3. On the Figures of Equilibrium of Liquid Films

1869 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 76-78
Author(s):  
David Brewster
Keyword(s):  
Soap Solution ◽  
Liquid Films ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Soap Bubble ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Soap Films ◽  
Figures Of Equilibrium ◽  
New Phenomena

In repeating some of the experiments of Professor Plateau, described in seven interesting memoirs published in “The Transactions of the Belgian Academy,” and in prosecuting his own experiments on the colours of the soap-bubble, the author of this paper observed several new phenomena which may have escaped the notice of the Belgian philosopher.Professor Plateau has described and drawn the beautiful systems of soap-films, obtained by lifting from a soap solution a cube made of wires about one and a half inch long. This system is a polyhedron, composed of twelve similar films stretching from the wires, and united to a plane quadrangular film in the centre. When this vertical film was blown upon, M. Von Rees observed that it was reduced to a line, and then reproduced in a horizontal position, from which it could be blown again into a vertical position.

XXXIV.—On the Figures of Equilibrium in Liquid Films

1867 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Brewster
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Films ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Soap Bubble ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Figures Of Equilibrium ◽  
Capillary Attraction ◽  
New Phenomena

In repeating some of the beautiful experiments of Professor Plateau, on the Equilibrium of Liquid Films, contained in seven Memoirs, published in the “Transactions of the Royal Belgic Academy,” and in prosecuting my experiments on the colours of the soap-bubble, I observed several new phenomena which may have escaped the notice of the Belgian philosopher.In plunging a wire cube in a solution of soap, and lifting it up vertically, Professor Plateau found that there was formed within it a polyhedron, as shown in Plate XXXIV. Fig. 1, consisting of twelve similar liquid films adhering by capillary attraction to the twelve wires which compose the cube, and a small quadrangular film suspended in the middle of them. In many cases M. Plateau found that the vertical quadrangular film was often horizontal, as in Fig. 2; and M. Van Rees discovered, that by blowing very lightly upon one of its sides it was reduced to a simple line, and then reproduced in a horizontal position, from which it could be blown again into a vertical position, as in Fig. 1.

2. On the Figures of Equilibrium of Liquid Films

1869 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 311-313
Author(s):  
David Brewster
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Liquid Films ◽  
Double Cone ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Small Aperture ◽  
Hollow Glass ◽  
Plane Film ◽  
Common Plane ◽  
Figures Of Equilibrium ◽  
Small Bubbles

This paper is a continuation of that read on 4th February 1867, and already published in the Transactions. Instead, however, of the liquid films being formed within systems of wires, hollow glass vessels are here employed. By using a single or double cone of glass open at both ends, and inserting within it small bubbles blown from a quill or tube with a small aperture, regular binary, ternary, or quaternary systems of films are produced. Thus, by first obtaining a plane film within the conical vessel, and then inserting upon it four small bubbles, a system is produced consisting of four hollow films, of curious curvature, united to one another respectively by vertical plane surfaces, and connected in their centres by a common plane film, which, by adopting certain precautions, may, with a little care, be made to assume either a horizontal or a vertical position.

Peripheral representation of antennal orientation by the scapal hair plate of the cockroach Periplaneta americana

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (24) ◽  
pp. 4301-4309 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Okada ◽  
Y. Toh
Keyword(s):  
Single Unit ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Horizontal Component ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Basal Segment ◽  
Dynamic Phase ◽  
Hair Sensilla

SUMMARY Arthropods have hair plates that are clusters of mechanosensitive hairs, usually positioned close to joints, which function as proprioceptors for joint movement. We investigated how angular movements of the antenna of the cockroach (Periplaneta americana) are coded by antennal hair plates. A particular hair plate on the basal segment of the antenna, the scapal hair plate, can be divided into three subgroups: dorsal, lateral and medial. The dorsal group is adapted to encode the vertical component of antennal direction, while the lateral and medial groups are specialized for encoding the horizontal component. Of the three subgroups of hair sensilla, those of the lateral scapal hair plate may provide the most reliable information about the horizontal position of the antenna, irrespective of its vertical position. Extracellular recordings from representative sensilla of each scapal hair plate subgroup revealed the form of the single-unit impulses in response to hair deflection. The mechanoreceptors were characterized as typically phasic-tonic. The tonic discharge was sustained indefinitely (>20 min) as long as the hair was kept deflected. The spike frequency in the transient (dynamic) phase was both velocity- and displacement-dependent, while that in the sustained (steady) phase was displacement-dependent.

On a New Type of Vibrating Lift

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-269
Author(s):  
J. Inoue ◽  
Y. Araki ◽  
S. Kubo
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Linear Vibration ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Asynchronous Motors ◽  
Rotational Vibration ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Right

This paper investigates in detail the new vibrating lift made by utilizing the principle of the self-synchronization of mechanical vibrators. In a general way products ride up inclined way of the spiral trough of a vibrating lift, propelled by forces generated by two unbalanced rotors connected by the gear and driven by a motor, which are mounted on top of the structure in a horizontal position. This machine is a new type of vibrating lift. The axes of two unbalanced rotors are nonparallel and each driven by two asynchronous motors. One motor is positioned on the right hand side and the other is situated on the left hand side of the structure in a vertical position. In spite of the absence of any connection between two rotors, they rotate at the same speed and have the definite phase angle between them as the result of the phenomena of the self-synchronization under a certain condition. This phenomenon is also called entrainment. Accordingly, by the linear vibration in the direction of the axis of the structure and rotational vibration about the axis of the structure by two unbalanced rotors, products ride up inclined way of the spiral trough.

scholarly journals Karakterisasi Prototipe Heater Element System pada Untai Uji RCCS-RDNK menggunakan Kamera Infra Merah

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
DEDY HARYANTO ◽  
GIARNO GIARNO ◽  
JOKO PRASETIO WITOKO ◽  
GREGORIUS BAMBANG HERU KUSNUGROHO ◽  
RAHAYU KUSUMASTUTI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Heater Element ◽  
Element System ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Cavity Cooling

ABSTRAKReactor Cavity Cooling System (RCCS) adalah salah satu sistem keselamatan pada Reaktor Daya Non Komersial (RDNK). Untuk mensimulasikan keadaaan tersebut, dibuat prototype Heater Element System (HES) yang merupakan sistem pemanas listrik dan berfungsi untuk memberikan kalor pada simulator dinding RPV (wall) seperti pada acuan RPV tipe HTGR. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk memperoleh karakteristik temperatur selama pemanasan prototype HES hingga mencapai temperature 400°C berdasarkan posisi vertikal dan horizontal HES. Metode pengamatan dilakukan dengan menggunakan kamera infra merah NEC tipe TH9100ML sebagai alat ukur temperatur dan alat visualisasi ditribusi temperatur. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan, bahwa kehilangan kalor pada prototipe HES pada posisi vertikal lebih kecil dibandingankan pada posisi horizontal hal ini disebabkan karena luas permukaan pada posisi horizontal sebesar 7,260 cm2 lebih memungkinkan untuk kehilangan kalor lebih besar. Posisi vertikal temperatur yang dicapai pada wall prototipe HES lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada posisi horizontal.Kata Kunci: RCCS, Heater Element System, kamera infra merah, temperatur ABSTRACTReactor Cavity Cooling System (RCCS) is one of the safety systems in Non-Commercial Power Reactors (RDNK). To simulate this situation, a prototype Heater Element System (HES) was made using electric heating system as a heat sources and it serves to provide radiation heat to the RPV wall simulator as the reference of the RPV of HTGR type. The purpose of this study was to obtain the temperature characteristics during the heating of the HES prototype to reach temperatures of 400°C base on HES position, horizontal and vertical positions. The observation method was carried out using a TH9100ML infrared camera NEC type as a temperature measurement and a temperature distribution base on visualization. The observations show that the heat loss in the HES prototype in the vertical position is smaller than in the horizontal position because this is because the surface area in the horizontal position 7.260 cm2 is more likely to lose more heat. The vertical position the temperature achieved on the HES prototype wall is higher than in the horizontal position.Keywords: RCCS, Heater Element System, infrared camera, temperature

Bloom

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Ken Goldberg ◽  
Sanjay Krishnan ◽  
Fernanda Viégas ◽  
Martin Wattenberg
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Vertical Velocity ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Second Derivative ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Earth Art ◽  
Time Changes

In Bloom, an Internet-based earth-art-work, minute movements of the Hayward Fault in California are detected by a seismograph, transmitted continuously via the Internet, and processed to generate an evolving field of circular blooms. The size and position of each bloom is based on real-time changes in Earth’s motion, measured as a vertical velocity continuously updated from the seismometer. The horizontal position of blooms is based on time, and their vertical position is based on magnitude of the second derivative or rate of change. Large movements create large blooms; small jitters create tiny buds. This essay presents several stills from the Bloom project, and an essay on the work and its creator, Ken Goldberg.

Response of Missile Erector Towers to Sudden Stops or Impact Loads

1957 ◽  
Vol 61 (562) ◽  
pp. 694-696
Author(s):  
Hugh L. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Digital Computer ◽  
Sudden Stops ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Impact Loads ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Sudden Stop ◽  
Electronic Digital Computer ◽  
Load Factors

The Cantilever-Type mechanism often used in large missile erectors is subjected to heavy stresses when raising a missile from the horizontal to the vertical position for launching. In the event it becomes necessary to return the missile to the horizontal position, severe stresses in the erector, and possibly the missile itself may be developed if the lowering mechanism causes the erector to stop suddenly just before it reaches the horizontal position. This note presents a simple matric formulation of the problem which enables one who has access to an electronic digital computer to compute maximum deflections and load factors that occur as a result of a sudden stop.

scholarly journals Modeling Study of EMBr Effects on the Detrimental Dynamic Distortion Phenomenon in a Funnel Thin Slab Mold

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 958
Author(s):  
Saul Garcia-Hernandez ◽  
Carlos Humberto Gonzalez-Guzman ◽  
Rodolfo Morales Davila ◽  
Jose de Jesus Barreto ◽  
Enif Gutierrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maxwell Equations ◽  
Submerged Entry Nozzle ◽  
Reynolds Stress Model ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Stress Model ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Thin Slab ◽  
Electromagnetic Brake ◽  
Vof Model ◽  
And Control

The turbulent phenomena occurring in the thin slab mold affect the final product quality. Therefore, it is essential to carry out studies to understand and control their occurrence. Current research aims to study the electromagnetic brake (EMBr) effects on the flow patterns in a funnel thin slab mold. The objective is to prevent the detrimental phenomenon known as dynamic distortions (DD) of the flow, applying the EMBr in the typical horizontal position (H-EMBr) and a new vertical position close to the narrow faces (V-EMBr). The fluid dynamics are simulated using the Reynolds stress model (RSM), the Volume of Fluid (VOF) model and the Maxwell equations in their magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simplification. The results show that the H-EMBr effectively counteracts the DD phenomenon by reducing the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) ports' mass flow rate differences. The EMBr reduces the highest meniscus fluctuations from −10 to ±3 mm with a field intensity of 0.1T and almost 0 mm for higher field intensities. In contrast, the V-EMBr configuration does not reduce or control at all the DD phenomenon, even though eliminating the upper roll flows does not diminish the meniscus fluctuation amplitudes and induces new small roll flows close to the SEN's wall.

Memoirs: A Contribution to the Morphology and Development of the Pectoral Skeleton of Teleosteans

1905 ◽  
Vol s2-49 (194) ◽  
pp. 363-382
Author(s):  
H. H. SWINNERTON
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Position ◽  
Horizontal Position

1. The earlier stages in the development of the pectoral skeleton of the salmon are fundamentally the same as those of the stickleback (p. 370). 2. The mesocoracoid appears late in the development of the salmon, and is associated with the rotation of the glenoid border into a transversely horizontal position (p. 368). 3. There is no sign of a mesocoracoid during development in the stickleback, and this is associated with the rotation of the glenoid border into a vertical position (pp. 370 and 371). 4. Those Teleosts without a mesocoracoid probably constitute a group separate and not originating from those Teleosts with a inesocoracoid (pp. 377 and 378). 5. The postcoracoid process, which is so prominent a feature during development, represents the metapterygium (pp. 373 and 374). 6. The so-called "interclavicle" of the stickleback is not a part of the coracoid, but arises as a separate dermal ossification. It is not homologous with the bone of the same name in the sturgeon, and should therefore receive a different name, e.g. infracleithrum (p. 379).

Elevation gradient of intrathoracic pressure

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Krueger ◽  
Thomas Bain ◽  
John L. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Work Of Breathing ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Intrathoracic Pressure ◽  
Vertical Gradient ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
The Mean

Intrathoracic (intrapleural) pressure was measured in 15 anesthetized mongrel dogs held in the vertical position. A small balloon attached to a polyethylene catheter was inserted, without admission of air, into the chest through the 3rd intercostal space, or above the first rib, and passed down to the costophrenic sulcus. Along the lateral, anterolateral, and posterolateral aspects of the lung surface a vertical gradient of pressure was found, amounting to an increase of +0.21 cm H2O/cm descent, which was absent when the animal was in the horizontal position. This pressure gradient agrees closely with the gradient predicted on the basis of the mean density of lung tissue at end expiration in these animals. Among the implications of these findings is the possible existence of regional differences in the elastic work of breathing, based on differences in vertical distance between parts of the lung. Submitted on May 2, 1960

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