Relationship between ultrasonic fat depth assessments of commercial breeding sows at the p2 and hip bone positions and herd performance

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 ◽  
pp. 62-62
Author(s):  
P.H. Simmins
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
The Body ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Commercial Breeding ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Practical Measurement

The reproductive performance of the sow may be associated with the amount of fat stored in the body and the rate at which fat may be depleted. As body fat represents the easily mobilisable reserves of energy, an accurate and practical measurement of fat content is crucial. King et al (1986) have shown that linear baekfat measurements are the best single predictors of body fat compared to any other indirect indices of body composition. However practical experience has also suggested that fat measurements over the tuber coxae of the ileum (hip bone) will also provide an assessment of the fat status of a sow although its relationship to back fat depth is uncertain. Furthermore ultrasound techniques have not been tested in commercial conditions and the effectiveness of normal commercial practice in maintaining body fat reserves has not been previously examined.The object of the investigation was to assess whether the fat status of the sow as determined by ultrasonic fat measurements at the P2 position (6.5 mm from the midline of the backbone at the last rib) and hip bone would give an objective assessment of the condition and performance of the sow. The effectiveness of normal commercial practice in maintaining herd condition was also assessed.

Nutritional modification of body composition in genetically lean breeding sows and the consequences for reproductive performance

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 64-64
Author(s):  
S. O'Dowd ◽  
S. Hoste ◽  
J.T. Mercer ◽  
V.R. Fowler ◽  
S.A. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Large White ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Diet Treatment ◽  
And Performance

Selection for the reduction of carcase fat and the promotion of lean tissue growth has resulted in the production of faster growing, genetically lean breeding females. These animals often have very limited body fat reserves to utilise at times of high nutrient demand, such as during lactation. It is possible that reproductive performance and longevity may be improved as a consequence of alteration of the body composition of the breeding female by nutritional means.The experiment was designed to investigate the consequences for genetically lean animals of restricting lean tissue growth and promoting fat deposition in the period prior to a maiden service and in gestation using a low protein diet, and minimising fat loss in lactation using a nutrient dense diet (Treatment E) in comparison with feeding a conventional single diet (Treatment C). Two hundred and forty purebred Large White and Landrace gilts were allocated to one of these two nutritional regimes at 6 months of age on the basis of breed, liveweight and backfat. Animals remained on treatment for three parities and growth and performance parameters were monitored.

Seasonal Changes of Fat Content in the Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) of Two Laurentian Lakes

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 2214-2221 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Newsome ◽  
Gérard Leduc
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Differential Mortality ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Fat Level ◽  
Males And Females

Different body fat reserves in male and female yellow perch (Perca flavescens) may determine a marked differential mortality during the winter. This was revealed by a study in two Laurentian lakes of the Province of Quebec harboring stunted yellow perch with a marked predominance of males. The proportion of females in each year-class is markedly smaller, thus suggesting a higher mortality among immature and mature females than among males.In an attempt to explain the differential mortality, the seasonal variation of body fat content in males and females was measured; also the fat level at time of death caused by starvation under laboratory conditions was determined. The results showed that in the females the body fat content falls to a critical level of about 2% at least 4 mo before spawning, whereas the males maintain a fat level of almost 5% throughout winter.

scholarly journals Development of the body condition score system in Murrah buffaloes: validation through ultrasonic assessment of body fat reserves

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anitha Alapati ◽  
Sarjan Rao Kapa ◽  
Suresh Jeepalyam ◽  
Srinivasa Moorthy Patrapalle Rangappa ◽  
Kotilinga Reddy Yemireddy
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
Score System ◽  
Murrah Buffaloes ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Ultrasonic Assessment

scholarly journals Effect of Body Condition Score at Calving on Postpartum Performance of Murrah Buffaloes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anitha Alapati ◽  
Sarjan Rao Kapa ◽  
Suresh Jeepalyam
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
Murrah Buffaloes ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Postpartum Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Body condition score (BCS) system is a subjective method to assess the body fat reserves particularly over the bony prominences like back and pelvic region. It is based on evaluation of the outer appearance of the animal that interacts with its body fat reserves and therefore is directly influenced by energy balance. Studies on the relationship between BCS and postpartum performance were meager in buffaloes. Hence, the present work was carried out to study the relationship between BCS at calving and postpartum performance in Murrah buffaloes. Methods: The effect of body condition score at calving (BCSc) on the postpartum performance was studied in 24 Murrah buffaloes grouped based on BCS, maintained at Buffalo Research Station during 2018-19. Result: The study showed that buffaloes of BCSc above 3.5 with significantly (P less than 0.01) higher body weights showed better reproductive performance compared to buffaloes of BCSc groups below 3.5 with less body weights. The prepartum and weekly postpartum changes in BCS studied showed that the buffaloes gained a BCS of 0.57 from 3 months prepartum to one week prepartum, lost 0.17 BCS due to calving, further showed a decline in BCS up to 9 weeks of postpartum and then started regaining BCS gradually until 18 weeks postpartum. The mean LBCS over the period of 18 weeks postpartum was comparatively higher (0.75±0.05) than BCS restored in the early lactation which was shown as GBCS (0.34±0.02). Buffaloes of BCSc group 3.5-3.99 showed the best reproduction performance among the four BCSc groups with less postpartum estrus period (46.66 days), service period (58.83 days), number of service per conception (1.50) and high rate of 1st service conception (66.66%).

scholarly journals Karakteristik dan Kinerja Induk Sapi Silangan Limousin-Madura dan Madura di Kabupaten Sumenep dan Pamekasan (Characteristic and Performance of Limousin-Madura Grade and Madura Cows in Sumenep and Pamekasan Regencies)

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tety Hartatik ◽  
Dhany Azharinto Mahardika ◽  
Tri Satya Mastuti Widi ◽  
Endang Baliarti
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Dominant Color ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Better Than

<p>The research was conducted to investigate the characteristic and performance of Limura grade and Madura cows. The research was conducted in Sumenep and Pamekasan Regencies East Java Province within the period of May until August 2008. The method being used was an interview method on the farmer as respondents, continued by observing the exterior characteristics and the cattle measurements. The data of exterior characteristic were analyzed by<br />descriptive patterns. The data of vital measurements of the body were analyzed by independent sample t-test. The result showed that the general characteristics Limura crossbred cows had a dominant color of a reddish brown, with the<br />buttock color was a reddish brown. The general characteristics Madura cows had a dominant color of a light red, with the buttock color was a white smear. The vital characteristics of Limura crossbred cows was higher than Madura cows,<br />at the 2 to 4 years old group cows the result showed that girth of chest, height at hip of Limura crossbred cows were 172.63±2.33 cm; 125.07±1.40 cm. while those of Madura cows were 140.81±3.01 cm; 114.77±1.29 cm. At older than 4<br />years old group cows the result showed that heart girth, height at hip of Limura crossbred cows were 172.85±4.12 cm; 126.15±1.84 cm. while those of Madura cows were 157.57±2.55 cm; 118.54±1.53 cm. The performance of Limura<br />crossbred cows and Madura cows related to calving interval were 15.90±0.47 vs 14.39±0.23 months. The result showed that the general characteristics Limura crossbred cows and Madura cows had a different color at the dominant color of<br />body and the buttock color, and Limura crossbred cows had a vital characteristics size higher than Madura cows, but the Madura’s reproductive performance showed better than Limura crossbred cows.</p><p>(Key words: Characteristics, Performance, Limura crossbred cows, Madura cows)<br /><br /></p>

scholarly journals Accumulation of dietary fish fatty acids in the body fat reserves of some carnivorous fur-bearing animals

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-489
Author(s):  
Kirsti Rouvinen ◽  
Jaakko Mäkelä ◽  
Tuomo Kiiskinen ◽  
Seppo Nummela
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Dietary Fish ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

Body fat composition of the mink (Mustela vison), polecat (Mustela putorius), and the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) was studied. The animals were fed a wet diet, supplemented with 5 % lard (LA) or fish oil (FO) for 5-6 months. At pelting, five animals per dietary group were sampled. Dietary levels of cetoleic (C22:1ω11), eicosapentaenoic (EPA, C20:5ω3), and docosahexaenoic (DHA, C22:6ω3) acids were 0.4, 0.3, and 0.5% in the fat of the LA diet, and 7.6, 4.2 and 4.3% in the FO diet, respectively. In the FO diet, EPA and DHA accumulated especially in the liver and heart, while cetoleic acid showed the highest affinity to the heart muscle and subcutaneous fat. The highest levels of EPA were found in raccoon dogs and polecats fed the FO diet. The mean EPA levels ranged from 6.7-9.3% in the liver fat and 7.2-8.0% in the heart muscle fat. In the mink, the corresponding values were 2.7% and 3.9%, respectively. DHA levels were the highest in the liver fat of the polecats, being 18.5% in the FO diet. In addition, the liver in raccoon dogs fed the FO diet (13.8%) differed significantly from themink (9.4%). The differences in the accumulation of these long-chained marine fatty acids were apparently caused by species differences in the efficiency of their peroxisomal β-oxidation.

Partitioning of dietary protein in the meishan synthetic and european white breeds of pig during lactation

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 177-177
Author(s):  
A G Sinclair ◽  
S A Edwards ◽  
S Hoste ◽  
A McCartney ◽  
V R Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Energy Ratio ◽  
Composition Change ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Body Composition Change ◽  
And Performance

Litter size of commercial European sow lines, can be increased by the introduction of genes from the highly prolific, but obese Meishan. At present there is little information on the feed requirements of the “Meishan” during lactation. It is likely that these requirements are different to those of commercial lean white sows, due to differences in fat reserves. In European lean genotypes “thin” sows at parturition have lost significantly less backfat during lactation than sows which are fat at parturition (Yang et al, 1989). There may also be different relationships between nutrition, body composition change and performance in different breeds. It was predicted that the M might need a higher protein to energy ratio, to complement catabolism of their higher levels of body fat reserves.

Assessment of dairy sheep internal fat depots by real time ultrasound and image analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 141-141
Author(s):  
S. R. Silva ◽  
A. Lourenço ◽  
V. Santos ◽  
E. Mena ◽  
C. M. Guedes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Sheep Production

In sheep production the ability of the animal to retain and mobilize body fat reserves is of considerable importance in determining the sheep productivity or even its survival. The most common way to predict body fat reserves is the body condition score. On the other hand, it is accepted that breeds have a different fat distribution within the body (Taylor et al., 1989). In general, ewes breed for milk production tend to deposit more fat in internal depots and those breed for meat production deposit more fat in the carcass depot (Frutos et al., 1997). This kind of fat distribution can explain the use of an objective and more precise way to predict the internal fat in ewes of the Churra breed, in which the internal fat depots plays an important role. Thus, it is reasonable hypothesize that the internal fat depots are related with muscle and subcutaneous fat measurements. As a result, the study herein reported was undertaken to achieve the relationship between real time ultrasound measurements obtain over thoracic, lumbar and sternum regions to predict the internal fat depots of Churra da Terra Quente (CTQ) milk breed.

scholarly journals The effect of the body condition of late pregnant sows on fat reserves at farrowing and weaning and on litter performance

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Beyga ◽  
A. Rekiel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the body condition of late pregnant sows on fat reserves at farrowing and weaning, including the scale of the relevant changes in that period, and on the reproductive performance of sows and the results of piglet rearing. The experiment involved 97 hybrid sows (Polish Large White × Polish Landrace [PLW×PL]) divided into two groups, according to backfat thickness: I – (P2+P4)/2>20 mm (10 primiparous, 36 multiparous) and II – (P2+P4)/2≤20 mm (19 primiparous, 32 multiparous). It was carried out between pregnancy day 104 and weaning after 21 days of lactation. During late pregnancy, at weaning and at the end of lactation, the body weight of sows, fatness (points P1, P2, P3, P4) and longissimus muscle depth at point P4M were determined. Feed consumption during lactation, reproductive performance traits and the results of piglet rearing were also analyzed. Higher backfat thickness percentages and body weight noted in group I sows vs. group II sows (P≤0.001) during late pregnancy were maintained at farrowing and weaning. At weaning, the values of longissimus muscle depth were significantly (P≤0.001) higher in group II than in group I. The level of changes in fat reserves differed between late pregnancy and farrowing for P4 (P≤0.01) and (P2+P4)/2 (P≤0.001); fat reserve loss was noted in group I, while an increase in adipose tissue was observed in group II. Body weight losses (%) during late pregnancy and at weaning were non-significant in sows of both groups. Based on feed consumption levels, group I sows were characterized by a lower appetite during lactation than group II sows. A regular trend in feed intake was noted in lactating sows of both groups: feed consumption increased in week 2, compared with week 1, while a decrease was noted in week 3 in comparison with week 2. Significant differences were reported in favour of group I vs. II (P≤0.05) as regards the piglets stillborn, litter weight at weaning, the average piglet weight at weaning and placental weight. Multiparous sows as compared to primiparous sows were characterized by significantly (P≤0.05) larger total number of piglets born and the number of piglets born alive. The difference in the litter weight at birth was found to be highly significant (P≤0.01).

Relationship Between Body Fat Reserves and Body Condition Score in Sheep at Different Physiological Stages

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 103-103
Author(s):  
C. Castrillo ◽  
M. Baucells ◽  
J.A. Guada ◽  
A. Purroy ◽  
I. Sebastian
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Physiological Stage ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Highly Correlated

Body condition score has been shown to be highly correlated to the degree of body fatness in slaughtering experiments involving a pre-established range of body condition score in sheep at the same physiological stage,but there is a lack of evidence in animals at different physiological conditions. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the usefulness of subjectively assessed body condition score to predict the proportion of chemical fat in the body of Romanov x Rasa ewes at different stages of their reproductive cycle. An adaptation of Russel et al.(1969) condition scoring system was used in wich animals were scored on a 0 to 5 scale to the nearest 0.25 condition unit.

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