Variations in Male Sex Behaviour

1950 ◽  
Vol 1951 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Health Trust

Opening the discussion on Dr. Walton's paper, Professor Wm. C. Miller (Animal Health Trust) said: “Dr. Walton has presented a paper which outlines the fundamentals of male sex behaviuor and forms an excellent skeletal strcuture into which the minutiae of behaviour can be fitted. I feel I ought to make an effort to fit some of the more precise details into their places and so contribute towards the presentation of a more complete idea of just what is involved in male sex behaviour. I am, however, inevitably faced with the limitations of available data and with the very great amount of variation in behaviour as between individuals, and even more between species of farm animals.

Known Hepatoprotectors Act as Antioxidants and Immune Stimulators in Stressed Mice: Perspectives in Animal Health Care

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (40) ◽  
pp. 4825-4837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Alberto de la Riva ◽  
Francisco Javier López Mendoza ◽  
Guillermin Agüero-Chapin
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidases ◽  
Transport Chain ◽  
Exogenous Compounds ◽  
Relationship Of

Background: Oxygen is involved in a variety of physiological reactions in aerobic organisms, such as those produced in the electron transport chain, hydroxylation, and oxygenation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are naturally formed as byproducts from these previously reactions involving the O2 molecule; they are made up of superoxide anion (O2−), hydroxyl radical (HO−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), peroxyl (ROO−), and reactive aldehyde (ROCH). Under certain environmental stress conditions, ROS are accumulated causing cellular damage but also triggering the overexpression of several enzyme classes such as superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT) and glutathione peroxidases (GPx), which represent an important intrinsic antioxidant defence line. Liver is a key organ in vertebrates including farm animals and human. The oxidative stress plays an important role in systemic malfunctions including hepatic, renal and immunological, disorders. Methods: This review presents a brief update about the relationship of oxidative stress with hepatic, renal and immunological malfunctions in stressed organisms. Cellular and exogenous hepatoprotective compounds share also the ability to scavenge ROS acting as antioxidants and in many cases as stimulators of immune response in stressed organisms. We present the effect of some hepatoprotectors on the hepatic, renal and immunological function in stressed mice by the jointed evaluation of biological and oxidative stress markers. Conclusion: Hepatoprotective effect of several exogenous compounds is very associated with their antioxidant capacity. This fact is relevant for keeping oxidant/antioxidant balance in the respective organs, but also for maintaining the physiological status of the whole organism.

scholarly journals Impact of CRISPR-Cas9-Based Genome Engineering in Farm Animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Parul Singh ◽  
Syed Azmal Ali
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Genome Engineering ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Guide Rna ◽  
Female Birth ◽  
Comprehensive Information

Humans are sorely over-dependent on livestock for their daily basic need of food in the form of meat, milk, and eggs. Therefore, genetic engineering and transgenesis provide the opportunity for more significant gains and production in a short span of time. One of the best strategies is the genetic alteration of livestock to enhance the efficiency of food production (e.g., meat and milk), animal health, and welfare (animal population and disease). Moreover, genome engineering in the bovine is majorly focused on subjects such as disease resistance (e.g., tuberculosis), eradicate allergens (e.g., beta-lactoglobulin knock-out), products generation (e.g., meat from male and milk from female), male or female birth specifically (animal sexing), the introduction of valuable traits (e.g., stress tolerance and disease resistance) and their wellbeing (e.g., hornlessness). This review addressed the impressive genome engineering method CRISPR, its fundamental principle for generating highly efficient target-specific guide RNA, and the accompanying web-based tools. However, we have covered the remarkable roadmap of the CRISPR method from its conception to its use in cattle. Additionally, we have updated the comprehensive information on CRISPR-based gene editing in cattle.

scholarly journals Equine piroplasmosis status in the UK: an assessment of laboratory diagnostic submissions and techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 184 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M Coultous ◽  
Paul Phipps ◽  
Charlie Dalley ◽  
Jane Lewis ◽  
Toni-Ann Hammond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Equine Piroplasmosis ◽  
Tick Vector ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Tick Vectors ◽  
Health Trust

Equine piroplasmosis (EP) has historically been of minor concern to UK equine practitioners, primarily due to a lack of competent tick vectors. However, increased detection of EP tick vector species in the UK has been reported recently. EP screening is not currently required for equine importation, and when combined with recent relaxations in movement regulations, there is an increased risk regarding disease incursion and establishment into the UK. This study evaluated the prevalence of EP by both serology and PCR among 1242 UK equine samples submitted for EP screening between February and December 2016 to the Animal and Plant Health Agency and the Animal Health Trust. Where information was available, 81.5 per cent of submissions were for the purpose of UK export testing, and less than 0.1 per cent for UK importation. Serological prevalence of EP was 8.0 per cent, and parasite DNA was found in 0.8 per cent of samples. A subsequent analysis of PCR sensitivity in archived clinical samples indicated that the proportion of PCR-positive animals is likely to be considerably higher. The authors conclude that the current threat imposed by UK carrier horses is not adequately monitored and further measures are required to improve national biosecurity and prevent endemic disease.

scholarly journals Long-term and trans-generational effects of neonatal experience on sheep behaviour

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 20140273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Clark ◽  
Joanna Murrell ◽  
Mia Fernyhough ◽  
Treasa O'Rourke ◽  
Michael Mendl
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Relative Paucity ◽  
Tail Docking ◽  
Generational Effects

Early life experiences can have profound long-term, and sometimes trans-generational, effects on individual phenotypes. However, there is a relative paucity of knowledge about effects on pain sensitivity, even though these may impact on an individual's health and welfare, particularly in farm animals exposed to painful husbandry procedures. Here, we tested in sheep whether neonatal painful and non-painful challenges can alter pain sensitivity in adult life, and also in the next generation. Ewes exposed to tail-docking or a simulated mild infection (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) on days 3–4 of life showed higher levels of pain-related behaviour when giving birth as adults compared with control animals. LPS-treated ewes also gave birth to lambs who showed decreased pain sensitivity in standardized tests during days 2–3 of life. Our results demonstrate long-term and trans-generational effects of neonatal experience on pain responses in a commercially important species and suggest that variations in early life management can have important implications for animal health and welfare.

scholarly journals PSVI-10 Detection of E. coli virulence genes during the pre-weaning and peri-weaning period in young meat goats

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 201-202
Author(s):  
Eunice Ndegwa ◽  
Aber Alahmde
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Weaning Stress ◽  
Meat Goats ◽  
Health Need ◽  
Specific Virulence

Abstract It has been postulated that changes in prevalence of E. coli isolates with particular virulence genes in animals may be affected by many factors including age, feed, geographical location and stress. The weaning period represents stressful stage during the growth of farm animals. To evaluate if weaning stress affects the prevalence of E. coli possessing virulence genes; shiga toxin (Stx), hemolysin (hly) and intimin (eae) in young meat goats, fecal samples were collected during pre-weaning period, day of weaning (0DPW), one day after weaning (1DPW), two days after weaning (2DPW) and 7 days after weaning (7DPW). Two hundred forty seven two E. coli isolates were screened for the virulence genes. All four virulence genes (Stx1, Stx2, Hly, and eae) evaluated were detected in E. coli during the peri-weaning period while only stx1, eae and hly were detected during the pre-weaning period. No Stx2 had been detected during the pre-weaning period. Both Stx1 and Hly frequency of detection increased significantly from 0DPW to 2DPW and then decreased on 7DPW. The Stx2 gene remained relatively the same between 0DPW and 7DPW. The frequency of eae detection was highest during the pre-weaning period but also increased significantly from 0DPW to 7DPW. Further characterization of peri-weaning isolates possessing either Stx2 or eae revealed that some belonged to serotypes important to animal and public health including O26, O103 and O146. We highlight a previously unreported finding on pattern of colonization by E. coli in young meat goats before and during peri-weaning period. This trend may be suggestive that strains of E. coli harboring specific virulence genes proliferate during times of stress such as weaning in young meat goats while others predominantly colonize very young animals. The significance of E. coli isolates possessing the various virulence genes in relation to animal health need further evaluation.

A day in the life of an intern at the Animal Health Trust

Equine Health ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (30) ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Jenny Routh
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Trust

Equine disease surveillance: quarterly summary

2017 ◽  
Vol 181 (16) ◽  
pp. 419-422 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
List Type ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Surveillance Report ◽  
Health Trust

Summary of surveillance testing, April to June 2017International disease occurrence in the second quarter of 2017These are among matters discussed in the most recent quarterly equine disease surveillance report, prepared by Defra, the Animal Health Trust and the British Equine Veterinary Association

Animal Health Trust Educational Awards

Nature ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 180 (4583) ◽  
pp. 412-412
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Trust
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document