Meteorology and High Altitude Aviation

1946 ◽  
Vol 50 (430) ◽  
pp. 787-810
Author(s):  
G. M. B. Dobson ◽  
A. W. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Direction Finding ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Ground Station ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Made In

The regular operating heights of aircraft, both civil and military, are continually increasing until now regular flights within the stratosphere are planned. There is, therefore, much practical interest in the meteorological conditions to be found in the stratosphere and upper troposphere. For about half a century meteorologists have been sending up small balloons carrying recording instruments which measure the temperature and pressure at heights up to 60,000 ft. or more, while recently radio transmitters have been incorporated in the instruments which transmit the temperature and the pressure to the ground station. By following the path of the balloon either by sight or by radio direction-finding, the velocity and direction of the wind at the various heights can also be found. From measurements made in these ways meteorologists have for many years known the general distribution of temperature and winds up to great heights.

Gorald Enell. "Stomach ulcers". Library of the Practical Physician, Vol. 30. Giz. 1929, 123 pages, price 1 p.

1929 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
R. Luria
Keyword(s):  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Made In ◽  
Stomach Ulcers

The author aims to highlight the "peptic ulcer" (Die Magengeschwrkrankheit), its pathology and therapy from the point of view of a therapist. As you know, in addition to very detailed chapters in large manuals, many separate monographs are devoted to this issue (I will name only Yarotsky, Enriquez et Durand, Ruhman, Balint, F. Ramond, Tagepa from recent works), but the enormous practical interest presented by the doctrine of peptic ulcer makes it useful to cover the issue again; especially interesting are the observations made in a country where living conditions are somewhat different than: in central Europe, in Sweden

The Qualitative and Quantitative Distribution of Plankton in the Strait of Georgia in Relation to Certain Oceanographic Factors

1957 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Eugène Henri Légaré
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Quantitative Distribution ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Plankton Communities ◽  
Made In

In order to gain some picture of the seasonal variations in the plankton communities two cruises were made in the Strait of Georgia, one in June 1955, and the other in November 1955; 165 plankton collections were taken, also surface temperatures.The correlation of these data have resulted in a number of conclusions concerning the distribution of plankton in the Strait of Georgia. The chief factor affecting the general distribution of plankton is the salinity gradient. The inflow of fresh water from the Fraser River forms zones of varying properties, and leads to the development of different plankton communities. The extent to which physical and chemical factors may determine the presence or absence of certain organisms from the zones described is discussed.

Geodetic applications of laser ranging

1977 ◽  
Vol 284 (1326) ◽  
pp. 529-536 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
San Andreas Fault ◽  
Plate Motion ◽  
Laser Ranging ◽  
Northern California ◽  
San Andreas ◽  
Lageos Satellite ◽  
Made In

The measurement of intersite distances with laser ranging to satellites has been demon­strated during the last few years for distances of several hundred to several thousand kilometres with precisions of a few tens of centimetres. These techniques are now being tested across the San Andreas fault in California where it is hoped plate motion will be observable after several years of measurements. The first measurements, between sites in southern and northern California, were made in 1972 and repeated again in 1974 with agreement between the baselines for each of the two years at the 10 cm level. The next measurements are planned for the summer of 1976. The results of these and related experiments will be described together with simulations of the projected capability using the high altitude Lageos satellite. General plans for future experiments will be described.

scholarly journals HIGH-WATER PROBLEMS ON THE DANISH NORTH SEA COAST

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
C. Ringe-Jorgensen
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
High Water ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Dutch Coast ◽  
Water Problems ◽  
Sea Coast ◽  
North Sea Coast ◽  
Made In ◽  
Frequency Curves

With reference to the use of high-water frequency curves, which have been suggested by Wemelsfelder as an aid to fix the maximum flooding level, an attempt will be made in the following to estimate how far certain special geographical and meteorological conditions may be expected to influence the shape of the frequency curves for different localities. The investigation concerns a particular point on the Danish North Sea coast compared with the Dutch coast, but its principles may possibly be of interest in a wider sense.

Carotid baroreflex control of heart rate during acute exposure to simulated altitudes of 3,800 m and 4,300 m

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (4) ◽  
pp. R1219-R1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sagawa ◽  
R. Torii ◽  
K. Nagaya ◽  
F. Wada ◽  
Y. Endo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Cardiac Response ◽  
Baroreflex Control ◽  
Carotid Baroreflex ◽  
Maximal Gain ◽  
Neck Chamber ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Made In

To examine the baroreflex response in humans during acute high-altitude exposure, the carotid baroreflex cardiac responsiveness was studied using a neck chamber in seven unacclimatized male subjects. Measurements were made in a high-altitude chamber on separate days at sea level and during 1-h exposure at two different altitudes of 3,800 m [partial pressure of oxygen in inspired air (Pi O2 ) = 90 mmHg] and 4,300 m (Pi O2  = 82 mmHg). R-R intervals were plotted against neck chamber pressures, and the baroreceptor response was analyzed by applying a four-parameter sigmoidal logistic function. The baroreceptor response curve shifted downward in either altitude, reflecting a tachycardic response at high altitude, and the magnitude of the shift was greater at 4,300 m than at 3,800 m. There was no change in the sigmoidal parameters at 3,800 m compared with sea level except for a reduction ( P < 0.05) of the minimum R-R interval. At 4,300 m the maximal R-R range, slope coefficient, minimum R-R interval, and maximal gain of the curve decreased significantly ( P < 0.05) compared with sea level values, whereas the centering point of the curve remained unchanged. These results suggest that hypoxia (Pi O2  = 82 mmHg) reduces the sensitivity of carotid baroreflex cardiac response.

scholarly journals Martyrs made in the sky: the Zénith balloon tragedy and the construction of the French Third Republic's first scientific heroes

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-386
Author(s):  
Patrick Luiz Sullivan De Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Claude Bernard ◽  
Made In

Following the balloon's invention in 1783, the French greeted the technology with enthusiasm, speculating extensively about its potential scientific and practical applications. However, the lack of progress in navigating against the winds discredited ballooning, and in the following decades it became the domain of spectacular forms of entertainment and of swindlers trying to defraud public subscriptions. All of this changed after the 1870–1871 Franco-Prussian War, during which balloons were used to breach the siege of Paris. This essay explores how the aeronautical community, led by the recently established Société Française de Navigation Aérienne, mobilized the memory of the war to transform the balloon into a symbol of a heroic republican science. Paramount in that process was the Zénith 's 1875 high-altitude ascent that killed two aeronauts—Joseph Crocé-Spinelli and Théodore Sivel. The tragedy reverberated beyond France's scientific community, and through popular acclaim the two aeronauts became the Third Republic's first scientific martyrs, anticipating the eventual apotheoses of figures like Claude Bernard and Louis Pasteur. The ballooning revival in the last third of the century helped strengthen the association between France and aeronautics, thus setting the stage for the country to acquire a central position in the field by the early twentieth century.

scholarly journals The Statistical Equilibrium of H and He and the H/He Ratio in WR Stars

1984 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 88-91
Author(s):  
A.B. Underhill ◽  
A.K. Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Electron Temperature ◽  
Statistical Equilibrium ◽  
Emission Lines ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Strong Emission ◽  
B Stars ◽  
Effective Temperatures ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

The mixed selection of strong emission lines present in the spectra of WR stars suggests that we are observing plasma with an electron temperature of the order of 105 K somewhere in the atmospheres of these rare stars. In the spectra of some WR stars emission lines of H are detected; this suggests that plasma with an electron temperature of the order of 104 K may be present also. Since the observations made in the last 30 years show that the masses, luminosities, effective temperatures, and general distribution in space of WR stars are similar to those of stars with spectral types in the range from about B2 to O9, a prime question is why are the spectra of WR stars so different from those of the B stars with which they are associated.

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