In Vitro Digestibility of Dry Matter and Cell Wall Constituents of Smooth Bromegrass Forage 1

Crop Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 931-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Casler
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE CELL WALL CONSTITUENT LEVELS OF TANNIN-FREE AND TANNIN-CONTAINING CULTIVARS OF FABABEANS (VICIA FABA L.)

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. MARQUARDT ◽  
J. A. McKIRDY ◽  
A. T. WARD
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Similar Basis

A series of experiments has been carried out with tannin-free and tannin-containing cultivars of fababeans. The in vitro dry matter digestibility of the cotyledon portion of the two groups of fababeans was the same (88.2%) whereas the in vitro digestibility of the testa portion of the tannin-free cultivars was much higher (27.6%) than that of the tannin-containing cultivars (9.2%). The concentrations of certain cell wall constituents in the testae of tannin-free and tannin-containing cultivars were also different (P < 0.01); the respective average values for the two groups were: condensed tannins, 0.2 and 4.9%; lignin, 4.2 and 6.2%; acid detergent fiber, 72 and 66%; and cellulose, 67 and 60%. There was a negative correlation between the in vitro dry matter digestibility and the amount per unit weight of whole beans of either condensed tannin (r = −0.86, P < 0.01) or lignin (r = −0.89, P < 0.01). When expressed on a similar basis there was no correlation between levels of cellulose or acid detergent fiber and in vitro dry matter digestibility.

scholarly journals Production of alfalfa hay under different drying methods

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1676-1683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Abbado Neres ◽  
Deise Dalazen Castagnara ◽  
Eduardo Eustáquio Mesquita ◽  
Maximilliane Alavarze Zambom ◽  
Leiliane Cristine de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Number Of Leaves

This trial aimed at determining the dehydration curve at nine times (0, 3, 6, 9, 24, 27, 30, 33 and 46 hours after cuting of the plants); the leaf/stem ratio and number of leaves per stem in alfalfa submitted to four managements during the drying process. It was also evaluated the bromatologic composition and in vitro digestibility of the dry matter and cell wall of alfalfa hay before storage. The drying methods applied for alfalfa were the following: drying in the field until 50% DM and drying conclusion in an airy shed; drying in the field without turning; drying with only one turning and drying with two turnings. The experimental design was completely randomized with four drying methods and five replications. Leaf dehydration was faster when compared to the stems in all drying methods. Drying in the shed promoted the lesser re-hydration of the plants at night due to dew. It was also verified that alfalfa hays that remained under the sun and were turned showed the worst quality with reduction in crude protein contents and increase in NDF, ADF, NDIN and ADIN. However, in vitro dry matter digestibility and cell wall digestibility did not suffer any alteration because of the different dehydration methods (69.79 and 41.39%, respectively). There is a market fall of leaves and a reduction on the number of leaves per stem with the turnings.

CAUSAL EFFECTS AMONG FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY MEASURES OI SMOOTH BROMEGRASS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. CASLER
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

Future improvement of forage quality in smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and other species will require a knowledge of the chemical and structural factors most limiting to digestibility and intake of dry matter by ruminants. The objective of this study was to estimate direct and indirect effects from path analysis of several forage constituents on in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and forage yield of smooth bromegrass. Six hundred and fifteen spaced plants of B8HD smooth bromegrass were harvested at Arlington, Wis. in June 1982 to assess dry matter yield and forage constituents. Near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy was used to estimate IVDMD, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose, acid detergent hemicellulose, acid detergent lignin, and ash based on a random calibration subset of 75 plants. Five independent variables comprised the path analysis model: crude protein, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash. None of the variables directly or indirectly affected forage yield. Lignin and cellulose concentrations had the overwhelmingly largest direct effects on IVDMD, while hemicellulose was important only when expressed as a percentage of the cell wall. Crude protein was important, but only to a small extent, while ash had no effect on IVDMD. The largest indirect effects on IVDMD were generally indirect effects of each character through correlated changes in lignin and indirect effects of lignin through correlated changes in other characters. The large effects of lignin support previous work establishing lignin as the primary factor limiting IVDMD. The importance of cellulose compared to hemicellulose, a result contrary to many current theories on the role of cell walls in rumen digestion, emphasizes at least three factors contributing to differences between this study and previous studies: (1) species differences, (2) genetic vs. species and maturity effects, and (3) analytical procedures. Current evidence suggests a cell wall ideotype should have reduced cellulose and lignin with either reduced or unchanged hemicellulose concentration.Key words: Bromus inermis Leyss., cellulose, hemicellulose, in vitro dry matter digestibility, lignin, forage yield

Divergent Selection for In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility in Smooth Bromegrass 1

Crop Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1123-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Ehlke ◽  
M. D. Casler ◽  
P. N. Drolsom ◽  
J. S. Shenk
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Divergent Selection ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals 127 Porcine in vitro digestibility of whole stillage predigested with multi-enzyme during different time periods

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 49-50
Author(s):  
Kevin S Jerez Bogota ◽  
Tofuko A Woyengo
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Whole Stillage ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract A study was conducted to determine the effects of the period of predigesting whole stillage (WS; slurry material that is dried into DDGS) with multi-enzyme and composition of the multi-enzyme on porcine in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM) of the WS. Four samples of whole stillage from 4 different sources were freeze-dried and divided into 13 subsamples to give 52 sub-samples. Thirteen treatments were applied to the 48 sub-samples within source. The treatments were undigested WS (control); or pre-digested with 1 of 3 multi-enzymes (MTE1, MTE2, and MTE3) at 55 °C for 6, 12, 18 or 24 h in 3 × 4 factorial arrangement. The MTE1 contained xylanase, β-glucanase, cellulase, mannanase, protease, and amylase; MTE2 contained xylanase, α-galactosidase, and cellulase; and MTE3 contained xylanase, cellulase, β-glucanase, and mannanase. The 52 subsamples were subjected to porcine in vitro digestion. The IVDDM of untreated WS was 73.3%. The IVDDM increased (P&lt; 0.05) with an increase in the predigestion period. However, a rise in the predigestion period from 0 to 12 h resulted in greater (P&lt; 0.05) response in mean IVDDM than an increment in the predigestion period from 12 to 24 h (11 vs. 0.83 percentage points). Predigestion period and multi-enzyme type interacted on IVDDM such that the improvement in IVDDM between 0 and 12 hours of predigestion differed (P&lt; 0.05) among the 3 multi-enzyme types (13.3, 11.1, and 8.5 percentage points for MTE3, MTE2, and MTE1, respectively). The LS means by multi-enzyme treatment were modeled and resulted in unparallel curves (P&lt; 0.05). The estimated maximum response of IVDDM for MTE1, MTE2 and MTE 3 were 82.4%, 84.7% and 87.1% at 15.8, 13 and 13.1 hours, respectively. In conclusion, the optimal time of predigestion of WS with multi-enzymes (with regard to improvement in its IVDDM) was approximately 14 h.

scholarly journals 49 Effects of in-vitro digestibility in cannulated steers when supplemented different levels of glycerol

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 55-56
Author(s):  
Noheli Gutierrez ◽  
Jamie A Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate effects of increasing concentration of food grade glycerol on rumen environment and nutrient digestibility. Three ruminally cannulated Jersey steers were used in this study. The study was conducted from March to May 2019. Experimental design was a 3x3 Latin square with a 2wk adjustment period followed by a 1wk collection period. Diet was coastal bermudagrass hay based. Different forage types were introduced in the incubation process to evaluate digestibility. Glycerol was administered once a day at 0, 15, or 20% of DMI (dry matter intake). dNDF (digestible NDF) and dDM (digestible dry matter) was determined using an ANKOM Daisy II incubator inoculated with 200g fresh rumen fluid and incubated for 12, 24, 48 and 72 h at 39°C. Each vessel contained ground forage samples in filter bags in triplicate. After incubation, filter bags were rinsed with cold water and dried for 24h in a 55°C forced air oven. Data were analyzed using the Proc MIXED procedure of SAS version 9.4. There was no difference dNDF in effect of different levels of glycerol between forage types by diet. But a numerical tendency was observed that dNDF was decreased at 20% inclusion rates in comparison to 0 and 15% inclusion of glycerol in the diet. Neither steer nor run was significantly different in the study. However as expected digestibility over time was significantly different (P &lt; 0.001). A significant increase was observed in DMI with the increased levels of glycerol in the diet (P = 0.003), both the 15% and 20% levels of glycerol increased in DMI in comparison to the control (0%). It appears based on these study results that digestibility may be inhibited, as levels of dietary glycerol increase in the diet and more work needs to be done to find the optimal level of glycerol supplementation.

EFFECT OF STRUCTURAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS OF FORAGES ON POTENTIALLY DIGESTIBLE FIBER, INTAKE, AND TRUE DIGESTIBILITY BY RUMINANTS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. GIRARD ◽  
G. DUPUIS
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
True Digestibility

In view of the large variation found in plant cell wall digestibilities with ruminants, an attempt was made to group 124 feeds into different lignification classes (clusters) on the basis of chemical characteristics. Each feed cluster was described using a structural coefficient [Formula: see text] that related the potentially digestible fiber (PDF, %) to the ratio between lignin and cell wall volume. The optimum number of clusters was determined iteratively by performing a regression of the apparent digestibility of dry matter at maintenance level (DDM1, %) against the PDF and cell soluble (SOL, %) contents of feeds. The [Formula: see text] coefficients varied from 0.05 (grains, N = 13) to 1.85 (corn silage, N = 3) and increased with the maturity of the grasses from 0.88 (legumes, vegetative cool season grasses, N = 26) to 1.33 (mature, cool season grasses, N = 19). Predicted PDF were closely correlated (r > 0.9, P < 0.01) to in vitro cell wall disappearances (IVCWD). Apparently digestible cell wall in four grasses and four legumes increased linearly with 96-h IVCWD and standard error (SE) was similar to the SE of predicted apparent digestible SOL from SOL concentrations. Assuming that similarity between SE could be also observed in larger samples, PDF and SOL were used in summative equations to predict apparent dry matter digestibility. DDM1 discounted for intake (DDM1 – 4, %) was regressed against SOL and PDF concentrations of 87 feeds:[Formula: see text]with ds and df, the true digestibilities of SOL and PDF. Estimates of ds and df were 0.98 and 0.95 for a zero-production (maintenance) level of intake, and 0.91 and 0.79 for an intake level four times maintenance. Since the true digestibility of the PDF component was only 4% – 13% lower than that of the cell soluble component, the concentration of PDF in cell wall was the major determinant in the variation in apparent digestibility of forages. Key words: lignin, neutral detergent fiber, true digestibility, cluster analysis, feeds

The assessment of herbage legume varieties. II. In vitro digestibility, water soluble carbohydrate, crude protein and mineral content of primary growth of clover and lucerne

1966 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ellis Davies ◽  
G. ap Griffith ◽  
A. Ellington
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Primary Growth

The primary growth of eight varieties of three species–white clover (3), red clover (4) and lucerne (1)–was sampled at fortnightly intervals and the percentage dry matter, in vitro digestibility, crude protein, water soluble carbohydrates, P, Ca, K, Na and Mg were determined.Differences between species were nearly always significant and the general order of merit was white clover, red clover and lucerne. The exceptions were for dry-matter percentage where this order was reversed, and red clover had the lowest Na and highest Mg content.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF NEAR INFRARED CALIBRATIONS FOR ESTIMATING IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY IN WHOLE-PLANT CORN HYBRIDS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. VALDES ◽  
R. B. HUNTER ◽  
G. E. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Whole Plant

A comparison of two near infrared (NIRA) calibrations (C1 and C2) for the prediction of in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDM) in whole-plant corn (WPC) was conducted. C1 consisted of 40 WPC samples collected from four locations across Ontario (Brucefield, London, Guelph and Elora). C2 consisted of 90 samples and included the above locations plus Pakenham and Winchester. Nine wavelengths were used in both equations but only three were common in C1 and C2 equations. These wavelengths were 2139 nm, 2100 nm, and 1445 nm, respectively. The predictions of IVDM utilizing both C1 and C2 were good. Coefficients of determination (r2) and standard error of the estimate (SEE) for calibration and prediction sets were 0.91, 1.7; 0.85, 1.7 for C1 and 0.88, 1.6; 0.77, 1.6 for C2 respectively. Regression analysis within location, however, showed low r2 values for the prediction of IVDM for Pakenham and Winchester in both calibrations. The more mature stage of harvest at these locations might be the cause of the poorer predictions. Key words: In vitro digestibility, whole-plant corn, near infrared reflectance

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document