Appraisal of the York Electronics egg quality testing equipment when used by several operators

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 78-78
Author(s):  
S. Hoste ◽  
T. Bedford ◽  
H. Walker ◽  
E. A. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Testing Equipment ◽  
Unit Surface Area ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Quality Testing ◽  
Unit Surface ◽  
Sequential Measurements

This equipment records egg weight (g) shell colour (% reflectance) shell weight (g) and thick albumen height (measured on an egg broken out onto a flat plane), and through the connection with a dedicated microprocessor derives the Haugh units (a logarithmically transformed measure of albumen height) and shell weight per unit surface area (mg/cm2). Means, standard deviations and coefficients of variation for a batch are transferred to a printer and/or microprocessor.Experiment 1Three operators each made three sequential measurements of egg weight and shell colour on 31 eggs, each record being automatically captured by the microprocessor.Experiment 2Using the same procedure four operators made two sequential measurements of egg weight, shell colour and albumen height on 30 eggs.

scholarly journals Beç Tavuklarında (Numida meleagris) Yumurta Şekil İndeksinin Yumurta Kalitesine Etkileri

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sezai Alkan ◽  
Taki Karslı ◽  
İsmail Durmuş ◽  
Kemal Karabağ
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Unit Surface Area ◽  
Egg Volume ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Egg Shape ◽  
Unit Surface ◽  
Haugh Unit

The aim of this study was to investigated the effects of the egg shape index on egg quality characteristics in Guinea fowl. For this, the eggs were classified in terms of egg shape index, as ≤ 75, < 76 -77 > and ≥ 78. A total of 100 Guinea fowl eggs were evaluated to determine the egg quality traits ( egg weight, eggshell thickness, eggshell surface area, eggshell weight per unit surface area, eggshell ratio, albumen index, albumen ratio, yolk index, yolk ratio, yolk/albumen ratio, haugh unit and egg volume). In this study, eggshell thickness, eggshell weight per unit surface area, eggshell ratio, albumen index, albumen ratio, yolk index, yolk ratio, yolk/albumen ratio and haugh unit were not significantly affected by egg shape index groups. Whereas egg weight, eggshell surface area and egg volume were significantly affected by egg shape index groups. At the same time, there were found significant relationship between the egg shape index and egg quality traits. Egg shape index was found to be an important factor affecting the egg quality characteristics.

scholarly journals Analysis of quality and prediction of external and internal egg traits in Mexican native turkey hens

2020 ◽  
pp. 647
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Portillo- Salgado ◽  
Benigno Ruiz- Sesma ◽  
Paula Mendoza- Nazar ◽  
José Guadalupe Herrera- Haro ◽  
Jaime Bautista- Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Unit Surface Area ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Shell Weight

This study aimed to evaluate external and internal quality traits and determine prediction equations for some of these traits in eggs of Mexican native turkey hens. A total of 72 eggs from native turkey hens in the laying stage raised in rural municipality of Villaflores, Chiapas were measured. The external traits evaluated were: egg weight (EW), polar diameter (PD), equatorial diameter (ED), egg shape index (SI), shell weight (SW), shell percentage (SP), egg surface area (ESA) and shell weight per unit surface area (SSA). The internal traits were: albumen height (AH), yolk height (YH), albumen weight (AW), yolk weight (YW), Haugh units (HU), albumen percentage (AP), yolk percentage (YP) and yolk color (YC). The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficients (r) and linear regression using the SAS program, ver. 9.4. The values obtained for the external egg quality traits showed greater variability. Pearson's correlation coefficients between external and internal traits were positive and moderately significant (P <0.05), as well as highly significant (P <0.0001), and ranged from r = 0.31 (EW vs PD) to r = 0.99 (ED vs ESA). All linear regression equations to predict EW, SW, AW and YW were found to be significant (<.0001). The best predictors of EW were PD, SI, SW and ESA (R2 = 76%). SW and YW traits can be adequately predicted using the EW and SI values together (R2 = 59% and R2 = 74%, respectively), while the AW can be predicted from the EW (R2 = 33%). Based on the results obtained, it is suggested to implement selection programs to improve the quality parameters of the native turkey hen egg in Mexico.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary L-carnitine on the performance and egg quality of laying hens from 65–73 weeks of age

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud H. Rabie ◽  
MiháLy SziláGyi ◽  
Tibor Gippert
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Unit Surface Area ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Laying Performance

The effects of L-carnitine supplementation (50–500 mg/kg diet) of a practical layer diet, based on maize, soyabean and wheat, on the performance of laying hens and some indices of egg quality were studied for 8 weeks, using 65-week-old hens kept in cages. Albumen quality (albumen height and Haugh (1937) unit score) was improved, while yolk index and yolk colour score were not affected by dietary L-carnitine. The percentage of egg-white increased and that of egg yolk decreased in response to dietary supplementation of L-carnitine. Dietary L-carnitine did not influence laying performance (egg production rate, mean egg weight, daily feed intake, daily egg mass and feed conversion) or external egg quality measured by egg weight, egg-shape index or by eggshell quality, either measured directly as shell breaking strength or indirectly as shell weight, shell thickness or shell weight per unit surface area. Based on the results of the present study, L-carnitine had a beneficial effect on albumen quality and could modify the components of the edible part of the egg, during the late laying period.

scholarly journals Mpemba Effect- the Effect of Time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Time Effect ◽  
Light Quantum ◽  
Unit Surface Area ◽  
Heat Flows ◽  
Unit Surface ◽  
Average Wavelength ◽  
Nature Of Time ◽  
The Relationship

This paper draws the following conclusions on the nature of time by analyzing the relationship between time and speed, the relationship between time and gravitational field, the gravitational redshift of the photon, and the black-body radiation theorem: Time on an object is proportional to the amount of energy flowing out (or in) per unit time (observer’s time) per unit surface area of the object. When an object radiates energy outward: t'=μB(T) =μσT 4=μnhν/st Where t’ is the time on the object, μ is a constant, B(T) is the radiosity，the total energy radiated from the unit surface area of the object in unit time (observer’s time), σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, T is the absolute temperature, n is the number of the photons radiated, ν is the average frequency of the photons radiated, s is the surface area of the object and t is the time on the observer. When the object radiates energy outward, the higher the energy density of the space (for example the stronger the gravitational field of the space), the smaller the radiosity B(T) of the object in the space, the longer the average wavelength of the light quantum emitted by the object, the slower the time on the object, the longer the life of the system. When the object radiates energy outward, the faster the object moves relative to the ether, the higher the energy density of the local space in which the object is located, the smaller the radiosity B(T) of the object, the longer the average wavelength of the light quantum radiated by the object, the slower the time on the object, and the longer the life of the system. When the object radiates energy outward, the higher the temperature of the object, the greater the object's radiosity B(T), the shorter the average wavelength of the light quantum radiated by the object, the faster the time on the object, and the shorter the life of the system. Applying the above conclusions about the nature of time, the author analyzes the Mpemba effect and the inverse Mpemba effect, and reaches the following conclusion: the Mpemba effect is the time effect produced when heat flows from objects into space, and the "inverse" Mpemba effect is the time effect produced when heat flows from space into objects.

Long-term experimental study of the aquatic plant system for polluted river water

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sato ◽  
H. Sakui ◽  
Y. Sakai ◽  
S. Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Unit Surface Area ◽  
Artificial Wetlands ◽  
Polluted River ◽  
Plant System ◽  
Unit Surface ◽  
Experimental Facilities

Water purification using artificial wetlands and aquatic macrophyte is attracting attention as a purification technology that can create rich ecosystems while imposing a minimal load on the environment. Because an aquatic plant system requires a large surface area, design specifications and maintenance methods that can obtain the optimum purification effect per unit surface area must be established. Large experimental facilities have been constructed beside a polluted river flowing into Lake Kasumigaura and have been used for a three-year experiment using several kinds of aquatic plants. This report summarizes the characteristics and the design load of the aquatic plant system based on this study and results from other aquatic plant facilities.

scholarly journals The kinetics of influenza-virus adsorption on iron oxide in the process of viral purification and concentration

1971 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Larin ◽  
P. H. Gallimore
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Multiple Equilibria ◽  
Unit Surface Area ◽  
Fixed Temperature ◽  
Virus Adsorption ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Unit Surface

SUMMARYThis paper reports a study carried out to clarify the mechanisms involved in adsorption of influenza A and B viruses on iron oxide. Accordingly, the amounts of virus that are adsorbed from virus suspensions of varying concentrations per unit surface area of magnetic or non-magnetic oxide at fixed temperature and time have been determined. The principles involved are clearly the same as those involved in multiple equilibria during the interaction of particles with a large number of combining sites with different intrinsic affinity. Consequently, the amount of virus that is adsorbed per unit mass of iron oxide depends on the size of the adsorbent area, not on its magnetic property. Owing to a significant difference between the affinities of influenza A and B particles for the binding sites on iron oxide, unit surface area of the adsorbent is invariably capable of adsorbing significantly greater amounts of influenza A than B particles. The practical implications of these findings are that a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in virus adsorption on iron oxide will permit a more efficient separation of virus particles from impurities. The simplicity and the rapidity of the technique and the cheapness of the equipment required suggest that the iron oxide method is of great value for both small- or large-scale viral purification, whether it is used as a single step procedure or as a primary step followed by zonal separation.

scholarly journals Performance of Rhode Island Red, Black Australorp, and Naked Neck crossbreds under alternative production systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-577
Author(s):  
M. Usman ◽  
A. Mahmud ◽  
J. Hussain ◽  
A. Javid
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Production System ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Egg Volume ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Naked Neck ◽  
Better Than

The effects of the production system, breed cross, and their interaction on performance, egg quality, and hatching traits were evaluated. Rhode Island Red and Black Australorp were crossed with Naked Neck chickens (first generation RNN, and BNN, respectively). These crosses were mated among themselves and crossed to produce four crossbreds: RR (RNN x RNN), BB (BNN x BNN), RB (RNN x BNN), and BR (BNN x RNN). Thirty-six pullets and 9 cockerels from each crossbred were maintained in three production systems: the aviary system (AV), conventional cages (CC), and enriched cages (EC). Thus there were 48 pullets and 12 cockerels in each production system. Bodyweight, egg production percentage, and egg weight were highest in EC, followed by CC and AV. Higher egg weight, egg surface area, and egg volume were also observed in EC compared with CC and AV. Fertility and hatchability were higher and early embryonic mortality was lower in AV than in EC and CC. Bodyweight, egg production percentage, egg weight, egg volume, and surface area were higher for RB and BR than for BB and RR. Fertility and hatchability were similar for RB and BR. RR was similar to BR, but lower than RB. BB had the lowest fertility and hatchability. Thus, chickens in EC performed better than in the other systems, except that hatching traits were better in AV. RB and BR performed better than BB and RR.Key words: breed crosses, chicken, egg quality, hatchability

scholarly journals Free Oscillations of the Earth Climate System: A Theory of the 100 kyr Climate Cycle

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
R.M. MacKay ◽  
M.A.K. Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Nonlinear Differential Equations ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Unit Surface Area ◽  
Ocean Temperature ◽  
Free Oscillations ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Climate Cycle ◽  
Unit Surface ◽  
The Mean

A physically plausible theory of the 100 kyr climate cycle is proposed. Free oscillations between the mean ocean temperature and the marine ice-margin colatitude are shown to exist without requiring orbital forcing. It is shown that the curvature of the Earth causes two effects: (1) as the marine ice margin grows towards the equator, the net emmision of radiation (solar and terrestrial) per unit surface area increases; and (2) as the poleward extent of the ocean decreases, the net absorption of radiation per unit surface area increases. These radiation balance considerations, included with a realistic meridional transport of energy from the ocean to the marine-ice region and an atmospheric feedback process enhancing the ocean warming, are combined to form two nonlinear differential equations coupling the mean ocean temperature with the marine-ice margin colatitude. Using physically realistic parameters we are able to reproduce the major features of the 100 kyr climate cycle. This can be seen from Figure I which shows the δ18O record as given by Imbrie and others (1984), plotted against the model output. In addition we have found that the parameters used to obtain the general features of the ice-volume record also predict temperature “spikes” (1 to 2 K. above average) of relatively short duration (5 to 10 kyr) in the mean ocean temperature. We find that there is good qualitative agreement between the model's predicted mean ocean temperature and the estimation of summer sea-surface temperature at RC11-120 presented by Martinson and others (1987).

scholarly journals Spatial Statistics of the Sea Surface in Fetch-Limited Conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1821-1841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonel Romero ◽  
W. Kendall Melville
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Joint Probability Distribution ◽  
Unit Surface Area ◽  
Large Wave ◽  
Analytical Approximations ◽  
Unit Surface ◽  
Wave Heights

Abstract An analysis of airborne wave observations collected in the Gulf of Tehuantepec is presented. The data include lidar measurements of the surface displacement as a function of two horizontal dimensions in fetch-limited conditions, with fetches between 20 and 500 km and winds between 10 and 20 m s−1. The spatial data have an advantage over the commonly used single-point time series measurements, allowing direct estimates of the wavelength and wave slope, including spatial information such as the lengths of crests exceeding various thresholds. This study presents an analysis of several statistical wind wave parameters, including the joint probability distribution function (pdf) of wave amplitudes and wavelengths; the pdf of wave heights, wavenumber vectors, and wave slopes; as well as the statistics of the lengths of crests exceeding threshold wave heights and slopes. The empirical findings from the lidar data are compared against analytical theories in the literature, including some that had not been tested previously with field data such as the work by M. S. Longuet-Higgins describing the length of contours surrounding large wave heights per unit surface area. The effect of second-order nonlinearities on the distribution of crest lengths per unit surface area is investigated with analytical approximations and stochastic numerical simulations from computed directional wavenumber spectra. The results show that second-order nonlinearities can increase the crest-length distribution of large waves by a factor of 2 or more.

Inhomogeneity of ventilatory unit volume and its effects on reactive gas uptake

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 2193-2205 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Mercer ◽  
S. Anjilvel ◽  
F. J. Miller ◽  
J. D. Crapo
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Unit Volume ◽  
Unit Surface Area ◽  
Vascular Perfusion ◽  
Gas Uptake ◽  
Unit Surface ◽  
Reactive Gases ◽  
Gas Volume ◽  
Reactive Gas

This study addressed the question of whether variations in the volume of alveoli and alveolar ducts forming single units of ventilation can significantly influence the distribution and uptake of inspired reactive gases. Quantitative serial section analyses of vascular perfusion-fixed rat lungs were used to determine the anatomic dead space proximal to specific ventilatory units as well as the gas volume of these ventilatory units. Three reconstructions, each consisting of ventilatory units distal to a specific bronchus, were carried out. The number of ventilatory units for each reconstruction varied from 26 to 71. The average ventilatory unit volume for the three reconstructions [0.53 +/- .03 (SE) mm3] was not significantly different from measurements based on random sampling. The distribution of ventilatory unit volume was diverse, with 15% of the population having a volume less than 0.3 mm3 and 9% of the population having a volume greater than 1.0 mm3. For a gas of relatively low reactivity (e.g., oxygen) the predicted oxygen uptake per unit surface area did not vary significantly between ventilatory units. The predicted oxygen uptake was approximately 92% of the uptake in the absence of gradients in oxygen concentration between ventilatory units. For a highly reactive gas (e.g., ozone), the predicted uptake per unit surface area in the proximal portions of larger ventilatory units was significantly greater than the average uptake. These results suggest that focal areas of injury likely result from exposure to inhaled reactive gases.

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