Bovine or equine faeces as sources of micro-organisms instead of rumen liquor in the Tilley and Terry in vitro digestibility technique for evaluating forages in Tanzania

Akhter et al.(1994) demonstrated bovine faeces to have considerable potential as a source of microorganisms to replace rumen liquor in the in vitro digestibility method of Tilley and Terry (1963) for evaluating temperate gramminaceous forages, under UK laboratory conditions. In view of the difficulties and costs of maintaining fistulated animals in tropical, less-developed countries, the present study was undertaken in Tanzania to investigate the potential of bovine faeces as a substitute for rumen liquor in the Tilley and Terry technique for evaluating local, gramminaceous forages. Use of equine faeces was also investigated in view of the prevalence of equines in some tropical countries. It was also hypothesised that equines, being hind-gut fermentors, would yield faeces containing more micro-organisms than faeces from bovines, with a consequent improvement in digestibility.

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Repeatability of in vitro digestibility assays of forages when using fresh, frozen or freeze-dried cow faeces instead of sheep rumen liquor as sources of micro-organisms

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0308229600028774 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 1995 ◽

pp. 110-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S Akhter ◽

E Owen ◽

M K Theodorou ◽

S L Tembo ◽

E R Deaville

Keyword(s):

Freeze Drying ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Two Stage ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Fresh Frozen ◽

Sheep Rumen ◽

Micro Organisms

Previous studies (El Shaer, Omed and Axford, 1987; Akhter, Owen, Fall, O'Donovan and Theodorou, 1994) with the two-stage in vitro procedure of Tilley and Terry (1963) have shown a high correlation between digestibilities of forages as determined using either sheep rumen liquor, sheep faeces or cow faeces as the microbial inoculum. In the first study of the of the present investigation one objective was to examine the repeatability of these digestibility measurements when made on different occasions. A second objective was to assess whether the correlations between faecal and rumen fluid based inocula could be improved if microorganisms were obtained from pairs rather than individual animals. The objective in the second study using forages of known in vivo digestibility, was to investigate the effect of freezing or freeze-drying of faeces on the repeatability of digestibilities of forages determined in vitro using micro-organisms from cow faeces.

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Bovine faeces as a source of micro-organisms for the in vitro digestibility assay of forages

Grass and Forage Science ◽

10.1046/j.1365-2494.1999.00174.x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 219-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Akhter ◽

Owen ◽

Theodorou ◽

Butler ◽

Minson

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Micro Organisms

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Use of a semicontinuous culture system (RUSITEC) to study the metabolism of ethanol in the rumen and its effects on ruminal digestion

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas91-013 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 115-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Andrée Durix ◽

C. Jean-Blain ◽

H. P. Sallmann ◽

J. P. Jouany

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Microbial Transformation ◽

Ethanol Metabolism ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Semicontinuous Culture ◽

Ethanol Addition ◽

Micro Organisms ◽

Ruminal Digestion ◽

Qualitative Changes

The metabolism of ethanol by rumen micro-organisms and its effects on rumen fermentations have been studied in vitro in a semicontinuous fermentor (RUSITEC). Ethanol introduced in the fermentor at 1, 4 or 8 g d−1 L−1 of rumen juice induced important qualitative and quantitative modifications in the fermentation outputs. Total VFA production was increased from 5 to 40% according to the diet and ethanol concentration. Relative proportions of VFA were modified: caproate concentration increased three times, propionate and isovalerate concentrations decreased significantly in most cases. Methane production was increased. Whatever the ethanol concentration and the type of diet, in vitro digestibility parameters and end-products from solid feedstuffs stayed practically unchanged by ethanol addition. Except with the lowest supply (1 g d−1 L−1), ethanol induced an uncoupling effect on the metabolism of rumen bacteria and decreased biomass production. Radioactivity of 2-14C ethanol was recovered mainly in acetate (77–80%). Microbial transformation of ethanol in RUSITEC was limited regardless of ethanol concentration. Ethanol had a negligible effect on the digestibility of solid feedstuffs but induced consistent qualitative changes in rumen fermentations. Key word: Ethanol, metabolism, rumen, semicontinuous culture

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Use of the gas production technique to investigate responses of supplementing low quality forages. 2. In vivo interactions and comparison with in vitro parameters

BSAP Occasional Publication ◽

10.1017/s0263967x00032821 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 266-268

Author(s):

A. H. Murray ◽

A. Moss ◽

C. D. Wood ◽

D. I. Givens ◽

M. Gill

Keyword(s):

Major Part ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Gas Production ◽

Short Supply ◽

Fibre Degradation ◽

Maintenance Requirements ◽

Micro Organisms

Ruminants in many less developed countries may consume poor quality roughages such as straws, stovers and senescent native pasture as a major part of their diet, particularly during the dry season when high-quality forages are in short supply. The majority of these roughages are high in fibre, low in protein and the intake of digestible nutrients often is not enough to meet maintenance requirements. Intake and digestibility of poor-quality roughages may be increased by supplementation. The response to supplementation can be attributed to an increase in the supply of nitrogen and/or readily fermentable carbohydrate, resulting in an increase in rumen cellulolytic micro-organisms and therefore enhanced fibre degradation.

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Use of a long-term rumen simulation technique (Rusitec) to provide micro-organisms for in vitro digestibility assays

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600077716 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 116 (2) ◽

pp. 297-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

E. Owen ◽

M. C. N. Jayasuriya ◽

R. Hamilton ◽

M. Lalenta

Keyword(s):

Artificial Saliva ◽

Simulation Technique ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Two Stage ◽

Liquid Effluent ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Micro Organisms ◽

Good Agreement

SUMMARYFour experiments involving the two-stage in vitro digestibility technique of Tilley & Terry (1963) were undertaken to investigate whether cow rumen liquor could be replaced with effluent or extract from feed residue containing micro-organisms derived from the long-term rumen simulation technique (Rusitec) of Czerkawski & Breckenridge (1977).In Expts 1 and 2, the dry matter digestibility (DMD) of hay was determined using either cow rumen liquor or Rusitec liquid effluent or extract from feed after 48 h of digestion in a Rusitec apparatus using various volumes of liquor and artificial saliva. Digestibilities determined with rumen liquor were c. 70% (c.v. 1·2%) while those determined with Rusitec effluent or extract were c. 62% (c.v. 1·8%). In treatments common to Expts 1 and 2, Rusitec effluent digestibilities were more repeatable than extract or rumen liquor digestibilities.In Expts 3 and 4, Rusitec effluent was compared with cow rumen liquor for determining DMD of seven forages with DMD ranging from 33 to 70%. For a given feed there was good agreement between experiments in DMD values determined with Rusitec effluent, and for ten paired values there was a high correlation (r2 = 0·976) between DMD determined by the two methods. DMD determined using rumen liquor (y) was accurately predicted by Rusitec liquid effluent digestibility (x) from the equation y = 2·663 + 1·06477.x; R.S.D. 2·433.The results show that Rusitec liquid effluent can be used instead of rumen liquor as a source of micro-organisms for the two-stage in vitro digestibility method. Routine use of Rusitec would obviate the need for using fistulated animals.

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'Restrictive Business Practices', report by the UNCTAD Secretariat, April 1972.

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v12i3pp.315-316 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 315-316

Author(s):

G. M. Radhu

Keyword(s):

Multinational Corporations ◽

World Trade ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Business Practices ◽

Less Developed Countries ◽

International Firms ◽

The World ◽

The Sixties ◽

Financial Power ◽

Administrative Structures

The report by the UNCTAD Secretariat, submitted to the third session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development held in Santiago (Chile) in April 1972, deals with the restrictive business practices of the multinational corporations with special reference to the export interests of the developing countries. Since the world war, there has been a tremendous growth in the size and activities of many international firms. They have grown from the national corporation to the multidivisional corporation and now to the multinational corporation. With each step they acquired greater financial power, better technology and know-how and more complex administrative structures. They have subsidiaries and branches all over the world. In the course of the sixties they became one of the dominant factors in determining the pattern of world trade. At the same time, their increasingly restrictive business practices, which tended to adversely affect world trade and the export interest of less developed countries, attracted the attention of the governments both in developed and less developed countries and serious concern was shown at the international level. It is against this background that the UNCTAD undertook the study on the question of restrictive business practices.

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High-Pressure Homogenization Alters Physicochemical Properties and In Vitro Digestibility of Chinese Yam (Dioscorea Opposita Thunb.) Starch

Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research ◽

10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.18:10-15 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 10-15

Author(s):

Wang Yi-Wei ◽

He Yong-Zhao ◽

An Feng-Ping ◽

Huang Qun ◽

Zeng Feng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Starch Content ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

High Pressure Homogenization ◽

Starch Granules ◽

Cross Polarization ◽

Chinese Yam ◽

Crystal Type

In this study, Chinese yam starch-water suspension (8%) were subjected to high-pressure homogenization (HPH) at 100 MPa for increasing cycle numbers, and its effect of on the physicochemical properties of the starch was investigated. Results of the polarizing microscope observations showed that the starch granules were disrupted (i.e. greater breakdown value) after HPH treatment, followed by a decrease in cross polarization. After three HPH cycles, the crystallinity of starch decreased, while the crystal type remained unaltered. Meanwhile, the contents of rapidly digestible starch and slowly digestible starch were increased. On the contrary, resistant starch content was decreased. Our results indicate that HPH treatment resulted in reduction of starch crystallinity and increase of starch digestibility.

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