RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENGERING CABAI SISTEM TUBULAR HEATER DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN ENERGI SURYA

Today, the curing process off chili still generally applies natural drying or directly drying in the sun. This would obviously depend on weather conditions and could only be done in the morning until daylight. Therefore, it would require an ingenious dryer to be an alternative when natural dryer cannot be done.in the research, it designed a chili dryer with heat sources of heater from tubular heater. where the electric energy source of the tubular heater element heat is generater from the conversion of energy to a device called solar cells and stored into batteries. The method used was literature studies in which collections where conducted and analyzed a sense of relevant literature with thesis. Then design accordingly and tool making and direct research. This design was a beam made of plywood as the dryer room and inside was try and furnished with a digital thermostat as an automatic temperature regulator while disconnecting an connecting the flow of electric current to the tubular heater.the test wa divided into five different kinds by three test without load and two tests with a load chili. The test without load includes testing the maximum temperatur, the ability of the battery without charging and with a solar cell charger using temperature limit of 100 chelcious degrees, then the testing with a load 1 kg of chili and 6 kg of chili. The test result of this device can evaporate the highest water content of chili by an average of 78,2% for 1 kg of chili, and in the 6 kg of chili the waterr content can be reduced by 41,7% of whith a testing time 8 hoursDewasa ini, proses pengeringan cabai umumnya masih menerapkan pengeringan alami atau menjemur langsung di bawah sinar matahari. Tentunya cara ini sangat bergantung dengan kondisi cuaca dan hanya bisa dilakukan pada pagi hingga siang hari. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan suatu alat pengering yang mampu menjadi alat alternatif apabila pengeringan alami tidak dapat dilakukan. Pada penelitian ini dirancang sebuah alat pengering cabai dengan sumber panas dari elemen pemanas listrik tubular heater. Dimana sumber energi listrik elemen pemanas tubular heater dihasilkan dari konversi energi sebuah alat yang bernama sel surya dan disimpan ke dalam baterai. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kepustakaan dimana dilakukan pengumpulkan data dan menganalisa suatu pengertian dari literatur-literatur yang relevan dengan skripsi. Kemudian membuat desain yang sesuai dan membuat alat serta melakukan penelitian secara langsung. Alat ini berbentuk balok terbuat dari triplek sebagai ruang pengering dan di dalamnya terdapat tray dan dilengkapi thermostat digital sebagai pengatur suhu otomatis sekaligus memutuskan dan menyambungkan aliran arus listrik pada tubular heater. Pengujian dibagi menjadi 5 jenis pengujian dengan 3 pengujian tanpa beban dan 2 pengujian dengan beban cabai. Pengujian tanpa beban meliputi pengujian suhu maksimal, kemampuan baterai tanpa pengecasan dan dengan pengecasa sel surya menggunakan batas suhu 100ºC, kemudian pengujian dengan beban cabai 1 kg dan 6 kg. Hasil pengujian alat ini mampu menguapkan kadar air cabai tertinggi sebesar 78,2% pada pengujian 1 kg, dan pada pengujian 6 kg kadar air mampu dikurangi sebesar 41,7% selama 8 jam.

A Portable RT-LAMP/CRISPR Machine for Rapid COVID-19 Screening

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed people’s lives and has brought society to a sudden standstill, with lockdowns and social distancing as the preferred preventative measures. To lift these measurements and reduce society’s burden, developing an easy-to-use, rapid, and portable system to detect SARS-CoV-2 is mandatory. To this end, we developed a portable and semi-automated device for SARS-CoV-2 detection based on reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification followed by a CRISPR/Cas12a reaction. The device contains a heater element mounted on a printed circuit board, a cooler fan, a proportional integral derivative controller to control the temperature, and designated areas for 0.2 mL Eppendorf® PCR tubes. Our system has a limit of detection of 35 copies of the virus per microliter, which is significant and has the capability of being used in crisis centers, mobile laboratories, remote locations, or airports to diagnose individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. We believe the current methodology that we have implemented in this article is beneficial for the early screening of infectious diseases, in which fast screening with high accuracy is necessary.

Pulsed IR Heating of Thermoplastic Sheets for Thermoforming Applications

This study presents the pulsed heating strategy as an advancement of the current state of the art in industry towards the theoretically fastest method of heating a thermoplastic sheet. Experimental temperature measurements are combined with an explicit finite difference numerical model to describe the pulsed heating method and indicate its added value in IR heating of thermoplastic sheets. Different process settings are evaluated and indicate the effect of the applied heat flux and the time interval tOFF during pulsed heating. When switched off, the residual heating of the heater elements is able to partially compensate for the convective heat losses at the surface of the sheet. This results in a more uniform temperature distribution through thickness without slowing down the overall heating process. The study shows that this effect is lost when the time interval in which the heater element is switched off, increases. Applying pulsed heating opens up a large processing window to control the through-thickness temperature difference. When the total amount of applied thermal energy is taken into account, pulsed heating is able to increase the overall heating rate and simultaneously keep the temperature difference through thickness limited.

Rancang Bangun Heater Element Segment pada Rangkaian Sistem Reactor Cavity Cooling RDNK

RANCANG BANGUN HEATER ELEMENT SEGMENT PADA RANGKAIAN SISTEM REACTOR CAVITY COOLING RDNK. Proses pendinginan secara pasif menjadi perhatian khusus sejak kecelakaan PLTN Fukushima dan TMI-2, kecelakaan tersebut diakibatkan oleh gagalnya sistem pendingin aktif dimana pompa tidak berfungsi. Kemudian, aliran sirkulasi alam sebagai prinsip kerja sistem pendingin pasif juga digunakan pada model pendinginan di celah antara dinding luar Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) reactor High Temperature Gass Cooled Reactor (HTGR) dan beton penopang RPV. Riset terkait reactor cavity cooling system berbasis pendingin pasif dilakukan dengan membuat Untai Uji Reactor Cavity Cooling System-Reaktor Daya Non Komersial (RCCS-RDNK), namun saat dilakukan komisioning fungsi pemanasannya tidak optimal, temperatur yang ingin dicapai yaitu 300oC – 400oC pada permukaan simulator RPV HTGR tidak tercapai, sehingga dilakukan modifikasi pada sistem pemanas dengan heater element segments (HES) berbasis proses radiasi. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk melakukan analisis pada pengujian pemanasan HES hasil konstruksi hingga mencapai temperatur optimal. Metode eksperimen dilakukan dengan menghidupkan heater dan merekam perubahan temperatur pada titik pengukuran di bagian permukaan insulator brick (BRICK), permukaan dalam RPV (RPVD), permukaan luar RPV (RPVL) dan udara luar. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan, secara umum capaian maksimal temperatur pada bagian permukaan RPV sekitar 400oC, dengan temperatur permukaan brick sekitar 700oC. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa, konstruksi pemanas HES dapat beroperasi optimal dan memenuhi kriteria simulasi pendingin pada RCCS HTGR.

Karakterisasi Prototipe Heater Element System pada Untai Uji RCCS-RDNK menggunakan Kamera Infra Merah

ABSTRAKReactor Cavity Cooling System (RCCS) adalah salah satu sistem keselamatan pada Reaktor Daya Non Komersial (RDNK). Untuk mensimulasikan keadaaan tersebut, dibuat prototype Heater Element System (HES) yang merupakan sistem pemanas listrik dan berfungsi untuk memberikan kalor pada simulator dinding RPV (wall) seperti pada acuan RPV tipe HTGR. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk memperoleh karakteristik temperatur selama pemanasan prototype HES hingga mencapai temperature 400°C berdasarkan posisi vertikal dan horizontal HES. Metode pengamatan dilakukan dengan menggunakan kamera infra merah NEC tipe TH9100ML sebagai alat ukur temperatur dan alat visualisasi ditribusi temperatur. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan, bahwa kehilangan kalor pada prototipe HES pada posisi vertikal lebih kecil dibandingankan pada posisi horizontal hal ini disebabkan karena luas permukaan pada posisi horizontal sebesar 7,260 cm2 lebih memungkinkan untuk kehilangan kalor lebih besar. Posisi vertikal temperatur yang dicapai pada wall prototipe HES lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada posisi horizontal.Kata Kunci: RCCS, Heater Element System, kamera infra merah, temperatur ABSTRACTReactor Cavity Cooling System (RCCS) is one of the safety systems in Non-Commercial Power Reactors (RDNK). To simulate this situation, a prototype Heater Element System (HES) was made using electric heating system as a heat sources and it serves to provide radiation heat to the RPV wall simulator as the reference of the RPV of HTGR type. The purpose of this study was to obtain the temperature characteristics during the heating of the HES prototype to reach temperatures of 400°C base on HES position, horizontal and vertical positions. The observation method was carried out using a TH9100ML infrared camera NEC type as a temperature measurement and a temperature distribution base on visualization. The observations show that the heat loss in the HES prototype in the vertical position is smaller than in the horizontal position because this is because the surface area in the horizontal position 7.260 cm2 is more likely to lose more heat. The vertical position the temperature achieved on the HES prototype wall is higher than in the horizontal position.Keywords: RCCS, Heater Element System, infrared camera, temperature

A thermal-gradient approach to variable-temperature measurements resolved in space

Temperature is a ubiquitous environmental variable used to explore materials structure, properties and reactivity. This article reports a new paradigm for variable-temperature measurements that varies the temperature continuously across a sample such that temperature is measured as a function of sample position and not time. The gradient approach offers advantages over conventional variable-temperature studies, in which temperature is scanned during a series measurement, in that it improves the efficiency with which a series of temperatures can be probed and it allows the sample evolution at multiple temperatures to be measured in parallel to resolve kinetic and thermodynamic effects. Applied to treat samples at a continuum of temperatures prior to measurements at ambient temperature, the gradient approach enables parametric studies of recovered systems, eliminating temperature-dependent structural and chemical variations to simplify interpretation of the data. The implementation of spatially resolved variable-temperature measurements presented here is based on a gradient-heater design that uses a 3D-printed ceramic template to guide the variable pitch of the wire in a resistively heated wire-wound heater element. The configuration of the gradient heater was refined on the basis of thermal modelling. Applications of the gradient heater to quantify thermal-expansion behaviour, to map metastable polymorphs recovered to ambient temperature, and to monitor the time- and temperature-dependent phase evolution in a complex solid-state reaction are demonstrated.

Experimental Investigation of a U-Tube Performance Using Nanoferrofluids Under the Effect of Magnetic Fields

The effects of nanoferrofluids on the overall performance of curved tubes (with various radii of curvature) are experimentally investigated under the influence of constant and alternating magnetic fields. The working fluids are distilled water and a ferrofluid (Fe3O4/water) with 0.2% and 0.4% volume concentrations. The experiments are performed under a constant wall heat flux (≈12,700 W/m2) using a chrome–nickel electric heater element insulated by refractory fabrics. The mass flowrate is varied from 0.2 to 0.7 kg/min. There are three key parameters, namely, type of the magnetic field, volume of concentration of nanoparticles, and radius of curvature of the pipes that affect the hydrodynamic and thermal characteristics of the system, but the latter is comparatively the dominant factor. If the Reynolds number is 930 in the pipe of 0.2-m diameter of curvature, and also a 50-Hz alternating magnetic field is applied to the curved pipe, the results reveal that using a 0.4% ferrofluid, Nusselt number is improved by 32% compared to that of the distilled water. Nevertheless, due to the undesirable influence of pressure gradient, the best overall effectiveness of 1.12 is attained in the circumstances but in the pipe of 0.4-m diameter of curvature.

Active On-Chip Dispersion Control Using a Tunable Silicon Bragg Grating

Actively controllable dispersion in on-chip photonic devices is challenging to implement compared with free space optical components where mechanical degrees of freedom can be employed. Here, we present a method by which continuously tunable group delay control is achieved by modulating the refractive index profile of a silicon Bragg grating using thermo-optic effects. A simple thermal heater element is used to create tunable thermal gradients along the grating length, inducing chirped group delay profiles. Both effective blue and red chirp are realised using a single on-chip device over nanometre scale bandwidths. Group delay slopes are continuously tunable over a few ps/nm range from red to blue chirp, compatible with on-chip dispersion compensation for telecommunications picosecond pulse systems.

RANCANG BANGUN LEMARI PENGERING BIJI KAKAO BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER ARDUINO UNO 328P

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is to design and make a real tool in the form of a drying cabinet for cocoa beans. Because this solution can relieve the farmers who previously drained the cocoa beans in the sun. This drying cabinet uses the Arduiono Uno 328P control and heater element as a heater. This cabinet is also equipped with a DC motor mechanical device to drive the cocoa drying container. This tool is also equipped with a DHT12 sensor which is a resistive sensor whose value changes depending on the water content of the cocoa beans. The sensor plays a role in detecting the temperature and humidity of the seeds in the cacao drying room. Then the output inverting amplifier voltage is read by the ADC Arduino UNO 328p microcontroller, which is then processed and displayed on the LCD. The test results showed that the measuring instrument made was able to measure the amount of water contained in cocoa beans in the range of water content measurement from 60% to 7.5%. Keyword: Cocoa Beans, Temperature, Arduino, DC Motor, DHT Sensor