Local Weather and Air Pollution Potential: The Case of Durban

Atmospheric pollution over cities accumulates under light wind or stagnation conditions and, on occasion, may be supplemented by transport from distant sources. These conditions cannot easily be predicted by use of the average weather elements. However, material which is useful to decision-makers who are concerned with air pollution problems can be obtained by presenting the data, as in the case of Durban, South Africa, first in terms of the nature and characteristics of vertical mixing in the lower atmosphere, and secondly in terms of the horizontal transport of air. In this way the nature and characteristics of surface and non-surface inversions and mixingdepths, as well as of macro- and meso-scale atmospheric circulations, can more easily be appreciated. In addition, a measure of the air pollution potential can be obtained from daily maximum mixing-depth and win-speed values.

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Parameterizing vertical mixing depth in bed sediments in analyses of horizontal transport in aquatic systems

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth ◽

10.1016/0079-1946(95)00018-6 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 155-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Wörman

Keyword(s):

Vertical Mixing ◽

Aquatic Systems ◽

Mixing Depth ◽

Bed Sediments ◽

Horizontal Transport

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Assimilative capacity of the atmosphere at Lucknow with respect to air pollution

MAUSAM ◽

10.54302/mausam.v50i3.1857 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 263-268

Author(s):

P .K. NANDANKAR

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Vertical Mixing ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Southwest Monsoon ◽

Pollution Potential ◽

Mixing Height ◽

Assimilative Capacity ◽

Diffusion Capacity ◽

Ventilation Coefficient

The present study aim at seasonal and diurnal pollution potential at Lucknow, the capital of Uttar Pradesh. To assess the pollution potential, meteorological data for five year period (1982-86) of Lucknow have been analyzed for four season, viz.; Winter (December-February), Summer (March-May), Southwest Monsoon (June-September) and Post Monsoon (October-November). Seasonwise wind roses, stability, stability wind roses have been prepared and season wise diurnal variation of mixing height and ventilation coefficient have also been worked out. It is found that Lucknow has a better diffusion capacity in summer and poor in winter. Afternoon hours are better for vertical mixing. The winds are predominant from west to north direction in all season except in monsoon where it blows from east direction.

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FIELD STUDIES OF LOCAL WEATHER AND ITS EFFECTS ON AIR POLLUTION AT A PROPOSED INDUSTRIAL SITE

Weather ◽

10.1002/j.1477-8696.1977.tb04512.x ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 42-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. A. Cox

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Field Studies ◽

Industrial Site ◽

Local Weather

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Norms, Incentives, or Deadlines? Explaining Norway’s Noncompliance with the Gothenburg Protocol

Global Environmental Politics ◽

10.1162/glep_a_00446 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 76-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andreas Kokkvoll Tveit

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Western Europe ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Considerable Influence ◽

Emissions Reductions ◽

Transboundary Air Pollution ◽

2010 Target ◽

Deadline Pressure ◽

Business As Usual ◽

Gothenburg Protocol

Norway, previously an international frontrunner concerning reductions of transboundary air pollution, fell far short of its 2010 target for nitrogen oxides (NO x) under the 1999 Gothenburg Protocol. In this article I show that leading international compliance theories cannot explain much of this noncompliance. While little evidence supports the management school’s explanations, Norwegian policies are also inconsistent with the enforcement school. Albeit too late to meet the deadline, Norway imposed a NO x tax in 2007. Moreover, the resulting emissions reductions were deeper than in a business-as-usual scenario, despite no international enforcement. That the NO x tax was imposed only after an environmentalist party gained considerable influence over NO x policies in 2005 supports an office-incumbent hypothesis. However, as emissions also declined significantly in many other European countries after 2005, the explanation is likely structural. One possibility is the deadline-pressure hypothesis: As the deadline approached, decision-makers across Northern and Western Europe considered emissions reductions to be more urgent than before.

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Developing codes for validation of PM10, PM2.5, and O3 datasets using R programming language

Journal of Air Pollution and Health ◽

10.18502/japh.v4i1.604 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ramin Nabizadeh ◽

Mostafa Hadei

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Programming Language ◽

Assessment Method ◽

Daily Maximum ◽

Data Handling ◽

R Programming Language ◽

Wide Range ◽

Us Epa ◽

R Programming ◽

Pm 10

Introduction: The wide range of studies on air pollution requires accurate and reliable datasets. However, due to many reasons, the measured concentra-tions may be incomplete or biased. The development of an easy-to-use and reproducible exposure assessment method is required for researchers. There-fore, in this article, we describe and present a series of codes written in R Programming Language for data handling, validating and averaging of PM10, PM2.5, and O3 datasets. Findings: These codes can be used in any types of air pollution studies that seek for PM and ozone concentrations that are indicator of real concentra-tions. We used and combined criteria from several guidelines proposed by US EPA and APHEKOM project to obtain an acceptable methodology. Separate .csv files for PM 10, PM 2.5 and O3 should be prepared as input file. After the file was imported to the R Programming software, first, negative and zero values of concentrations within all the dataset will be removed. Then, only monitors will be selected that have at least 75% of hourly concentrations. Then, 24-h averages and daily maximum of 8-h moving averages will be calculated for PM and ozone, respectively. For output, the codes create two different sets of data. One contains the hourly concentrations of the interest pollutant (PM10, PM2.5, or O3) in valid stations and their average at city level. Another is the final 24-h averages of city for PM10 and PM2.5 or the final daily maximum 8-h averages of city for O3. Conclusion: These validated codes use a reliable and valid methodology, and eliminate the possibility of wrong or mistaken data handling and averaging. The use of these codes are free and without any limitation, only after the cita-tion to this article.

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EVALUASI EFEKTIVITAS TANAMAN DALAM MEREDUKSI POLUSI BERDASARKAN KARAKTER FISIK POHON PADA JALUR HIJAU JALAN PAJAJARAN BOGOR

10.31237/osf.io/5fdns ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

ABDUL HAFIZH AL-HAKIM

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Economic Value ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Ecological Function ◽

Tree Planting ◽

Quality Analysis ◽

Function Evaluation ◽

Pollution Potential ◽

The Road

Pajajaran street is one of the main street in Bogor city which has been famous with a high density of vehicle so it has a of high levels of air pollution potential because of the vehicle emissions. This study was conducted to analysis the effectiveness of plants to absorb pollutants in the road side trees based on an assessment of the physical characteristics of the trees to support the surrounding environment and provide recommendations for increase the ecological function of Pajajaran Bogor road side trees in reducing the air pollution. The method of this study used descriptive analysis, spatial analysis, and air quality analysis used the CITYgreen 5.4. The ecological function evaluation of Pajajaran Bogor road side trees in reducing the air pollution shows there are 958 trees which very appropriate to absorb the air pollution, 238 trees which appropriate to absorb the air pollution, 70 trees which less appropriate to absorb the air pollution, and there is no tree which not appropriate to absorb the air pollution. While the function of absorbing particles evaluation shows there is one tree which very appropriate in absorbing the particles, 1136 trees which appropriate in absorbing the particles, 101 trees which less appropriate in absorbing the particles, and 73 trees which not appropriate in absorbing the particles. The result of analysis used CITYgreen 5.4 shows Pajajaran Street Bogor can reduce pollutants in the amount of 2544 lbs (1,298 ton/year) with economic benefits value by $ 6.268 (Rp75.167.175,12). Pajajaran Street Bogor need to add as many as 485 trees in an area that does not have a tree planting so as to optimally reduce the amount of pollution as much as 1.66 ton/year, equivalent to the economic value of Rp 121 095 216.

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Analyzing the basic meteorological aspects of a particulate air pollution episode over the industrial area of Northwestern Greece during the November of 2009

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.001015 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 241-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Wind Field ◽

Lower Troposphere ◽

Airborne Particulate Matter ◽

Radical Change ◽

Industrial Area ◽

Lower Atmosphere ◽

Horizontal Wind ◽

Pollution Episode

The complex terrain basin of Amyntaio – Ptolemais – Kozani in Western Macedonia of Greece is an area characterized by increased industrial activity and therefore it demands continuous and assiduous environmental monitoring. A prolonged particulate matter air pollution episode was recorded in the area during November 2009. Basic meteorological aspects are analyzed, during the episode period. Daily and hourly PM10 and PM2.5 concentration measurements were used along with surface and lower atmosphere hourly meteorological parameters from 13 measuring stations. The observational data were supported by data produced by the meteorological component of an air pollution model. The overall analysis showed that the episode was primarily the result of the synoptic setting of the middle and lower troposphere. An Omega blocking pattern which gradually transformed to a high-over-low pattern prevailed over central and southern Europe during the episode’s period. The examination of the vertical wind field in the lower troposphere and appropriate stability indices, revealed a continuous absence of significant convection. The weak horizontal wind field near the surface and the reduced mixing height combined with the lack of synoptic forcing resulted in the trapping of the pollutants in the lower troposphere and the recording of increased airborne particulate matter concentrations. The radical change of the synoptic setting in the first days of December marked the end of the episode.

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS AND LEVEL OF HEALTH RISK FOR AIR POLLUTANTS

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-5-442-445 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 96 (5) ◽

pp. 442-445 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. V. Suchkov ◽

E. A. Semaeva

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Health Risk ◽

Hexavalent Chromium ◽

Reference Range ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Carcinogenic Risk ◽

Daily Maximum ◽

The Third ◽

The City

There was executed the complex assessment of air pollution in the city Novokuibyshevsk in 2014. There were outlined basic chemicals exceeding hygienic standards, as well as causing both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk. Average concentrations of pollutants were shown to fail to exceed the average daily maximum permissible concentration, and on the basis of this air pollution index in the city of Novokuibyshevsk was the low in 2014. However, air pollution in the city of Novokuibyshevsk decreased not due to the reduction of the concentration of priority pollutants, but as a result of the revision of the admissible values for formaldehyde concentrations. Individual carcinogenic risks to the health of children under 18 years according to hexavalent chromium, benzene and formaldehyde exceeded the border of maximum permissible risk, and were attributed to the third reference range of risk values in accordance with the R 2.1.10.1920-04. The carcinogenic risk to the health of adults and the population of the city of Novokuibyshevsk as a whole was in the third reference range boundaries only for hexavalent chromium. However, the overall carcinogenic risk for health of children aged up to 18 years amounted to 1.18∙10-3 and moved into a fourth reference range boundaries. The total index of danger with all substances, the content of which was monitored in the ambient air in the city of Novokuibyshevsk, accounted for 17.74 and also demanded measures to reduce air pollution in the near future.

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