scholarly journals Gabapentin

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (S2) ◽  
pp. S10-S12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bruni
Keyword(s):  
Antiepileptic Drug ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Adjunctive Therapy ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Seizure Models ◽  
Clonic Seizures

ABSTRACT:Gabapentin is a novel antiepileptic drug that has recently been introduced in Canada. Although its mechanism of action remains to be defined gabapentin is effective in a number of seizure models which predict its efficacy in partial and tonic-clonic seizures. Clinical studies support the clinical efficacy of gabapentin as adjunctive therapy in adults with epilepsy with partial and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Gabapentin has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile and is generally well tolerated. More clinical data are required on the role of gabapentin in children and additional monotherapy experience is required before the role of gabapentin in the overall treatment of epilepsy can be better defined.

scholarly journals Role of IL-23 neutralization in psoriasis – insights from a mechanistic PK/PD model and meta-analysis of clinical data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgi I. Kapitanov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Therapeutic Molecules ◽  
Dosing Regimens

AbstractBlocking of IL-23 has shown a profound effect on patient outcomes in psoriasis. The current IL-23 binding monoclonal antibodies show differences in dosing regimens, pharmacokinetics, affinity for the target, and efficacy outcomes in the clinic. The goal of the current work is to use a mechanistic pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics mathematical model to estimate projected free IL-23 neutralization for the different therapeutic molecules and connect it to clinical efficacy outcomes. The meta-analysis indicates a sigmoid-like relationship and suggests that the best current anti-IL23 antibodies are close to saturating the efficacy that can be achieved by this pathway in psoriasis.

scholarly journals Is Deqi an Indicator of Clinical Efficacy of Acupuncture? A Systematic Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Zhang ◽  
Wei Mu ◽  
Lu Xiao ◽  
Wen-Ke Zheng ◽  
Chun-Xiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Current Evidence Base

Objective. Despite the systematic literature review of the current evidence, we aim to answer the question “ is Deqi an indicator of clinical effects in acupuncture treatment?”Methods. We systematically searched CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Data, PubMed, Embase, and the CENTRAL for three types of study: (1) empirical research probing into the role of Deqi in acupuncture; (2) mechanism studies examining the effect of Deqi on physiological parameters in animal models and human subjects; (3) clinical studies that compared the outcome of acupuncture with Deqi with that of acupuncture without Deqi. Two reviewers independently extracted data, undertook qualitative or quantitative analysis, and summarized findings.Results. The ancient Chinese acupuncturists valued the role of Deqi as a diagnostic tool, a prognosis predictor, and a necessary part of the therapeutic procedure. Findings from modern experimental research provided preliminary evidence for the physiological mechanism that produced Deqi. Few clinical studies generated conflicting evidence of the comparative effectiveness of acupuncture with Deqi versus acupuncture without Deqi for a variety of conditions.Conclusion. The current evidence base is not solid enough to draw any conclusion regarding the predicative value of natural Deqi for clinical efficacy or the therapeutic value of manipulation-facilitated Deqi.

scholarly journals Perampanel in the additional therapy of focal and primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in children 4–12 years old: clinical data, experience of use and practical recommendations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-187
Author(s):  
K. Yu. Mukhin ◽  
E. D. Belousova ◽  
S. G. Burd ◽  
M. V. Barkhatov ◽  
N. A. Ermolenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Everyday Clinical Practice ◽  
Focal Seizures ◽  
Epilepsy Treatment ◽  
Clonic Seizures ◽  
Additional Therapy ◽  
Practical Recommendations

On March 18, 2021, an online council of experts in the field of epilepsy treatment was held, dedicated to the use of perampanel in the additional therapy of focal seizures (FS) and primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures (PGTCS) in children 4–12 years old. During the event, the features of the use of perampanel in this group of patients were discussed, considering the specifics of everyday clinical practice, current possibilities of PGTCS and FS therapy in children, its goals, as well as unsolved problems in the treatment of pediatric patients with PGTCS and FS. Particular attention was paid to the role of perampanel in the treatment of PGTCS and FS in children and its effectiveness in specific types of focal seizures.

Statistical Considerations in Caries Models: Reaction Paper

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.F. Raubertas
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Positive View ◽  
Willingness To Adopt ◽  
Definition Of

In his conference presentation, Proskin discussed the concepts of validity and reliability of caries models, and reviewed the Proskin-Chilton-Kingman procedure for using models to assess the clinical efficacy of a therapeutic agent. He presented a generally positive view of caries models as substitutes for clinical studies under certain conditions. In this reaction paper I propose a stronger definition of validity, and discuss conceptual and practical requirements that caries models must meet before they can be used in place of clinical studies. Meeting these requirements may depend on obtaining new clinical data; making greater use of existing clinical data; and a willingness to adopt a limited set of standardized models for demonstrating clinical efficacy.

The search for better epilepsy treatments: from slime mould to coconuts

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1625-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Walker ◽  
Robin S.B. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antiepileptic Drug ◽  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Slime Mould ◽  
Seizure Models

Drug-resistant epilepsy has remained a problem since the inception of antiepileptic drug development, despite the large variety of antiepileptic drugs available today. Moreover, the mechanism-of-action of these drugs is often unknown. This is due to the widespread screening of compounds through animal models. We have taken a different approach to antiepileptic drug discovery and have identified a biochemical pathway in Dictyostelium discoideum (a ‘slime mould’) that may relate to the mechanism-of-action of valproate, one of the most commonly used and effective antiepileptic drugs. Through screening in this pathway, we have been able to identify a whole host of fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives with potential antiepileptic activity; this was then confirmed in in vitro and in vivo mammalian seizure models. Some of these compounds are more potent than valproate and potentially lack many of the major side effects of valproate (including birth defects and liver toxicity). In addition, one of the compounds that we have identified is a major constituent of the ketogenic diet, strongly arguing that it may be the fatty acids and not the ketogenesis that are mediating the effect of this diet.

SOME ASPECTS OF THE FUNCTION OF FSH- AND LH-LIKE HORMONES IN NORMAL AND HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED FEMALE RATS, IN CONNECTION WITH RESERPINE ADMINISTRATION

1965 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
M. Grönroos ◽  
E. Mäkinen ◽  
K. Lahtinen ◽  
R. Tirri
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Biological Effect ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Histological Picture ◽  
Peripheral Effect ◽  
Pituitary Secretion

ABSTRACT The effect of reserpine on the secretion of FSH and LH was studied as well as the role of the peripheral effect of reserpine after hypophysectomy. The results in the unoperated animals suggest that reserpine inhibits the pituitary secretion of both FSH and LH. Both these hormones combined with reserpine had a very different biological effect than was seen without reserpine. HCG (LH-like) and particularly PMS (FSH-like) hormones combined with reserpine caused definite enlargement of the ovaries. In the hypophysectomized groups, the effect of the PMS and HCG hormones administered together with reserpine or without it was the same with regard to the weight of the ovaries, but not with regard to their histological picture. On the basis of these results, reserpine may be said to have a peripheral effect although the nature of its mechanism of action is difficult to state. Reserpine probably affects the ovaries by inhibiting the follicular cycle and, consequently, the formation of new and more mature follicles.

Redox State in Atrial Fibrillation Pathogenesis and Relevant Therapeutic Approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 765-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexios S. Antonopoulos ◽  
Athina Goliopoulou ◽  
Evangelos Oikonomou ◽  
Sotiris Tsalamandris ◽  
Georgios-Angelos Papamikroulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Electrophysiological Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Clinical Benefits

Background: Myocardial redox state is a critical determinant of atrial biology, regulating cardiomyocyte apoptosis, ion channel function, and cardiac hypertrophy/fibrosis and function. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether the targeting of atrial redox state is a rational therapeutic strategy for atrial fibrillation prevention. Objective: To review the role of atrial redox state and anti-oxidant therapies in atrial fibrillation. Method: Published literature in Medline was searched for experimental and clinical evidence linking myocardial redox state with atrial fibrillation pathogenesis as well as studies looking into the role of redoxtargeting therapies in the prevention of atrial fibrillation. Results: Data from animal models have shown that altered myocardial nitroso-redox balance and NADPH oxidases activity are causally involved in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation. Similarly experimental animal data supports that increased reactive oxygen / nitrogen species formation in the atrial tissue is associated with altered electrophysiological properties of atrial myocytes and electrical remodeling, favoring atrial fibrillation development. In humans, randomized clinical studies using redox-related therapeutic approaches (e.g. statins or antioxidant agents) have not documented any benefits in the prevention of atrial fibrillation development (mainly post-operative atrial fibrillation risk). Conclusion: Despite strong experimental and translational data supporting the role of atrial redox state in atrial fibrillation pathogenesis, such mechanistic evidence has not been translated to clinical benefits in atrial fibrillation risk in randomized clinical studies using redox-related therapies.

From Ocean to Bedside: the Therapeutic Potential of Molluscan Hemocyanins

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 2292-2303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negar Talaei Zanjani ◽  
Monica Miranda Saksena ◽  
Fariba Dehghani ◽  
Anthony L. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Mechanistic Understanding

Hemocyanins are large and versatile glycoproteins performing various immunological and biological functions in many marine invertebrates including arthropods and molluscs. This review discusses the various pharmacological applications of mollusc hemocyanin such as antiviral activity, immunostimulatory and anticancer properties that have been reported in the literature between the years 2000 and 2016. Emphasis is placed on a better mechanistic understanding of hemocyanin as a therapeutic agent. Elucidation of the mechanism of action is essential to improve the clinical efficacy and for a better understanding of some endogenous immunological functions of this complex glycoprotein.

Role of Pharmacogenomics in Antiepileptic Drug Therapy: Current Status and Future Perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (37) ◽  
pp. 5760-5765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Gambardella ◽  
Angelo Labate ◽  
Laura Mumoli ◽  
Iscia Lopes-Cendes ◽  
Fernando Cendes
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Antiepileptic Drug ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Antiepileptic Drug Therapy
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