The role of aid organization

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 49-49
Author(s):  
Rene Sansoucy
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Direct Transfer ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
International Projects

Experience over three decades of international projects aimed at assisting developing countries has shown that direct transfer of technology from developed countries has widely failed in the sector of Animal Production as in many other sectors. At best this transfer of technology has led to systems requiring high levels of imports in capital, feeds, genetically high producing animals and equipment, which require external technical assistance. These imported inputs which are usually highly subsidized have to a certain extent sometimes allowed a substantial improvement in output levels (eg. in poultry production). In some cases self-sufficiency has been attained, but never self-reliance. This has maintained or increased the dependency of developing countries. Therefore there is a need to base projects on a technology which is more appropriate and may be acceptable and profitable to the beneficiaries.

scholarly journals Education in developing countries and reducing maternal mortality: a forgotten piece of the puzzle?

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vedran Stefanovic
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Perinatal Medicine ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Women's Role

Abstract Despite substantial improvement in reducing maternal mortality during the recent decades, we constantly face tragic fact that maternal mortality (especially preventable deaths) is still unacceptably too high, particularly in the developing countries, where 99% of all maternal deaths worldwide occur. Poverty, lack of proper statistics, gender inequality, beliefs and corruption-associated poor governmental policies are just few of the reasons why decline in maternal mortality has not been as sharp as it was wished and expected. Education has not yet been fully recognized as the way out of poverty, improvement of women’s role in the society and consequent better perinatal care and consequent lower maternal mortality. Education should be improved on all levels including girls, women and their partners, medical providers, religious and governmental authorities. Teaching the teachers should be also an essential part of global strategy to lower maternal mortality. This paper is mostly a commentary, not a systematic review nor a meta-analysis with the aim to rise attention (again) to the role of different aspects of education in lowering maternal mortality. The International Academy of Perinatal Medicine should play a crucial role in pushing the efforts on this issue as the influential instance that promotes reflection and dialog in perinatal medicine, especially in aspects such as bioethics, the appropriate use of technological advances, and the sociological and humanistic dimensions of this specific problem of huge magnitude. The five concrete steps to achieve these goals are listed and discussed.

scholarly journals A room with a view: a special issue with a special perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Simone Borghesi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Climate Policies

AbstractThe present article describes the main insights deriving from the papers collected in this special issue which jointly provide a ‘room with a view’ on some of the most relevant issues in climate policy such as: the role of uncertainty, the distributional implications of climate change, the drivers and applications of decarbonizing innovation, the role of emissions trading and its interactions with companion policies. While looking at different issues and from different angles, all papers share a similar attention to policy aspects and implications, especially in developing countries. This is particularly important to evaluate whether and to what extent the climate policies adopted thus far in developed countries can be replicated in emerging economies.

scholarly journals Foreign Shareholdings Impact on Banks Efficiency and Moderating Role of Corporate Governance

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S9) ◽  
pp. 414-425
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderating Role

The research investigate the impact of foreign shareholding originated from developed and developing countries on the efficiency of acquired local banks in Indonesia during 2007-2017 by including Corporate Governance as a moderating variable. Methodology: Using the secondary aggregate data of 29 commercial banks acquired by foreign shareholders, a panel regression model using econometrics methods of GLS, and DEA were applied to examine the effects of percentage of foreign shareholdings on efficiency of the acquired local banks. The main findings; First, percentage of foreign shareholdings positively affecting efficiency of acquired local banks only if the foreign shareholders is originated from developed countries. Second, the level of economic advancement of the country of origin of foreign shareholders has significant effects on the efficiency of the acquired local banks. Third, the increase in the size of the Board of Directors tends to decrease the efficiency of the acquired local banks and fourth, the presence of Foreign Director has a positive moderating effect on strengthening the effect of percentage of foreign shareholdings on the efficiency of the acquired local banks. Overall, the originality of this studies is that the percentage of foreign shareholdings and its country of origin are two combined factors that cannot be separated in affecting the level of efficiency of its acquired local bank and the fact of significant positive moderating effect of Foreign Director. As policy consideration, monetary authority need to perform strict due diligence on prospective foreign shareholders specifically originated from developing countries, advise banks to maintain the existence of Foreign Director and to encourage small local banks to be merged prior to the acquisition by foreign shareholders.

A Comparison of the Information Needs and Information Seeking Behavior of Entrepreneurs in Small to Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Developing and Developed Countries

2014 ◽  
pp. 126-143
Author(s):  
Linda L. Lillard
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Information Seeking Behavior ◽  
Private Sector Development ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
Seeking Behavior

“Entrepreneurial spirit has been described as the most important economic development stimulus in recent decades” (Chalhoub, 2011, p. 67). In the early 1990s it was estimated that small to medium sized enterprises SMEs employed 22% of the adult population in developing countries and the role of SMEs is viewed as increasingly important in developing countries because of their capacity to create jobs (Okello-Obura, Minishi-Majanja, Cleote, & Ikoja-Odongo, 2007, p. 369). According to Lingelback, de la Viña and Asel (2005), even though entrepreneurship has been linked to wealth and poverty in developing countries and has played an important role in growth and poverty alleviation, it is the least studied significant economic and social phenomenon in the world today. Examining how the information needs and information seeking behavior of entrepreneurs from developing countries may differ from entrepreneurs in developed countries is important as it has been suggested that “entrepreneurship in developing countries is distinctive from that practice in developed countries and that understanding these distinctions is critical to private sector development in developing countries” (Lingelback, de la Vina, & Asel, 2005, p. 2). A review of the studies produced thus serves as a beginning for designing information packages and information services that can benefit a global population. Consequently, this chapter targets the information needs and information seeking behavior of entrepreneurs revealed in studies associated with SMEs in both developed and developing countries and offers conclusions and recommendations for meeting the information needs of this population.

A Comparison of the Information Needs and Information Seeking Behavior of Entrepreneurs in Small to Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Developing and Developed Countries

2016 ◽  
pp. 983-1000
Author(s):  
Linda L. Lillard
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Information Seeking Behavior ◽  
Private Sector Development ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
Seeking Behavior

“Entrepreneurial spirit has been described as the most important economic development stimulus in recent decades” (Chalhoub, 2011, p. 67). In the early 1990s it was estimated that small to medium sized enterprises SMEs employed 22% of the adult population in developing countries and the role of SMEs is viewed as increasingly important in developing countries because of their capacity to create jobs (Okello-Obura, Minishi-Majanja, Cleote, & Ikoja-Odongo, 2007, p. 369). According to Lingelback, de la Viña and Asel (2005), even though entrepreneurship has been linked to wealth and poverty in developing countries and has played an important role in growth and poverty alleviation, it is the least studied significant economic and social phenomenon in the world today. Examining how the information needs and information seeking behavior of entrepreneurs from developing countries may differ from entrepreneurs in developed countries is important as it has been suggested that “entrepreneurship in developing countries is distinctive from that practice in developed countries and that understanding these distinctions is critical to private sector development in developing countries” (Lingelback, de la Vina, & Asel, 2005, p. 2). A review of the studies produced thus serves as a beginning for designing information packages and information services that can benefit a global population. Consequently, this chapter targets the information needs and information seeking behavior of entrepreneurs revealed in studies associated with SMEs in both developed and developing countries and offers conclusions and recommendations for meeting the information needs of this population.

Analysis on the Overall Characteristics and Laws of Economic Development

2011 ◽  
Vol 225-226 ◽  
pp. 174-177
Author(s):  
Yue Huang
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Information Economy ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economics Model ◽  
Economical Development

In light of current world economics heading towards a direction that demands a refurbished theoretical guidance, Huang, Mu and Huang’s (1990, 1991) “Overall Development of Global Economics” model - also affectionately known as the "4-ways, 2-forms" hypothesis - serves as a research guideline and a basic framework of economical development problems. Economical development throughout the history of mankind has experienced three phases, each phase bearing its own characteristics. While today’s developing countries linger in the era of nature driven self-sufficiency, developed countries have surged ahead into a phase of post-information economy where information technology serves as the backbone of Information Economic Era. At present, the financial disparities between nations often and inevitably produce conflicts driven by socio-economical differences and the resultant ideologies. What are the orientations in economic development for less developed countries, developing countries and developed countries? Why does conflict between them arise and what causes this? How can they be resolved? These have become focal issues of concern among economist.

scholarly journals Global M&A and the Development of the IC Industry Ecosystem in China: What Can We Learn from the Case of Tsinghua Unigroup?

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Yunhao Feng ◽  
Jinxi Wu ◽  
Peng He
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Information Industry ◽  
Technological Improvement ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
International Mergers ◽  
Technological Strength

The integrated circuit (IC) industry is the foundation of the information industry, and its level of development is an important manifestation of the economic and technological strength of a country. At present, the IC industry is primarily monopolised by developed countries. Although China is the world’s largest consumer of semiconductors, it has a disproportionately small international market share of production and a very low domestic chip self-sufficiency rate, lagging far behind Europe, the United States, Japan, and South Korea. The process of promoting the development of China’s IC industry ecosystem is discussed based on a case study of Tsinghua Unigroup and the observation and analysis of its recent international mergers and acquisitions. The resulting conclusions suggest valuable mechanisms that could benefit the technological improvement of late-developing countries and help them close the gap with more developed countries. Relevant theory for the industrial ecosystem is enriched, providing a useful reference for the development of the IC industry in late-developing countries.

scholarly journals Intellectual Property: How Much Room is Left for Industrial Policy?

2016 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 1650012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos M. Correa
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Trade Negotiations ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Ip Protection ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
Industrialization Process

The early industrialization process in developed countries took place under flexible frameworks of intellectual property (IP) protection. Those countries, however, proposed and obtained in trade negotiations the adoption of an international IP regime that expanded and strengthened such protection. While the role of this regime, especially patents, in promoting innovation is controversial, it may effectively limit the ability of developing countries to implement industrial policies. These countries can preserve some room to implement such policies by using certain flexibilities, such as applying rigorous standards of patentability and granting compulsory licenses to broaden the space for local production.

Role of Forensic Nurses in the mortuary and postmortem examination

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
RK. Gorea
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Forensic Nursing ◽  
Nursing Science ◽  
The World ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
The Developed Countries

Forensic nursing science is a developing at a fast pace in the developed countries of the world and the forensic nurses have gained valuable roles in the different departments. Mortuary services are often in a state of neglect in the developing countries especially the postmortem examination. Mainly this is due to lack of assistance to forensic physicians by educated and trained professionals. Forensic nurses can do a variety of roles to improve the functioning of the mortuaries. Role of forensic nurses in the postmortem examination and upkeep of the mortuaries is essential and it is emphasized that forensic nurses can play a very pivotal role in the functioning of the mortuaries.

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