Optimising crop residue utilization in zimbabwe

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 148-148
Author(s):  
B Manyuchi ◽  
S Ncube ◽  
T Smith
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Season

Dry season feed for ruminants is characterised by a shortage of energy and protein. Technology for improving the utilization of crop residues may not be available because of shortages of money or inputs. Chemical treatment, supplementation and handling of stovers available in Zimbabwe has been studied.Lambs were allocated to treatment by blocking according to live weight and then randomizing within blacks. Three weeks acclimatisation was followed by intake measurement over 7 days and digestibility over 5 days.

scholarly journals Crop and Residue Management Improves Productivity and Profitability of Rice–Maize System in Salt-Affected Rainfed Lowlands of East India

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2019
Author(s):  
Sukanta K. Sarangi ◽  
Sudhanshu Singh ◽  
Ashish K. Srivastava ◽  
Madhu Choudhary ◽  
Uttam K. Mandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Available N ◽  
Cropping Intensity ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
N Requirement

This study was conducted over 3 years in a salt-affected coastal rainfed lowland ecosystem. Farmers most commonly grow tall rice varieties in the wet season to cope with flash and/or stagnant floods, leading to large amounts of rice residue production. Most of the land remains fallow during the dry season because of increased salinity and scarcity of freshwater for irrigation. The study aims to provide options for increasing cropping intensity through management of crop residues (CR) and soil salinity, conservation of soil moisture, and reduction in production cost. The rice–maize rotation was assessed with rice as the main plot as (1) puddled transplanted rice (PTR) with CR of both rice and maize removed, (2) PTR and 40% CR of both crops retained, (3) dry direct-seeded rice (DSR) with CR of both crops removed, and (4) DSR with 40% CR of both crops retained. Maize in the dry season was supplied with different N levels as sub-plots—control (0 kg N ha−1), 80, 120, and 160 kg N ha−1. DSR, when combined with CR retention (DSR + R), reduced soil salinity. The increase in rice grain yield with CR retention (observed in second and third years) and crop establishment (higher in DSR versus PTR in the third year) was 16 and 24%, respectively. The cost of production increased by 17% (USD 605 ha−1) in PTR compared with DSR (USD 518 ha−1). CR retention reduced irrigation water requirement by 37% and N requirement by 40 kg ha−1 for hybrid maize. When CR was removed (−R), the N requirement for hybrid maize increased to 160 kg N ha−1 compared to when it was partially (40%) retained, where the requirement was 120 kg ha−1 with similar yields. Available N was highest under DSR + R (314 kg ha−1) and lowest under PTR − R (169 kg ha−1), and it also increased with increasing N application up to 120 kg ha−1 (+R) and 160 kg ha−1 (−R). The results of the study hold promise for increasing cropping intensity and farmers’ incomes, with broader implications for increasing productivity on about 2.95 million hectares currently under a rice–fallow system in eastern India, and in coastal areas affected by similar conditions in South and Southeast Asia.

scholarly journals Impact of crop residue management on crop production and soil chemistry after seven years of crop rotation in temperate climate, loamy soils

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Pierre Hiel ◽  
Sophie Barbieux ◽  
Jérôme Pierreux ◽  
Claire Olivier ◽  
Guillaume Lobet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Crop Residue Management ◽  
The Impact

Society is increasingly demanding a more sustainable management of agro-ecosystems in a context of climate change and an ever growing global population. The fate of crop residues is one of the important management aspects under debate, since it represents an unneglectable quantity of organic matter which can be kept in or removed from the agro-ecosystem. The topic of residue management is not new, but the need for global conclusion on the impact of crop residue management on the agro-ecosystem linked to local pedo-climatic conditions has become apparent with an increasing amount of studies showing a diversity of conclusions. This study specifically focusses on temperate climate and loamy soil using a seven-year data set. Between 2008 and 2016, we compared four contrasting residue management strategies differing in the amount of crop residues returned to the soil (incorporation vs. exportation of residues) and in the type of tillage (reduced tillage (10 cm depth) vs. conventional tillage (ploughing at 25 cm depth)) in a field experiment. We assessed the impact of the crop residue management on crop production (three crops—winter wheat, faba bean and maize—cultivated over six cropping seasons), soil organic carbon content, nitrate (${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) soil content and uptake by the crops. The main differences came primarily from the tillage practice and less from the restitution or removal of residues. All years and crops combined, conventional tillage resulted in a yield advantage of 3.4% as compared to reduced tillage, which can be partly explained by a lower germination rate observed under reduced tillage, especially during drier years. On average, only small differences were observed for total organic carbon (TOC) content of the soil, but reduced tillage resulted in a very clear stratification of TOC and also of P and K content as compared to conventional tillage. We observed no effect of residue management on the ${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$ content, since the effect of fertilization dominated the effect of residue management. To confirm the results and enhance early tendencies, we believe that the experiment should be followed up in the future to observe whether more consistent changes in the whole agro-ecosystem functioning are present on the long term when managing residues with contrasted strategies.

scholarly journals Qualitative and quantitative response of soil organic carbon to 40 years of crop residue incorporation under contrasting nitrogen fertilisation regimes

Soil Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Poeplau ◽  
Lisa Reiter ◽  
Antonio Berti ◽  
Thomas Kätterer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Residue Incorporation ◽  
Crop Residue Incorporation ◽  
Soc Stocks

Crop residue incorporation (RI) is recommended to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. However, the positive effect on SOC is often reported to be relatively low and alternative use of crop residues, e.g. as a bioenergy source, may be more climate smart. In this context, it is important to understand: (i) the response of SOC stocks to long-term crop residue incorporation; and (ii) the qualitative SOC change, in order to judge the sustainability of this measure. We investigated the effect of 40 years of RI combined with five different nitrogen (N) fertilisation levels on SOC stocks and five SOC fractions differing in turnover times on a clay loam soil in Padua, Italy. The average increase in SOC stock in the 0–30cm soil layer was 3.1Mgha–1 or 6.8%, with no difference between N fertilisation rates. Retention coefficients of residues did not exceed 4% and decreased significantly with increasing N rate (R2=0.49). The effect of RI was higher after 20 years (4.6Mgha–1) than after 40 years, indicating that a new equilibrium has been reached and no further gains in SOC can be expected. Most (92%) of the total SOC was stored in the silt and clay fraction and 93% of the accumulated carbon was also found in this fraction, showing the importance of fine mineral particles for SOC storage, stabilisation and sequestration in arable soils. No change was detected in more labile fractions, indicating complete turnover of the annual residue-derived C in these fractions under a warm humid climate and in a highly base-saturated soil. The applied fractionation was thus useful to elucidate drivers and mechanisms of SOC formation and stabilisation. We conclude that residue incorporation is not a significant management practice affecting soil C storage in warm temperate climatic regions.

scholarly journals Performance of lentil varities as influenced by different Rhizobium innoculations

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Haque ◽  
P Bala ◽  
AK Azad
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Rhizobium Strain ◽  
Rhizobium Inoculation ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Better Than

A field experiment was conducted at the farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during November 2009 to March 2010 to study the response of three lentil varieties (viz., BARI Masur-1, BARI Masur-2 and BARI Masur-3) to Rhizobium inoculations to yield. There were three Rhizobium inoculants (Rhizobium strain BINA L4, Rhizobium strain TAL 640, and mixed culture) with uninoculated control and urea @ 50 kg ha-1. Phosphorus and potassium @ 26 kg P ha-1from TSP and 33 kg K ha-1 from MP were used as basal. It was observed that Rhizobium inoculation alone increased plant height, grain yield and crop residues yield of plant significantly compared to uninoculated control. Local inoculants BINA L4 performed better than the exotic culture TAL 640 in respect of yield. 50 kg urea ha-1 also recorded better results than control but not superior to any of the inoculation treatments. The highest seed (1,565 kg ha-1) and crop residue yields (3,303 kg ha-1) were recorded from the lentil variety BARIMasur-3 inoculated with mixed culture.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2014, 17(1): 41-46

scholarly journals Crop Residue Management for Sustenance of Natural Resources and Agriculture Productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maninder Singh ◽  
Anita Jaswal ◽  
Arshdeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Crop Residue Management

Crop residue management (CRM) through conservation agriculture can improve soil productivity and crop production by preserving soil organic matter (SOM) levels. Two major benefits of surface-residue management are improved organic matter (OM) near the soil surface and boosted nutrient cycling and preservation. Larger microbial biomass and activity near the soil surface act as a pool for nutrients desirable in crop production and enhance structural stability for increased infiltration. In addition to the altered nutrient distribution within the soil profile, changes also occur in the chemical and physical properties of the soil. Improved soil C sequestration through enhanced CRM is a cost-effective option for reducing agriculture's impact on the environment. Ideally, CRM practices should be selected to optimize crop yields with negligible adverse effects on the environment. Crop residues of common agricultural crops are chief resources, not only as sources of nutrients for subsequent crops but also for amended soil, water and air quality. Maintaining and managing crop residues in agriculture can be economically beneficial to many producers and more importantly to society. Improved residue management and reduced tillage practices should be encouraged because of their beneficial role in reducing soil degradation and increasing soil productivity. Thus, farmers have a responsibility in making management decisions that will enable them to optimize crop yields and minimize environmental impacts. Multi-disciplinary and integrated efforts by a wide variety of scientists are required to design the best site-specific systems for CRM practices to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability while minimizing environmental impacts.

scholarly journals Management problem of crop residues production in Aliero Local Government Area of Kebbi State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
M. A. Muftau ◽  
A. A. Kwaido ◽  
M. S. Ayuba ◽  
N. Kadi ◽  
Y. NaAllah
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
The Family ◽  
Management Problems ◽  
Self Production ◽  
Storage Structures

A study was conducted to examine the management problems of crop residues production in five villages within Aliero Local Government Area of Kebbi State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was administered to 75 respondents within the study area. The data collected was analyzed using simple statistical tools such as frequency counts and percentages. The family size of the respondents showed that more than half (52.41%) had 5-8 members. Majority of the respondents were within the age categories of 23-32 (39.60%) and 32-42 years (33.30%). It was observed that most of the respondents were male (78.08%) with different educational background. The study revealed that about 47.95% of the respondents were farmers. Mixed cropping is common to the household with cereal and legume crops combination; sorghum/groundnut (6.85%), millet/groundnut (28.03%) and sorghum/cowpea (36.99%). Various storage methods existed among the house hold in handling crop residues as majority (45.21%) kept crop residues on the roof tops and the least (9.59%) kept crop residues on the tree branches. Crop residues were from groundnut straws, cowpea straws, maize stover, millet stover and rice straws with sorghum stover constituting the highest (30.14%). Majority of the respondents (39.74%) source their crop residues from self production. The study also showed that all the respondents encountered one or more management problems which limit crop residue production and they include high cost of irrigation (78.08%), inadequate storage structures (75.34%) and inadequate capital (68.86%) among others constitute the prominent problems to crop residue production in the study area.

scholarly journals MITIGATION OF CROP RESIDUE BURNING INDUCED AIR POLLUTION IN NEW DELHI – A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopalakrishnan Srinivasan ◽  
Arumugam Abirami
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Crop Residue Burning ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Indian Industries ◽  
Stubble Burning

The atmosphere of New Delhi during the months of October to the January next year (every year) remains critical due to factors such as stubble burning in the nearby state of Punjab, air pollution rising out of Diwali fireworks and the smog during December and January. Stubble burning is the intentional incineration of paddy / any other field stubbles by farmers after the harvest. It is usually done to eliminate pests such as rats, crickets and hoppers. The availability of short time between rice harvesting and sowing of wheat is the most important reason for burning of crop residues. Also yield and quality of wheat gets severely affected if there is delay in sowing. Since the time gap is very limited (about 3 – 4 weeks) between rice and wheat, burning of crop residues is preferred since it is the quickest and easiest solution for the farmers. According to reports, New Delhi, Noida and Ghaziabad recorded a peak Air Quality Index (AQI) of around 480 – 490 in the month of November 2019. Health effects of air pollution include respiratory diseases, skin and eye irritation and other ailments. An important factor is shortage of labor contributing to burning of rice straw. Apart from stubble burning, farmers burn wood for domestic cooking, removal of municipal solid wastes and accidental / intentional wildfires. Use of combined harvester – Happy Seeder machine is a profitable and less labour-intensive management of rice residue. Yet many farmers still have the perception that there are no alternative solutions for crop residue management. Besides Happy Seeder machine, there are other machines such as rotavator, reaper binder and no-till seed drill that can be alternatives for crop residue burning. In 2019 – 20, the Punjab government disbursed a certain amount to farmers for not burning stubble as compensation, yet many farmers adopted the stubble burning process. Other measures such as adoption of villages by Confederation of Indian Industries, MoU with institutes for wast

Compensatory growth in mashona steers of two ages grazing natural pasture in zimbabwe

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 105-105
Author(s):  
B. Manyuchi ◽  
T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Natural Pasture

Cattle not fed a supplement on dry season grazing lose weight. The magnitude of this loss and the extent of recovery during the subsequent wet season were measured in Mashona steers.Mashona steers aged 8 and 20 months at the outset (groups A and B respectively) were used. Within each group (n = 50) steers were fed cottonseed meal (CSM, 250g per 100kg live-weight) or not fed CSM during the dry season.

scholarly journals Crop residue decomposition in Minnesota biochar-amended plots

Solid Earth ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 499-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Weyers ◽  
K. A. Spokas
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Microbial Dynamics ◽  
Wood Pellet ◽  
First Order ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
Continuous Corn ◽  
Crop Residue Decomposition

Abstract. Impacts of biochar application at laboratory scales are routinely studied, but impacts of biochar application on decomposition of crop residues at field scales have not been widely addressed. The priming or hindrance of crop residue decomposition could have a cascading impact on soil processes, particularly those influencing nutrient availability. Our objectives were to evaluate biochar effects on field decomposition of crop residue, using plots that were amended with biochars made from different plant-based feedstocks and pyrolysis platforms in the fall of 2008. Litterbags containing wheat straw material were buried in July of 2011 below the soil surface in a continuous-corn cropped field in plots that had received one of seven different biochar amendments or a uncharred wood-pellet amendment 2.5 yr prior to start of this study. Litterbags were collected over the course of 14 weeks. Microbial biomass was assessed in treatment plots the previous fall. Though first-order decomposition rate constants were positively correlated to microbial biomass, neither parameter was statistically affected by biochar or wood-pellet treatments. The findings indicated only a residual of potentially positive and negative initial impacts of biochars on residue decomposition, which fit in line with established feedstock and pyrolysis influences. Overall, these findings indicate that no significant alteration in the microbial dynamics of the soil decomposer communities occurred as a consequence of the application of plant-based biochars evaluated here.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document