Japanese Imperialism and the Manchurian Economy, 1900–31

1972 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 425-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert P. Bix
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Japanese Imperialism ◽  
The People ◽  
Single Piece

What makes Manchuria a most promising industrial field … is the fact that coal and labour are obtainable at an extraordinarily low cost. … Although Manchuria possesses a population of forty millions, not a single piece of clothing worn by the inhabitants is manufactured in the province. All textiles required by the people are imported either from south China or from Japan. The starting of a spinning and weaving industry in Manchuria will be fraught with great possibilities. [Shirani Takeshi, Kwantung Civil Governor (1909).]

scholarly journals Normative Aspects of Nudging in the International Sphere

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 263-267
Author(s):  
Doron Teichman ◽  
Eyal Zamir
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Posthumous Organ Donation ◽  
Regulatory Problems

The use of nudges—“low-cost, choice-preserving, behaviorally informed approaches to regulatory problems”—has become quite popular at the national level in the past decade or so. Examples include changing the default concerning employees’ saving for retirement in a bid to encourage such saving; altering the default about consent to posthumous organ donation to increase the supply of organs for transplantation; and informing people about other people's energy consumption to spur them to reduce theirs. Nudges are therefore used to promote the welfare of the people being nudged, and of society at large. However, the use of nudges has sparked a lively normative debate. When turning to the international arena, new arguments for and against nudges can be raised. This essay focuses on the normative aspects of using nudges in the international arena.

Deepwater Steel Catenary Riser System Design for Lingshui 17-2 Project

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning He ◽  
Hu Yang ◽  
Fanli Xu ◽  
Yongming Cheng
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
System Design ◽  
South China ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Northern South China Sea ◽  
Steel Catenary Riser ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Scr System ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A riser is a key component for transporting produced oil and gas from the subsea wells to the surface production vessel. Through nearly 30 years of design and implementation, Steel Catenary Risers (SCRs) have been found to have the advantages of relatively low cost and good adaptability to floating platform’s motion. This paper investigates deepwater SCR system design for the Lingshui 17-2 (termed LS17-2) project. This paper first introduces a SCR system for the LS17-2 project. The field for this project is located in the northern South China Sea, with water depth of 1220m to 1560m. LS17-2 consists of a subsea production system, a deep-draft semi-submersible (SEMI), and an export riser/pipeline. The platform was designed to have a large storage capacity with a variable draft during its operation. Based on deepwater SCR engineering experience, the key SCR design challenges are summarized from the engineering executive perspective. The challenges to the SCR system design for the LS17-2 project include harsh environment condition in South China Sea and the impact on fatigue design for the requirement of 30-years’ service life. They call for design optimization and innovative ideas. The engineering design and analysis are discussed together solutions. To demonstrate the deepwater SCR system design for LS17-2 project, examples are provided to illustrate the challenges and solutions. The experience learned from this paper should have significant relevance to future SCR design.

scholarly journals A Study on Customer Awareness towards Pradhan Mantri Bharatiya Jnanaushadi Kendra’s with Reference to Shimoga

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
H Manjula Bai
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Satisfaction Level ◽  
Generic Medicines ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The People ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Successful Solution ◽  
People’S Perception ◽  
Fact Finding

This paper is designed to check Customer Awareness towards Pradhan Mantri Bharatiya Jnanaushadi Kendra’s. This study is finished to understand the knowledge, perception and attitude of individuals and patients towards generic medicines provided by the govt. At low cost through Jan Aushadhi Medical Stores, which supports and helps the people below the personal income. This helps to spot the problems faced by people and also helps to make your mind up and to relinquish solutions regarding the matter that, not every-one is aware of the schemes implemented by the govt. For the welfare of the people below the personal income. The successful solution is taking measures like campaigns, educating the people to form them more alert to the Jan Aushadhi Medical Store. The study target the degree of knowledge of individuals about Jan Aushadhi Medical Store, the people’s awareness of Jan Aushadhi Medical schemes, to understand the willingness of individuals to shop for generic medicines, to review the understanding and people’s perception on generic medicines, to study the satisfaction level of consumers towards quality, price, availability, accessibility, acceptability, affordability of those medicines and to understand about how the govt. Initiative measures reach among the people. For the study’s aim, the researcher has selected 50 respondents who are aware of the PMBJPK. Descriptive research methodology is employed to conduct the study. It includes survey and fact-finding inquiries of various kinds. It focused on the issues of the advantages availed from PMBJPK. All levels of shoppers were surveyed by using a questionnaire and also, the level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction from PMBJPK was studied. Finally, the detailed information about the advantages they had received was also considered... Finally, it attempts to supply suggestions to the purchasers to teach way more about PMBJPK.

scholarly journals Embedded real-time system for detecting leakage of the gas used in iraqi kitchens

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1171
Author(s):  
Husam Kareem
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Time System ◽  
Real Time System ◽  
Gas Leakage ◽  
The People ◽  
Leakage Location

<p>A major issue that happens in kitchens of houses and/or restaurants is the leakage of gas used as a fuel for cooker stove, which is commonly referred to as LPG (liquefied petroleum gas). LPG leakage may lead to a serious fire or even a deadly explosion that might affect the surrounding people. A substantial solution to avoid such disasters is by stopping its main cause. Therefore designing a device capable of monitoring and detecting such gases can minimize the dangerous and unwanted incidents by LPG leakage. This paper introduces a low cost and energy efficient real-time monitoring system that able to sense different dangerous gases, specifically those used for stove cooker. This system considers the pros of the previously introduced systems and fixes the cons available in those systems. In addition, the manufacturing cost has been taken into consideration. If the system senses any type of LPG gas (there is a gas leakage), it will react by making three different actions. It will make an alert sound to notify the people around the leakage place, send an SMS to two cell phones, and show, on an LCD screen, the leakage location.</p>

scholarly journals Occupancy Prediction Using Low-Cost and Low-Resolution Heat Sensors for Smart Offices

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 5497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beril Sirmacek ◽  
Maria Riveiro
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Feature Classification ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The People ◽  
Heat Sensor ◽  
Occupancy Prediction

Solving the challenge of occupancy prediction is crucial in order to design efficient and sustainable office spaces and automate lighting, heating, and air circulation in these facilities. In office spaces where large areas need to be observed, multiple sensors must be used for full coverage. In these cases, it is normally important to keep the costs low, but also to make sure that the privacy of the people who use such environments are preserved. Low-cost and low-resolution heat (thermal) sensors can be very useful to build solutions that address these concerns. However, they are extremely sensitive to noise artifacts which might be caused by heat prints of the people who left the space or by other objects, which are either using electricity or exposed to sunlight. There are some earlier solutions for occupancy prediction that employ low-resolution heat sensors; however, they have not addressed nor compensated for such heat artifacts. Therefore, in this paper, we presented a low-cost and low-energy consuming smart space implementation to predict the number of people in the environment based on whether their activity is static or dynamic in time. We used a low-resolution (8×8) and non-intrusive heat sensor to collect data from an actual meeting room. We proposed two novel workflows to predict the occupancy; one that is based on computer vision and one based on machine learning. Besides comparing the advantages and disadvantages of these different workflows, we used several state-of-the-art explainability methods in order to provide a detailed analysis of the algorithm parameters and how the image properties influence the resulting performance. Furthermore, we analyzed noise resources that affect the heat sensor data. The experiments show that the feature classification based method gives high accuracy when the data are clean from noise artifacts. However, when there are noise artifacts, the computer vision based method can compensate for those artifacts providing robust results. Because the computer vision based method requires an empty room recording, the feature classification based method should be chosen either when there is no expectancy of seeing noise artifacts in the data or when there is no empty recording available. We hope that our analysis brings light into understanding how to handle very low-resolution heat images in these environments. The presented workflows could be used in various domains and applications other than smart offices, where occupancy prediction is essential, e.g., for elderly care.

Brief Sojourn in your Native Land: Sydney Links with South China

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Michael Williams
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
South China ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Immigration Restriction ◽  
Native Land ◽  
Chinese Migrants ◽  
The People ◽  
Australian City

The title of this paper is taken from a testimonial signed by a number of Gundagai residents on the departure for China in 1903 of Mark Loong after sixteen years in the district. That the notion of a person ‘sojourning’ in China is a contradiction of the prevailing ‘sojourner’ concept usually held about early Chinese migrants in Australia is the result the failure of Australian-Chinese research to fully appreciate the significance of family and district links between Australia and China and their impact upon the motivation, organisation and settlement patterns of Chinese people in Australia before the middle of the twentieth century. Without such an appreciation most research into Australian-Chinese history has focused only on those who established families in Australia or who ran successful businesses. This paper will focus on describing some features of these family and districts links with regard to that generation who arrived after the gold rushes of the 1850s to 1870s but before the Immigration Restriction Act 1901, who originated in one south China district, Zhongshan , and who lived primarily in one Australian city, Sydney. These restraints are partly due to reliance on sources such as the administrative files of the Immigration Restriction Act which begin only in 1901, and partly to the fact that this research represents a first step in the investigation of the significance of district of origin and the people of Zhongshan district in Sydney are the first to be investigated.

A Rupture in Philippine-U.S. Relations: Geopolitical Implications

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049-1053
Author(s):  
Alfred W. McCoy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
South China ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Character ◽  
The People ◽  
International Court ◽  
Chinese Trade

“Your honors, in this venue, I announce my separation from the United States … both in military, but economics also,” said Philippine president Rodrigo Duterte to a burst of applause from an audience of officials in Beijing's Great Hall of the People, the symbolic seat of China's ruling Communist Party. At the Philippine-Chinese trade forum that same day, October 20, 2016, Duterte opened his speech by asking, “What is really wrong with an American character?” Americans are, he continued, “loud, sometimes rowdy, and they have this volume of their voice … not adjusted to civility…. They are the more forward commanding voice befitting obedience.” Evoking some deep Filipino racialist tropes, Duterte then mocked the flat, nasal American accent and rued the time he was questioned at the Los Angeles airport by a “Black” officer with a “black” uniform, “black shoes,” and a “black” gun. Moving from rhetoric to substance, Duterte quietly capitulated to Beijing's relentless pressure for bilateral talks to settle the dispute over the South China Sea, virtually abrogating Manila's recent slam-dunk win on that issue before an international court (Demick and Wilson 2016; DU30 News 2016).

scholarly journals MEDIATION EXISTENCE CRIMINAL PENAL SETTLEMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Erma Rusdiana
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Religious Law ◽  
The One

Indonesian Constitution states that all people of Indonesia are entitled to equal treatment before the law as stated in Article 28 D, paragraph 1 of the 1945 Constitution, but they are not always easily access it. The principle of justice is simple, fast and low cost can’t be reached by most people. Currently, there is also a change and dynamics of complex societies and regulations in some legislation. It also has implications on the public nature of the criminal law has shifted its relative entered the private sphere with known and practiced penal<em> </em>mediation.<strong> </strong>Issues raised in this paper is the concept of criminal law enforcement based on the existence of pluralistic and penal mediation as an alternative solution-in the practice of the criminal settlement. Of the studies that have been done that the concept of legal pluralism is no longer emphasizes the dichotomy between the legal system of the state on the one hand with the legal system of the people folk law and religious law on the other side. That law enforcement-based pluralistic more emphasis on interaction and co-existence of the workings of the various legal systems that affect the operation of norms, processes and institutions in masyarakat.Polarisasi law and penal mediation mechanisms can do, as long as it is earnestly desired by all parties ( suspects and victims), as well as to reach a wider interest, namely the maintenance of social harmony. In summary penal mediation would have positive implications philosophically that achieved justice done fast, simple and inexpensive because the parties involved are relatively small compared through the judicial process with the components of the Criminal Justice System

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