Effect of silage additives on the microbial succession and fermentation process of alfalfa and whole-plant maize silages

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 156-156
Author(s):  
K. K. Bolsen ◽  
B. E. Brent ◽  
Chunjian Lin
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Microbial Succession ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

Alfalfa is recognized as more difficult to ensile than maize. Typically, multiple alfalfa cuttings are harvested at various stages of maturity, and numerous maize hybrids that vary in their nutritive value are used for silage production in North America. The objective of these studies was to determine the effects of commercial bacterial inoculant and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) additions on the microbial succession and silage fermentation process of two cuttings of alfalfa and three whole-plant maize hybrids.In 1989, second and fourth cuttings of alfalfa were mowed and swathed at the late-bud, 10% bloom, and 50% bloom stages of maturity within each cutting and wilted in the windrow for 5 to 6 hours prior to precision chopping. Three maize hybrids (Pioneer 3377, 3379, and 3389) were grown under irrigation in 1989 and harvested at the two-third milk line of kernel maturity.

EFFECT OF GROWTH STAGE AT HARVEST ON THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF A GRAIN CORN GROWN FOR SILAGE

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. P. Davis ◽  
D. M. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
High Level ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

The yield and nutritive value of whole plant, stalk, leaf, husk, and ear were studied for the corn hybrid Pioneer 383 at 8 weekly intervals following silking in 1966 and 1967. Percentage dry matter (DM) increased with maturity. Stalk percentage DM averaged 17.4% at the glazed stage, compared with 28.9% for the whole plant. Kernel percentage DM was 60% at the glazed stage for both years, with a ± 2% within-plot variation. The whole-plant yield of DM increased with maturity. Stalk, leaf, husk, and ear contributed 35, 14, 7, and 44% to whole-plant yield of DM. Total nitrogen (N) declined with maturity. Ear N averaged 65% of the whole-plant N. Water-soluble carbohydrate content of the whole plant was greatest for the second and third harvest and remained at a high level for all harvests. The yield of in vitro digestible dry matter (IVD DM) was greatest for the ear which contributed 52.8% of the total IVD DM, compared with 29.1, 13.4, and 7.6% for stalk, leaf, and husk. Digestible energy, obtained with wethers, was comparable for most growth stages. Both percentage digestible crude protein (CP) and g/kg DM CP showed a declining trend with maturity. DM intakes were lower than indicated by other studies.

Canopy morphology and nutritional quality traits as potential grazing value indicators for Lolium perenne varieties

2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. GILLILAND ◽  
P. D. BARRETT ◽  
R. L. MANN ◽  
R. E. AGNEW ◽  
A. M. FEARON
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Testing Protocols

Twelve perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) varieties of different ploidy and maturity classifications were compared under a frequent cutting management in their second harvest year, equivalent to the simulated rotational grazing system employed in UK testing protocols. Varietal differences in canopy structure (proportion of lamina, green leaf mass, sward surface height, extended tiller height, bulk density) and in herbage nutritive value factors (water-soluble carbohydrate content and proportion of linoleic and α-linolenic fatty acids) were assessed and their importance evaluated with reference to total herbage production. Significant variety variation (P<0·001) was recorded in the annual means of all the canopy structure characteristics. Significant differences associated with ploidy were also recorded, with tetraploid varieties having significantly higher values than diploids in most plant characters, indicating better intake characteristics for these grasses. Temporal patterns of variation associated with maturity were also observed in several characters, thus making it impossible to designate a single assessment that would be representative of the annual ranking of varieties. Water-soluble carbohydrate concentration differed significantly (P<0·001) between varieties and although the tetraploids tended to have high contents, the highest value of all was recorded in a diploid variety, which had been selectively bred for this trait. The varieties did not differ in total lipid content but there were significant differences in the proportion of linoleic acid between varieties (P<0·001) while the proportion of α-linolenic acid differed between varieties (P<0·001), ploidy (P<0·001) and maturity (P<0·05) classes.Overall evaluation of the extensive variety variation highlighted the need for better quantification of animal responses to differences of these magnitudes, before the high workload of including them in routine variety testing protocols could be justified. Potential for breeding improvement in these factors was also indicated and the future prospects for their use in farmer decision support systems was considered.

The effects of ensiling molassed sugar beet pulp with grass and protein supplementation on pregnant ewe performance.

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 122-122
Author(s):  
J.V. O'Doherty ◽  
T.F. Crosby ◽  
P.J. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Sunshine Hours ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Pregnant Ewe ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

There is increasing interest in the addition of dry feed materials to grass at ensiling, primarily as a means of reducing effluent production although other benefits claimed include improvements in silage fermentation and animal performance. The objective of the present study was to examine the possible use of molassed sugar beet pulp fed either separately or ensiled with grass at the time of silage making on ewe and lamb performance, and with or without protein supplementation.Grass from a primary growth of perennial ryegrass with dry matter, water soluble carbohydrate and crude protein contents of 13.2%, 24 g/kg and 106 g/kg DM respectively was mowed on June 2nd and was picked up using a precision chop harvester on the 4th and 5th of June. The weather during this period was extremely unfavourable for good silage making. There were 7.5, 1.5 and 2.8 mm of rainfall on the 3rd, 4th and 5th of June. The temperatures (0 C) on these days were: 2nd June - 12.9: 3rd -10.6: 4th - 10.7. There was no bright sunshine hours on either the 3rd or 5th of June and only 2.1 hours on June 4th. Two treatments were imposed (i) formic acid (2.5 litres/t) applied in the field via the forage harvester (GS) (ii) molassed sugar beet pulp (MSBP)(50 kg/t) applied by hand in the silo on top of each load of grass(GSP).The two silos were filled .consolidated and sealed within 24 hours.

Prediction of forage dry matter and soluble carbohydrate content from analysis of expressed juice

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 234-234
Author(s):  
D.I.H. Jones ◽  
C.P. Freeman ◽  
J.R. Newbold ◽  
A.R. Fychan ◽  
Elspeth Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Ultimate Objective ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Relationship

The dry matter (DM) and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations of forage are the main characteristics influencing the course of silage fermentation. Knowledge of these parameters would enable decisions to be made both on the need for additive and the type of additive likely to be most effective. Moreover, the degree of wilt could also be followed in wilted crops. The present study was directed to assessing the relationship between the composition of the crop and the volume and composition of the expressed juice. The ultimate objective was the development of on-farm methodology for predicting the ensiling characteristics of crops.

Effect of spraytopping applications of paraquat and glyphosate on the nutritive value and regeneration of vulpia (Vulpia bromoides (L.) S.F. Gray)

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Leys ◽  
BR Cullis ◽  
B Plater
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Subsequent Regeneration ◽  
Earlier Application

The effects of paraquat and glyphosate on the nutritive value of dry residues of vulpia [Vulpia bromoides (L.) S. F. Gray], and its subsequent regeneration the following year were examined at Wagga Wagga during the spring, summer and winter of 1986/87 and 1987/88. Paraquat (100 and 200 g a.i./ha) and glyphosate (135 and 270 g a.i./ha) were applied as spraytopping treatments at heading, anthesis and early grain filling stages of vulpia. For both herbicides, time of application was critical to the level of regeneration obtained. Glyphosate gave 84 and 83% control when applied at heading and anthesis respectively, delaying application until early grain filling reduced the level of vulpia control to 28%. Paraquat gave 81% control when applied at anthesis, while delaying application until early grain filling, or earlier application at heading, gave 59% control. Crude protein (CP) and water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations, and in vitro organic matter digestibilities (OMD) were measured in vulpia residues collected for 16 weeks after herbicide application. Paraquat increased CP levels most when applied at heading (from 4-8 to 7.2% in 1986, and from 4.9 to 6.5% in 1987). Glyphosate increased CP levels most when applied at heading in 1986 (from 4.8 to 5.4%), but at anthesis in 1987 (from 4.9 to 6.5%). Glyphosate increased WSC most when applied at heading (from 5.7 to 10.6% in 1986, and from 3.5 to 6.3% in 19871, while paraquat reduced WSC in both years. Application of glyphosate at heading was the only treatment to increase OMD (from 50.5 to 54.7%).

The proportions of cell content, nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen and water-soluble carbohydrate in three grasses in the early stages of regrowth after defoliation with and without applied nitrogen

1978 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wilman ◽  
P. T. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
N Application ◽  
N Content ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

SUMMARYThe regrowth of Aberystwyth S. 22 Italian ryegrass, S. 24 perennial ryegrass and S. 37 cocksfoot was studied in field swards with and without applied nitrogen during the 21 days following a cut or grazing, there being a total of five periods of study at different tunes of year and in different years.The proportion of cell content in the harvested herbage, as measured by neutral detergent, increased by nearly 9 percentage units from day 3 to day 18 of regrowth. The proportion of cell content as measured by acid pepsin also increased during regrowth, but to a lesser extent. The proportion of cell content in leaf blades of two age categories, as measured by neutral detergent, also increased during regrowth. The above increases in proportion of cell content were found in all three grasses. The increases were associated with increases in the proportion of crude protein in dry matter, which were only partially offset by reductions in the proportion of water-soluble carbohydrate. The broad pattern of change in N and nitrate-N content of Italian ryegrass herbage during regrowth in spring with different amounts of N applied, noted in earlier experiments, was confirmed and found to apply to perennial ryegrass and cocksfoot also. During a September-October period of study there was little sign of decline in nitrate-N content within the 21 days where N had been applied. Younger leaf blades had a rather lower nitrate-N content and a slightly higher total N content, on average, than, older blades. The application of N increased the proportion of crude protein more than it reduced the proportion of water-soluble carbohydrate and it increased the proportion of cell content. The increase in proportion of cell content was sufficient to explain the positive effect of N application on digestibility. The average proportion of total herbage N which was found in the cell wall fraction was about 12%.There appeared to be a relationship between chemical composition and dry-matter content. The chlorophyll content of leaf blades increased during regrowth and was increased by N application. The experimental results on balance, particularly those for proportion of cell content, suggest an improvement in nutritive value of grass during regrowth up to about 3 weeks in contrast to the well-recognized decline in nutritive value where regrowth proceeds beyond about 3 weeks.

Effects of water-soluble carbohydrate content on silage fermentation of wheat straw

2006 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Yan Yang ◽  
Xiao Fen Wang ◽  
Jian Bin Liu ◽  
Li Juan Gao ◽  
Masaharu Ishii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

scholarly journals Diurnal changes in the nutritive composition of four forage species at high and low N fertiliser

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
L.A. Box ◽  
G.R. Edwards ◽  
R.H. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Nitrogen Inputs ◽  
Nutritive Composition ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

Chicory and plantain have been suggested as alternative grazed forages to perennial ryegrass for New Zealand dairy systems. While diurnal changes in plant chemical composition have been described for ryegrass there is currently little information for herbs. This experiment aimed to compare the effect of nitrogen inputs (low and high) and harvesting time (am versus pm) on the chemical composition of four forages (ryegrass, plantain, chicory and white clover). The effect of harvest time was greater than N fertiliser inputs on chemical composition for all forages. Ryegrass showed the greatest increase in water soluble carbohydrate diurnally, at the expense of neutral detergent fibre and to a lesser extent crude protein. This suggests afternoon allocation of ryegrass may be beneficial to improve the nutritive value of pasture on offer; allocation timing is less important for white clover, chicory and plantain. Keywords: chicory, clover, crude protein, plantain, ryegrass, water soluble carbohydrate

Prediction of forage dry matter and soluble carbohydrate content from analysis of expressed juice

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 234-234
Author(s):  
D.I.H. Jones ◽  
C.P. Freeman ◽  
J.R. Newbold ◽  
A.R. Fychan ◽  
Elspeth Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Ultimate Objective ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Relationship

The dry matter (DM) and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations of forage are the main characteristics influencing the course of silage fermentation. Knowledge of these parameters would enable decisions to be made both on the need for additive and the type of additive likely to be most effective. Moreover, the degree of wilt could also be followed in wilted crops. The present study was directed to assessing the relationship between the composition of the crop and the volume and composition of the expressed juice. The ultimate objective was the development of on-farm methodology for predicting the ensiling characteristics of crops.

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