Huawei’s Leapfrogging to Overtake Ericsson

Chapter 8 explores how Huawei was able to emerge as the leader in the telecommunications system sector, overtaking the incumbent Swedish giant Ericsson. It answers this question by focusing on whether a latecomer firm trying to catch up uses technologies similar to or different from those of the forerunners. The study investigated patents by Huawei and Ericsson and found that Huawei relied on Ericsson as a knowledge source in its early days but subsequently reduced this reliance and increased its self-citation ratio to become more independent. The results of mutual citations, common citations, and self-citations provided strong evidence that Huawei caught up with or overtook Ericsson by taking a different technological trajectory. Huawei developed its technologies by relying on more recent and scientific knowledge; in terms of citations to scientific articles and citation lags, Huawei extensively explored basic research and up-to-date technologies to accomplish its technological catch-up. This study suggests that leapfrogging by exploring a new technological path is a possible and viable catch-up strategy for a latecomer. Moreover, Huawei’s case re-confirms the hypothesis that catch-up in technological capabilities tends to precede that in market share. Huawei overtook Ericsson in terms of quantity and quality of patents before annual sales. In summary, the results suggest that Huawei’s catch-up with Ericsson in the telecommunications equipment market is owing not only to its cost advantage, the large domestic market, or the Chinese government’s support but also more importantly to its technological leapfrogging based on its technological strength and independence.

Low-Carbon Ti-Mo Microalloyed Hot Rolled Steels: Special Features of the Formation of the Structural State and Mechanical Properties

Low-carbon Ti-Mo microalloyed steels represent a new generation of high strength steels for automobile sheet. Excellent indicators of difficult-to-combine technological, strength, and other service properties are achieved due to the superposition of a dispersed ferrite matrix and a bulk system of nanoscale carbide precipitates. Recently, developments are underway to optimize thermo-deformation processing for the most efficient use of phase precipitates. The review summarizes and analyzes the results of studies of mechanical properties depending on the chemical composition and parameters of hot deformation of low-carbon Ti-Mo microalloyed steels. Particular attention is paid to the features of the formation and the influence of various types of phase precipitates and the dispersion of the microstructure on mechanical properties. The advantages of Ti-Mo microalloying system and the tasks requiring further solution are shown.

Soft Power In the politics and reform process of China (1978-1992)

China is one of the rare world events that almost every country in the world has unforgettable. This may become the basis for the development of economic, political and ideological methods within a short and precise time frame. China has developed from a primitive agricultural country such as life cycle, medical care, education and local standard management to a country with strong economic, scientific and technological strength. Regional and international norms have transformed China from a ruined and despised country into a valuable international political force. While influencing the international and regional political equations, it also puts the world’s powerful countries first. This is the application of soft power in politics and international relations, enabling them to obtain basic materials for establishing and strengthening local politics and conducting social, scientific, military, and technological reforms while voluntarily joining the bondage. And closed the door on a regional and international scale. Establish standards and establish opaque diplomatic relations with different continents. Through these standards, they can ensure the market for their products and provide the necessary energy for the production process they initiate.

Strength Study of Sorption Composites Based on Microfine Glass Fibers

Исследуется влияние минерального и органического связующего на термостойкость и показатель разрушающего усилия композиционных сорбционных материалов на основе стеклянных волокон. Рассматриваемый материал используется для сорбции органических соединений при низких концентрациях. Изучение влияния на эти два показателя вызвано тем, что материал, описываемый в настоящей статье, требует определенной технологической прочности и должен выдерживать температуры 300 °С. Для достижения требуемых параметров для материала исследовались три типа связующего: 1. Полиядерные комплексы алюминия, полученные в результате гидролиза хлорида алюминия; 2. Полиядерные комплексы алюминия, полученные в результате гидролиза сульфата алюминия; 3. Сульфатная небеленая целлюлоза. По результатам исследования было выявлено наиболее подходящее связующее для сорбционного композиционного материала и определено оптимальное процентное содержание этого связующего. Discusses the influence of mineral and organic binders on the heat resistance and the index of the destructive force of composite sorption materials based on glass fibers. This material is used for sorption of organic compounds at low concentrations. Consideration of the impact on these two indicators is caused by the fact that the material described in this article requires a certain technological strength and must withstand temperatures of 300 °C. To achieve the required parameters for the material, three types of binder were studied: 1. Polynuclear complexes of aluminium, obtained by hydrolysis with aluminium chloride; 2. Polynuclear complexes of aluminium, obtained by hydrolysis of aluminium sulfate; 3. Sulfate unbleached cellulose. According to the results of the study, the most suitable binder for the sorption composite material was identified and the optimal percentage of this binder was determined.

Effect of the content and type of binder on the strength of glass fiber paper

Проведено исследование композиционного материала на основе минерального волокна с использованием в качестве связующего полиядерных комплексов металлов. Новизной и особенностью данного исследования является использование в качестве связующего для композиционного материала на основе стеклянных волокон полиядерных комплексов титана. Добавление связующего на основе полиядерных комплексов в композицию целесообразно в интервале 5–30% от массы волокна. Исследованный композиционный материал с добавлением в качестве связующего полиядерных комплексов титана имеет прочностные характеристики при рН отлива 10 и 12 выше, чем у материалов с добавлением полиядерных комплексов алюминия и обладает достаточной технологической прочностью. Полиядерные комплексы титана можно использовать как перспективные связующие для композиционных фильтровальных материалов на основе стеклянных волокон. The study of composite material based on mineral fiber using polynuclear metal complexes as a binder was carried out. The novelty and feature of this study is the use of polynuclear complexes of titanium as a binder for a composite material based on glass fibers. Adding a binder based on polynuclear complexes to the composition is advisable in the range of 5-30% by weight of the fiber. The studied composite material with the addition of polynuclear complexes of titanium as a binder has strength characteristic at pH levels 10 and 12, higher, than that of materials with the addition of polynuclear complexes of aluminum and has sufficient technological strength. Polynuclear complexes of titanium can be used as promising binders for composite filter materials based on glass fibers.

Interdisciplinary approaches for translating rural innovations into agripreneurship

Agripreneurship converts agricultural activity into an entrepreneurial activity. In agriculture and allied sectors the agripreneur adopting innovative ideas. The purpose of this study is to promote agripreneurship in plantation sector through interdisciplinary approach. Plantation crops are high value crops and any breakthrough in translation of relevant rural innovation into agripreneurship can have a greater economic impact. The experts from different domains interacted with the rural innovators about Farmer Led Innovations (FLIs). They were found more than hundred FLIs in plantation sector out of which few FLIs have been identified based on Innovation Index for translating FLIs into agripreneurship. The selected FLIs are viz., tree climber (Device to climb coconut and arecanut tree), multi tree climber, arecanut tree climber, tree walker and automated arecanut climbing and harvesting machine. The outcome of the study has given leverage technological strength to showcase successful FLIs and successful agri-business models across the country.

Popular Science Animation for the Future Intelligent Agricultural Ecology of Agricultural Products Innovation Design and Promotion

The form of agricultural products promotion is also constantly updated with the continuous development of science and technology in recent years. Intelligent agriculture gradually leads the scientific and technological process of agricultural products planting, production, promotion and other fields, making agricultural production more efficient and controllable. The use of popular science animation in the innovative design and promotion of agricultural products will help to drive the agricultural economy, conform to the current new situation, and improve the competitiveness of agricultural products with the help of scientific and technological strength and innovation consciousness in this environment.