Carcass and meat quality in “iron age” pigs

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 74-74
Author(s):  
J.D. Wood ◽  
G.R. Nute
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Large White ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Wild Pig

There is anecdotal evidence that the meat of wild pigs is particularly tasty and their carcasses are lean. However it may be that the nature of the wild existence - high energy demands, low energy diet, unusual ingredients eg acorns and plant roots - is important in conferring these qualities. This Study was done to determine whether semi-wild pigs - the so called “Iron Age” breed - are different from typical modern white pigs (Large Whites) when both are reared on ‘modern’ commercial diets. Tests on carcass composition and meat quality were therefore made.“Iron Age” pigs (IAP) were formed at the Cotswold Farm Park by crossing the European Wild Pig with the Tamworth. Three litters were obtained from 2 sires and 1 female and the progeny reared from about 20 kg on a pelleted diet (13.0 MJDE/kg) fed ad libitum. Slaughter was at approximately 60 kg live weight for the 18 IAP and 6 Large White (LW) pigs (balanced for sex) used in the tasting tests and between 10 and 240 kg for the dissected animals (250 LW, 19 IAP) - these data were then corrected to 65 kg live weight. The LW pigs were from several litters reared on the Institute farm.

The effects of cross, slaughter weight and halothane genotype on leanness and meat and fat quality in pig carcasses

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. García-Macías ◽  
M. Gispert ◽  
M. A. Oliver ◽  
A. Diestre ◽  
P. Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Large White ◽  
White Line ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Exudative Meat ◽  
Lean Weight

AbstractCarcass and meat quality traits were studied in 94 barrows of known HAL-1843 genotype (homozygote - - and heterozygote - +) from three crosses slaughtered at 90 kg and 120 kg live weight. Crosses A and B were produced from sires of which 0·5 of the genes were from a heavy-muscled × Large White line and 0·5 from pure Pietrain (A) or Duroc (B). Sows for both A and B were from a hyperprolific Large White × Landrace line and this latter line produced the pigs for cross C (control). The carcasses from cross A which were sired from boars having 0·75 of their genotype from heavy-muscled genetic lines had higher killing-out proportion, better conformation scores, greater loin depth and loin area, less carcass length and bone content, and greater lean proportion compared with cross C. The carcasses from cross B, with roughly 0·25 of Duroc genes had a significantly higher backfat thickness than either cross A or C. However their composition was not significantly different from C, since the higher backfat was counter-balanced by their better conformation. Carcass and lean weight distribution was more favourable in crosses A and B, which had significantly higher economic yields than cross C. The halothane genotype did not have a significant effect on fatness and carcass composition, although the heterozygote showed a significantly greater muscle depth. In addition, no significant effect of the halothane gene on carcass and lean weight distribution was observed. In relation to the light group of carcasses (72·8 (s.e. 4·4) kg), the heavy group (100·1 (s.e. 2·7) kg) had greater killing-out proportion, better conformation, longer carcasses, higher fatness and greater loin depth and area. These genetic lines showed a 9·6 g/kg increase in fat and a 6·1 g/kg decrease in lean for every 10 kg of increasing slaughter weight. With the slaughter weight increase the longissimus dorsi muscle became less pale due to a higher muscle pigment concentration, and the backfat had a higher proportion of oleic and lower proportion of linoleic and palmitic fatty acids. The halothane genotype had a significant effect on meat quality. The heterozygote produced much paler, softer and more exudative meat. However, the effect of cross and carcass weight was not significant for meat quality measurements determining pale, soft and exudative meat.

A note on the effect of stocking density and temperature on meat quality in pigs

1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 480-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Guise ◽  
P. D. Warriss
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
High Energy Phosphate ◽  
Large White ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
R Value

One hundred and eighty-four Large White × Landrace pigs were transported 192 km to slaughter at stocking densities of either 0·3 or 0·4 m2 per 100 kg live weight and at ambient temperatures of >14°C or <10°C. After holding for 3 h in lairage and slaughter by normal practices, samples of m. semimembranosus were removed 45 min after exsanguination. Overall, pigs transported under cold conditions had a slightly lower mean pH45 (0·12 difference, P < 0·05) in the muscle but there were no effects of treatment on ultimate pH or R-value, a measure of the ratio of high energy phosphate compounds to their metabolites. Over 11% of the pigs had ultimate pH values 5·9. This may imply that the pre-slaughter handling had led to some material glycogen depletion. In view of the lack of major effects of stocking density or temperature during transport, it is likely that factors other than the treatments were contributors to this condition and were more important in determining subsequent meat quality.

scholarly journals Feedlot performance, carcass composition and pork quality from entire male and female Landrace and Large White market-weight pigs

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Sather ◽  
S. D. M. Jones ◽  
S. Joyal
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Large White ◽  
Meat Quality Traits

A total of 80 pigs, representing Large White and Landrace boars and gilts were slaughtered at an average live weight of 92.3 kg (80.5 – 102.5 kg). Boars were housed in groups of five pigs per pen, and were individually fed to appetite twice daily for a period of 45 min. Gilts were housed in groups of 12 pigs per pen. The diet consisted of 21% crude protein with 3300 kcal kg−1 digestible energy. Carcasses were weighed on the slaughter floor and cooled at 1 °C for 24 h prior to dissection of the left side into fat, bone and lean. There were no significant breed-by-gender interactions for growth, carcass and meat quality traits. These pigs had low average backfat, when measured ultrasonically according to Canadian Swine Improvement Program standards on the live pig (gilts 12.3 mm, boars 10.1 mm), high average daily gain (ADG: gilts 880, boars 940 g d−1) and low age adjusted to 90 kg (gilts 148, boars 145 d). Large White boars had a lower feed conversion ratio (2.18 vs. 2.32, P = 0.015) and less feed intake per day (2.05 vs. 2.14 kg d−1P = 0.020) than did Landrace boars. There were no significant differences in dissected lean yield between breeds (P = 0.389) or genders (P = 0.148). However, gilts had greater carcass grade fat and greater lean depth measurements than did boars, such that both genders had a predicted lean yield of 51.8%. Gilts (40.8 cm2) had a larger (P < 0.001) longissimus dorsi area than boars (38.0 cm2). There were no breed effects on the lean content of the four major cuts (P = 0.20), but boars had less fat (P = 0.01) and more bone than gilts (P < 0.01). There were few consistent differences in subjective or objective meat quality traits (i.e. color, drip loss) among breeds or genders. Boars had muscle with greater moisture than gilts (P < 0.001) as well as softer fat (P = 0.016). Thus, it appears possible to produce pork of high quality from lean animals and that lean boars efficiently produce carcasses of equivalent yield and quality to carcasses produced by lean gilts. Key words: Swine, boar, carcass composition, meat quality, Landrace, Large White

Effects of Beta Agonist GAH/034 on Carcass Composition and Meat Quality in Pigs

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 ◽  
pp. 61-61
Author(s):  
J D Wood ◽  
A J Brown ◽  
M J Kilpatrick ◽  
J E Bushell
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Beta Agonist ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Large White ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
Meat Species

There has been recent interest in all the red meat species in a group of compounds known as β-agonists which reduce the proportion of fat in the carcass when added to the diet. In this work the effects of the novel Glaxo compound GAH/034 are reported.Sixty crossbred (Large White x Landrace) gilts from 16 litters were used. From 25 to 80 kg live weight, 2 groups of 10 were fed a control diet (C) containing 13 MJDE and 190g crude protein/kg. Four treatment (T) groups of 10 were fed the same diet containing 4 ppm GAH/034. All groups were fed on the same time-based feeding scale which allowed 1.2 kg/pig/d at 25 kg Increasing by 0.2 kg/d each week to an upper limit of 3.0 kg/day. All pigs were fed the control diet for four days before slaughter at the IFR abattoir at 80 kg live weight after which a range of carcass and meat quality tests were applied. Half the pigs were fully dissected into lean, bone, skin, subcutaneous fat and intermuscular fat.

scholarly journals 194 Carcass and Meat Quality of Pasture-raised Lamb and Goat

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 67-67
Author(s):  
Jung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Feeding Systems

Abstract Various trials have been proceeded to develop forage feeding systems that meet nutritional requirements for meat producing sheep and goats under the SCC-81 project: Sustainable Small Ruminant Production in the Southeastern United States. Small ruminants are fed most of their required nutrients from forages to increase the profit to the livestock producers. However, pasture-based production systems have a limitation because of seasonal variation of nutrient contents in pastures. This often means pasture alone does not always provide adequate nutrition for fast growing animals. Furthermore, different forms and energy levels of diets influence carcass composition and meat properties in food animals. Meat animal carcasses vary in composition through genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors. In general, dressing percentages of sheep and goats ranged from around 40% to 60%, and their shoulder and leg cuts represent more than half of their entire carcass weight. Pasture-based systems of meat production have sustained low live weight gains relative to those achieved with intensive grain-based systems. Subsequently, sheep and goats finished at pasture have produced lighter carcasses with a low fat content, which is rich in beneficial fatty acids such as alpha-linolenic and conjugated linoleic acids. Meat-producing sheep and goats with high-energy intake generally increased the juiciness, tenderness, and texture of their meat, but the consumer acceptability was lower because of higher content of fat in their meat than those from sheep and goats finished on forage diets. A brief overview of the recent works in the SCC-81 project will be presented in order to illustrate the impacts of newly developed forage feeding systems on carcass characteristics and meat quality of sheep and goats.

An evaluation of beef carcass quality 1. The influence of cereal feeding on the growth and carcass quality of Friesian steers

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Hinks ◽  
J. H. D. Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Grazing Cattle ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Tasting Panel

SUMMARYTwenty-four Friesian steers, initially 5 months of age, were involved in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment which spanned grazing and silage feeding periods of 22 weeks' duration. In the first period, cattle were stocked at a uniformly high density, with half of the group being fed 1·25 kg/head per day of supplementary barley. In the second period, the cattle were subdivided into four groups and fed varying levels of barley with silage. Finally all the animals received 3·65 kg/head per day of barley. Replicates of the four treatments were slaughtered at random after 5 to 11 weeks on this treatment. Whilst supplementary cereal feeding significantly increased the live-weight gains of steers at grass by 11%, this live-weight advantage was offset by their slower gains in the final weeks before slaughter. Feeding cereals to grazing cattle had little effect on carcass composition or the proportions of carcass joints, but their beef was considered, by a tasting panel, to be more tender than the meat from the control steers.Increasing the level of barley fed with silage only increased live-weight gains by 2%, and had little effect on carcass or meat quality.

The protein and energy nutrition of the pig. V. The effect of varying the protein and energy levels in the ‘finishing diets’ of heavy pigs

1965 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Large White ◽  
High Energy Level ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Carcass Measurement

1. A feeding trial was carried out using fortyeight Large White pigs, individually fed in a Danish type piggery. Six different diets prepared at two levels of digestible energy and three levels of crude protein were fed to eight replicates consisting of four hogs and four gilts per replicate. A record was maintained of the weekly live-weight gain and food was given at a defined restricted level in relation to the live weight. Carcass quality was assessed by complete dissection into visible lean, fat and bone etc.2. Of the main effects, energy, supply was without significant effect upon growth, food conversion efficiency (FCE) or any carcass characteristics except body length which was increased with a high energy level. The protein level in the diet had a significant effect upon the percentage of carcass lean and the killing-out percentage, the higher levels of protein increasing both these measurements significantly. Gilts were significantly superior to hogs in every carcass measurement although hogs grew significantly faster.

An evaluation of beef carcass quality 2. Influence of variation in grazing intensity and the level of barley supplementation with silage on the carcass and meat quality of Friesian steers

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-237
Author(s):  
C. E. Hinks ◽  
J. H. D. Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Carcass Quality

SUMMARYTwo experiments concerning the effects, on the carcass and meat characteristics of 18-months-old Friesian steers, of variation in grazing intensity and the level of barley feeding with silage are reported.Groups of 12 steers were grazed at different intensities over 5-month grazing periods, such that live-weight differences of 38 kg and 16 kg were recorded at housing. No compensatory growth was recorded during the subsequent winter feeding period.Whilst the grazing treatments had little effect on carcass or meat quality, higher levels of barley feeding with silage over the winter period (710 v. 410 kg/steer) had significant effects on live-weight gain, and increased carcass weight by 21 kg at slaughter. The higher yield of carcass weight was reflected in significant differences in carcass composition, joint proportions and retail cut-out value. Sixty per cent of the carcass weight difference was removed as trim fat. Differences in carcass fatness were not associated with any differences in eating quality.

scholarly journals Effects of the MHS locus on growth, carcass and meat quality traits in F<sub>2</sub> crosses between Mangalitza and Piétrain breeds

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Thaller ◽  
L. Dempfle ◽  
A. Schlecht ◽  
S. Wiedemann ◽  
H. Eichinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Dna Test ◽  
Whole Genome Scan ◽  
Group Sex ◽  
High Level

Abstract. A total of 345 F2 animals from a crossbred design Mangalitza (homozygous NN) x Piétrain (homozygous nn) were fed ad libitum at the institute's Thalhausen Research Station and slaughtered at a live weight of approximately 100 kg. MHS genotypes (67 nn, 192 Nn and 86 NN) were determined directly in a DNA test targeting the ryanodine reeeptor locus. Models for analysis of variance included sire, dam, pen, slaughter group, sex and MHS effects. Growth Performance was generally lower and carcass composition minor compared to other breeds and crosses. No significant differences were found between MHS genotypes for growth traits but NN animals tended to be less eflicient with respect to food conversion. However, nearly all measurements of the carcass showed significant differences between nn and NN which were especially pronounced for sidefat thickness (−7 1mm) fat over the musculus longissimus dorsi (−8.8 mm) and loin eye area (+8.7 cm2) as well as fat area (−5.1 cm2) We found Nn animals performing similar to NN animals due to incomplete dominance of the N allele. As expected nn had a substantial negative influence on meat quality compared to NN and Nn (e.g. −0.61 and −0.15 for pH 45 min, respectively). Intramuscular fat content was at a high level and nn had significantly lower values with differences of −0.40% and −0.25% relative to NN and Nn, respectively. A whole genome scan is currently underway with emphasis on fat measurements which showed promising Variation in this study.

Effect of level of feed intake on the performance and carcass composition of growing pigs

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Barber ◽  
R. Braude ◽  
K. G. Mitchell ◽  
R. J. Pittman
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Large White ◽  
Enzootic Pneumonia ◽  
Litter Mate ◽  
Different Genetic Background ◽  
Different Levels

SUMMARY1. Twelve blocks of six enzootic-pneumonia-free Large White litter-mate pigs were individually fed, wet, from 20 to 92 kg live weight on six different levels of feed intake. Four groups were fed according to scales based on live weight and two were fed on a ‘semi-ad libitum’ system. One of the scales used was based on the ARC (1967) recommendations.2. Pigs on ‘semi-ad libitum’ feeding grew significantly faster than those on scale feeding although the feed: gain ratios were similar. Differences in performance between the four scale-fed groups were relatively small.3. Although treatment differences in carcass measurements were in the main small, the commercial grading results favoured the carcasses from the scale-fed pigs. The firmness of backfat assessed by thumb pressure was reduced as the level of feeding was increased.4. The results were compared with those obtained in a similar trial carried out at Shinfield in 1957 using pigs of a completely different genetic background. The general conclusions reached were similar in the two trials, that to obtain the most satisfactory overall results some form of controlled scale-feeding was necessary.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document