases in the production of certain foods have made food supplying even more challenging. As few studies have dealt with this issue in Brazil, this paper aims to evaluate the country's nutritional situation since 1995, focusing on the effects of producing animal feed and biofuels on both the domestic availability of food and the role of Brazil as a food supplier to foreign countries. We estimate the quantity of nutrients produced in the country, compare them with the necessities of Brazilians and estimate the population that could be fed by means of Brazilian exports. The results indicate that despite the food-feed-fuel competition, the supply of food has increased and has been sufficient to nourish all Brazilians plus a number even larger of foreigners. As food availability is adequate, the large number of Brazilians still exposed to undernourishment reflects the limited access to food by low-income consumers. We also conclude that Brazil could contribute even more to feed foreigners if policies were implemented aiming to induce farmers to produce a different sort of products.

Isolating the influence of growth rate on maturation patterns in the smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu)

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 844-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin S Dunlop ◽  
Brian J Shuter ◽  
Mark S Ridgway
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Smallmouth Bass ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Micropterus Dolomieu ◽  
Plastic Response ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Two Populations

In this study, we examine the divergence in growth and maturation between two populations of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) introduced from a common source a century ago. To determine if the divergence in maturation is simply a plastic response to differences in growth rate, we use a new approach to estimate and then compare the probabilistic maturation reaction norms (PMRNs) for each population. The PMRNs for 5-year-old males are similar in the two populations, suggesting that the observed divergence in maturation is largely a plastic response to growth rate differences. For one population, we document the time course of maturation changes for the 60-year period from 1937 through 1990; while the mean length at maturation for 5-year-old males exhibits a steady downward trend (beginning at 31 cm and ending at 26 cm), their PMRNs vary over a much narrower range (25–27 cm) and do not exhibit a consistent temporal trend. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that most of the observed change in maturation since introduction is a product of phenotypic plasticity, driven by environmentally based differences in growth rate. Our study provides an instructive example of how the PMRN approach can be used to isolate the role of growth rate variation in generating life history differences.

scholarly journals FOOD SECURITY IN SUDAN: A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF FOOD AVAILABILITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elbushra & Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
Analytical Tools

This study aimed to analyse historical food availability in Sudan during 1961-2013. This was achieved by assessing the food supply (kg/capita/yr.), dietary energy supply (DES) (kcal/capita/day), composition of diets and food self-sufficiency. The study depended on the available secondary data from FAO balance sheets. Percent share, annual cumulative growth rate and trends were used as analytical tools. The total food supply had a positive growth rate of 4.9%. The DES increased from 1743 to 2186 kcal/capita/day, implying that Sudan is food insecure. Cereals constitute approximately half of the total DES. The percentage share of vegetal sources was paramount in the DES (80%), protein supply (60%) and fat supply (45-68%) relative to that of animal sources. The per capita consumption of protein and fat (g/capita/day) were considered within the adequate supply, and below the average of the world and Arab countries. Carbohydrates ranked as the highest source contributing to the DES, followed by fats and proteins. These macro-nutrient contributions to the total DES fell within the recommendation ranges of the WHO for the balanced diets. The growth rate of imports outnumbered that of the domestic food supply and production, reflected in declining trend of the overall food self-sufficiency ratio by 1.5% per decade. The study recommended efficient use of Sudan abundant resources to increase food availability.

Emerging Challenges and Opportunities of Mobile Commerce in India: A Study on Societal Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Utkarsh Kumar ◽  
Anil Kumar Gope ◽  
Shweta Singh
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Societal Perspective ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Mobile Commerce ◽  
Mobile Banking ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The People ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

In India, the position of mobile banking was in saga and this time, it is in pic position. The speedof reaching the people is going high and high. This is time of wireless world and sense of prestige; no doubt the mobile commerce is contributing to enhance the beauty of life and playing the role of metaphor and has become the part and parcel of our life. This growth has changed people to do business in mobile commerce (М- Commerce). Peoples are transferring to M-Commerce to attain good and fast transaction into market and saving their precious time. M-Commerce has become distinguished in Indian people, quickly during last few years. Due to large number of mobile application, growth rate in mobile penetration in India is increasing with the rapid speed. The mobile users has shifted to use the android phone from simple and black and white phone and taking the service of internet, the role of telecom companies is also important in the being popular of mobile commerce. Although many people have started E-Commerce but still a separate part of the society feel uncomfortable and hesitate to use M-Commerce because of security problems, payment issues and complexity of mobile applications. This paper identifies facts about the feasibility of MCommercein India today its growth and the Strength and opportunity, weakness and threats lying ahead.

scholarly journals Microtubule–microtubule sliding by kinesin-1 is essential for normal cytoplasmic streaming in Drosophila oocytes

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (34) ◽  
pp. E4995-E5004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Lu ◽  
Michael Winding ◽  
Margot Lakonishok ◽  
Jill Wildonger ◽  
Vladimir I. Gelfand
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Nurse Cells ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Actin Cortex ◽  
Microtubule Motor ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Cytoplasmic Microtubules ◽  
Two Populations

Cytoplasmic streaming in Drosophila oocytes is a microtubule-based bulk cytoplasmic movement. Streaming efficiently circulates and localizes mRNAs and proteins deposited by the nurse cells across the oocyte. This movement is driven by kinesin-1, a major microtubule motor. Recently, we have shown that kinesin-1 heavy chain (KHC) can transport one microtubule on another microtubule, thus driving microtubule–microtubule sliding in multiple cell types. To study the role of microtubule sliding in oocyte cytoplasmic streaming, we used a Khc mutant that is deficient in microtubule sliding but able to transport a majority of cargoes. We demonstrated that streaming is reduced by genomic replacement of wild-type Khc with this sliding-deficient mutant. Streaming can be fully rescued by wild-type KHC and partially rescued by a chimeric motor that cannot move organelles but is active in microtubule sliding. Consistent with these data, we identified two populations of microtubules in fast-streaming oocytes: a network of stable microtubules anchored to the actin cortex and free cytoplasmic microtubules that moved in the ooplasm. We further demonstrated that the reduced streaming in sliding-deficient oocytes resulted in posterior determination defects. Together, we propose that kinesin-1 slides free cytoplasmic microtubules against cortically immobilized microtubules, generating forces that contribute to cytoplasmic streaming and are essential for the refinement of posterior determinants.

Disentangling the role of competition, light interception, and functional traits in tree growth rate variation in South Asian tropical moist forests

2021 ◽  
Vol 483 ◽  
pp. 118908
Author(s):  
Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Masum Billah ◽  
Md Obydur Rahman ◽  
Debit Datta ◽  
Muhammad Ahsanuzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Tree Growth Rate

scholarly journals (A343) Rebuilding Post Conflict Food Security in Liberia

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s96-s97
Author(s):  
T.W. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Safe Food ◽  
Domestic Food

Liberia's 14 year civil war destroyed domestic agricultural production, veterinary and agricultural education, extension services and domestic food security. These losses severely limited domestic food production, and basic hygiene and sanitation: potable water, abattoirs, cold chain and food storage were greatly diminished. The average Liberian life expectancy fell from 45.8 in 1990 to 41.8 years presently. The population birth and death rate are two of the highest globally with a resulting population growth rate, of 2.7% per annum; this growth rate requires an immediate and concerted focus on domestic food production to alleviate nutritional inadequacy and hunger, trade imbalances and loss of foreign exchange credits. Food supply nationally is presumed adequate because of importation, though domestic production is inadequate. Unequal distribution precludes food security for all Liberians. Value chain augmentation, enhancing food availability across all sectors of Liberian society and ensuring distribution of a safe food supply needs critical development. Infant mortality remains one of the highest in the world (approximately 160/1000 births), much of which is attributed to food insecurity, food contamination and lack of uniformly available potable water. Recreation of Liberia's public health and food security requires redevelopment of disease monitoring and laboratory diagnostic capability to re-establish safe food production and handling practices across all sectors. This will allow determination of endemic disease burden for the principal livestock species: poultry, sheep, goats, cattle and swine. Creation of a national disease surveillance/monitoring system allows for targeted disease intervention, ensuring vaccination for correct serotypes and most critically prevalent diseases. Creation of community level training and support will target intervention of local diseases, but also allow for national prioritization of diseases. Targeting which are most prevalent or most likely to cause production limiting effects will require periodic surveillance, targeted vaccination, and chemotherapeutic intervention and evaluation of therapeutic success.

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