The influence of changes in dietary oil content on the fatty acid profile of backfat in pigs

The fatty add profile of pig fat has profound effects upon both the eating and keeping quality of pig meat. Fatty adds within carcass fat may arise from two discrete sources, being de novo synthesis and direct deposition from fatty acids present In the diet. The relative contribution of these two routes, together with the fatty acid profile of dietary fat, will Influence the chemical composition of carcass fat. It is well established that diets containing high levels of unsaturated fatty acids will result in softer and oilier carcass fat and It Is often considered inappropriate to feed such diets during the finishing phase of pig growth. However the speed with which carcass fat reflects a change in dietary fat has not been quantified. The objective of the current trial was to measure the rate of change in fatty acid profile of carcass fat of finishing pigs following major changes in dietary fat.

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Fatty acid profile and composition of milk protein fraction in dairy cows fed long-chain unsaturated fatty acids during the transition period

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982013001100008 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 42 (11) ◽

pp. 813-823 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Francisco Palma Rennó ◽

José Esler de Freitas Júnior ◽

Jefferson Rodrigues Gandra ◽

Lenita Camargo Verdurico ◽

Marcos Veiga dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Protein Fraction ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Transition Period ◽

Long Chain

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Influence of dietary fatty acids on adipose tissue composition and subsequent eating quality of finishing pigs

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s175275620059351x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1996 ◽

pp. 155-155

Author(s):

M S Redshaw ◽

J Wiseman ◽

D J A Cole ◽

J D Wood ◽

M Enser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Sensory Quality ◽

Dietary Fatty Acids ◽

Eating Quality ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Tissue Composition

It is well established that the fatty acid combustion of adipose issue in pigs (non-ruminants) may be manipulated by changes in the fatty acid profile of the diets. The objective of this program of work was to quantify the responses of adipose depots of finishing pigs to changes in the level and profile of dietary fatty acids and to relate these changes to the sensory quality of meat as determined by taste panel.

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Fatty acid positional distribution (sn-2 fatty acids) and phospholipid composition in Chinese breast milk from colostrum to mature stage

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114518002994 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 121 (1) ◽

pp. 65-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ke Wu ◽

Runying Gao ◽

Fang Tian ◽

Yingyi Mao ◽

Bei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Positional Distribution ◽

Phospholipid Composition ◽

Mature Stage ◽

Feeding Time

AbstractThis study quantified the fatty acid profile with emphasis on the stereo-specifically numbered (sn) 2 positional distribution in TAG and the composition of main phospholipids at different lactation stages. Colostrum milk (n 70), transitional milk (n 96) and mature milk (n 82) were obtained longitudinally from healthy lactating women in Shanghai. During lactation, total fatty acid content increased, with SFA dominating in fatty acid profile. A high ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFA was observed as 11:1 over lactation due to the abundance of linoleic acid in Chinese human milk. As the main SFA, palmitic acid showed absolute sn-2 selectivity, while oleic acid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, the main unsaturated fatty acids, were primarily esterified at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions. Nervonic acid and C22 PUFA including DHA were more enriched in colostrum with an sn-2 positional preference. A total of three dominant phospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM)) were analysed in the collected samples, and each showed a decline in amount over lactation. PC was the dominant compound followed by SM and PE. With prolonged breast-feeding time, percentage of PE in total phospholipids remained constant, but PC decreased, and SM increased. Results from this study indicated a lipid profile different from Western reports and may aid the development of future infant formula more suitable for Chinese babies.

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Antioxidant and fatty acid profile of gabiroba seed (Campomanesisa Xanthocarpa Berg)

Food Science and Technology ◽

10.1590/s0101-20612012005000045 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 234-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marli da Silva Santos ◽

Obdulio Gomes Miguel ◽

Carmen Lúcia Oliveira Petkowicz ◽

Lys Mary Bileski Cândido

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Solvent Polarity ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Total Phenolic Compounds

This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant potential and fatty acid profile of gabiroba (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg) seeds. In order to obtain the extract, the seeds were dried, crushed, and subjected to sequential extraction by maceration and percolation in a modified soxhlet extractor using solvent polarity gradient composed of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and alcohol, respectively. The extraction time was six hours. The ethanol extract showed the highest antioxidant potential, given by the EC50 value and the amount of total phenolic compounds. High amounts of unsaturated fatty acids were found in the oil studied, especially the oleic acid.

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Inclusion of rapeseed and pumpkin seed cakes in diets for Murciano-Granadina goats alters the fatty acid profile of milk

South African Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4314/sajas.v51i2.14 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 262-270

Author(s):

I.M. Boldea ◽

C. Dragomir ◽

M.A. Gras ◽

M. Ropotă

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Control Diet ◽

Dietary Lipids ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Pumpkin Seed ◽

Lactating Goats

The objective of this research was to assess the effects of including oil-rich feedstuffs in diets for lactating goats on the fatty acid (FA) profile of their milk. Thirty-six Murciano-Granadina goats were randomly assigned to three treatment groups, namely a control diet (CTRL), a diet based on whole rapeseed (RS), and a diet based on pumpkin seed cake (PSC). The diets were composed of 1 kg hay (70 % Italian ryegrass, 30% alfalfa) and 1.24 kg concentrate, and were formulated to be isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. Milk yield and its contents of protein, fat and lactose did not differ significantly among the groups. However, including oil-rich feeds in the diet altered the fatty acid profile of the milk significantly, decreasing its saturated fatty acid (SFA) content and increasing its content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Effects on polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and the n-6 to n-3 ratio depended on the source of dietary lipids. The PSC augmented diet increased the relative amount of PUFAs and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in milk (+25 %) significantly In comparison with CTRL, whereas the RS diet produced a limited and statistically insignificant increase (+7.5%). The concentration of CLA was higher in milk from does fed the PSC diet, whereas the n-6 to n-3 ratio was lower in milk from does fed RS. These preliminary results form the basis for developing premium dairy products that are enriched in fatty acids that are more favourable for human health.

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Fat and Carbohydrate Distribution in Maternal Diet Programs Liver SIRT1 Expression and Fatty Acid Profile in Offspring

10.21203/rs.3.rs-52486/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Seyedeh Neda Mousavi ◽

Mir Saeed Seyed Dorraji ◽

Sara Gharacheh ◽

Fariba Koohdani

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Life Span ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Maternal Diet ◽

Calorie Intake ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Gene And Protein Expression ◽

Sirt1 Gene

Abstract Background: Amount of fat and carbohydrate in maternal diet during gestation and lactation has permanent effects on fetal metabolism. SIRT1 is a nutrient-responsive histone deacetylase that modulates the lipid and glucose metabolism in response to energy stress and extends life span. Herein, we assessed the effects of carbohydrate and fat distribution in a maternal isocaloric diet on fetal gene and protein levels of SIRT1, as well as liver fatty acid profile. Twenty C57BL/6 female mice were inseminated and randomly received the AIN 93G isocaloric pair-fed LF-HC (16% and 64% of calorie as fat and carbohydrate) or HF-LC (48% and 32% of calorie as fat and carbohydrate) diet during gestation and lactation. After weaning, all offspring received LF-HC diet up to the adolescence. Liver tissue were extracted for final analysis. Results: SIRT1 gene and protein levels were lower in both sexes born from HF-LC-fed mothers than LF-HC-fed one, significant differences were only observed between males in the gene expression (p<0.001) and females in protein level (p<0.001). Saturated fatty acids and cholesterol were increased while unsaturated fatty acids decreased at the liver of male and female offspring born from HF-LC-fed mothers (p<0.001). Conclusions: Maternal dietary fat and carbohydrate distribution, regardless of calorie intake, modify the offspring hepatic fatty acid profile, as well as SIRT1 gene and protein expression which effects on life span.

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EXTH-27. MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND PRECLINICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL SMALL MOLECULE INHIBITOR SPECIFIC FOR WILD-TYPE IDH1 FOR FERROPTOSIS INDUCTION IN GLIOBLASTOMA

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noab196.666 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽

pp. vi169-vi169

Author(s):

Kevin Murnan ◽

Serena Tommasini-Ghelfi ◽

Lisa Hurley ◽

Corey Dussold ◽

Daniel Wahl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Cell Death ◽

Plasma Membrane ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

De Novo ◽

De Novo Lipogenesis ◽

Therapeutic Modality ◽

Wild Type ◽

Genetic Ablation

Abstract Increased de novo synthesis, mobilization and uptake of fatty acids are required to provide sufficient lipids for membrane biogenesis in support of rapid tumor cell division and growth. In addition to their structural roles as components of the plasma membrane, fatty acid-derived lipids regulate ferroptotic cell death, a type of programmed cell death, when oxidized by iron-dependent lipoxygenase enzymes. De novo lipogenesis and the defense against oxidative lipid damage require large amounts of cytosolic NADPH. Our group has recently found that HGG up-regulate wild-type Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (referred to hereafter as ‘wt-IDH1high HGG’) to generate large quantities of cytosolic NADPH. RNAi-mediated knockdown of wt-IDH1, alone and in combination with radiation therapy (RT), slows the growth of patient-derived HGG xenografts, while overexpression of wt-IDH1 promotes intracranial HGG growth. Isotope tracer and liquid chromatography-based lipidomic studies indicated that wt-IDH1 supports the de novo biosynthesis of mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and promotes the incorporation of monounsaturated phospholipids into the plasma membrane, while displacing polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) phospholipids. In addition, enhanced NADPH production in wt-IDH1high HGG increases glutathione (GSH) level, reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS), activates the phospholipid peroxidase glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4)-driven lipid repair pathway, and dampens the accumulation of PUFA-containing lipid peroxides, known executioners of ferroptosis. To pharmacologically target wt-IDH1,we have used and characterized wt-IDH1i-13, a first-in-class competitive α,β-unsaturated enone (AbbVie). wt-IDH1i-13 potently inhibits wt-IDH1 enzymatic activity, by covalently binding to the NADP+ binding pocket. Our data indicate that wt-IDH1i-13 promotes ferroptosis, which can be rescued by pre-treatment of cells with the peroxyl scavenger and ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin. wt-IDH1i-13 is brain-penetrant, and similar to genetic ablation, reduces progression and extends the survival of wt-IDH1high HGG bearing mice, alone and in combination with RT. These studies credential to wt-IDH1i-13 as a novel therapeutic modality for the treatment of wt-IDH1 gliomas.

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Regulation Of The Fatty Acid Composition Of Platelet Phospholipids

10.1055/s-0038-1652949 ◽

1981 ◽

Author(s):

M L McKean ◽

J B Smith ◽

M J Silver

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

De Novo ◽

Membrane Phospholipids ◽

De Novo Biosynthesis ◽

Coa Transferase

The fatty acid composition of cell membrane phospholipids does not remain constant after de novo biosynthesis, but undergoes continual remodelling. One of the major routes for remodelling probably includes the deacylation-reacylation steps of the Lands Pathway. This has been shown to be important for the incorporation of long chain, polyunsaturated fatty acids into phospholipids by liver and brain. An understanding of the mechanisms involved in these processes in platelets is especially important in light of the large stores of arachidonic acid (AA) in platelet phospholipids and the role of AA in hemostasis and thrombosis. Previous results from this laboratory have shown that the turnover of radioactive AA, 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic and 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acids in the phospholipids of resting platelets is more rapid than the turnover of radioactive C16 and C18 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. However, little is known about how fatty acids, especially AA and its homologues, are incorporated into platelet phospholipids during de novo biosynthesis or how they are exchanged during remodelling.At least three enzymes are involved in the deacylation- reacylation of phospholipids: phospholipase A2; acyl CoA synthetase; and acyl CoA transferase. We have studied acyl CoA transferase and have found considerable activity in human platelet membranes. Experiments are in progress to determine the substrate specificity and other properties of this enzyme.

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Effect of fishing season on the fatty acid profile of Baltic herring

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120002487 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Janusz Pomianowski ◽

Tomasz Żmijewski ◽

Adam Wiżk

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Clupea Harengus ◽

Acid Mixture ◽

Experimental Sample ◽

Fishing Season ◽

Baltic Herring ◽

Chloroform Methanol

AbstractMarine fish are a good source of unsaturated fatty acids, high nutritional value protein, vitamins and minerals. Baltic herring is one of the most frequently caught fish in Poland(1). It was demonstrated that the fishing season has an effect on the content of individual fatty acid fractions(2).The aim of the study was to analyse the fatty acid profile of Baltic herring flaps originating from two fishing seasons.The study material were flaps of Baltic herring (Clupea harengus) originating from two fishing seasons (April-June following spawning and October-December prior to spawning). For each fishing season, six batches of raw material were examined (n = 6). From each batch, flaps were taken from ten fish. The flaps were comminuted and thoroughly mixed to prepare an experimental sample from which adequate weights of analytical samples were taken. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the fatty acid composition was conducted following the cold muscle lipid extraction with a mixture of chloroform : methanol (2:1). Fatty acid methylation was carried out with a chloroform : methanol : sulphuric acid mixture (100:100:1). The separation of fatty acids was performed by gas chromatography. A one-factor variance analysis method with Duncan's test (P ≤ 0.05) was used to evaluate the variation of mean values.The fishing season does not significantly affect the content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Differences were found during the analysis of the individual groups of unsaturated acids. The amount of monounsaturated fatty acids in herring before spawning (25.27%) was significantly lower than that after spawning (35.91%) (P ≤ 0.05). The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids before spawning (43.99%) was significantly higher than that after spawning (33.49%) (P ≤ 0.05). Most changes in the fatty acid profile occur in the highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA). The most important change due to the health-promoting properties for humans is an increase in the amount of EPA from 6.24% to 9.84% after and before spawning, respectively. Analogous changes were demonstrated for DHA, whose amount increased from 9.64% to 24.56%. The obtained results demonstrate a more favourable fatty acid profile in herring caught before spawning.

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