Studies on, the Topsoil of an Underground Coal-mining Project

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishit K. Kundu ◽  
Mrinal K. Ghose
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Land Protection ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
The Impact

The coal-mining industry plays a vital role towards meeting the energy demands of the people of India. Whether the mining is opencast or underground, however, it affects the environment and ecology of the region. Land is a non-renewable resource and is the main component damaged by mining. In India, exploitation of minerals was carried out in early days with virtually no regard for land protection. Underground mining causes subsidence of strata, mine fires, disturbance of the water-table, topographic disorder, and damage to the land-use pattern.A fact-finding survey was made at an underground coal project of Raniganj Coalfield in Eastern India, to assess the impact of mining on the topsoil, the study area being described. Generally the soils of the local agricultural land are brownish-grey and smooth while those of the ‘danga’ lands are yellowish brown with fine rock materials, the textural quality being, respectively, sandy loam and loamy sand. Field tests such as infiltration rate and field capacity were measured at all the sampling locations, and graphical representation of the infiltration rates are given.Infiltration rates of ‘danga’ land were found to be higher than those of agricultural land, due to their generally coarser texture. Field capacity of agricultural lands were found to range from 17.94 to 21.05%, and of ‘danga’ lands from 12.86 to 14.65%. Wilting coefficients were found to range from 5.31 to 6.75% for agricultural land and from 4.70 to 5.25% for ‘danga’ land. Bulk density, soil pH, conductivity, moisture content, and fertility status of the area, were also studied and the results discussed. Soils are deficient in nutrients. Kharif crops give an average yield of 5.05 quintals (each of 100 kg) per acre (0.405 ha) and Rabi crops only 4.88 quintals per acre. Underground mining activity will create land subsidence and disturb the water-table, finally having a negative impact on the topsoil of the area.

scholarly journals Community Resilience of Mining Area and Food Vulnerability in South Kalimantan

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-63
Author(s):  
Fredian Tonny Nasdian ◽  
Nurmala Katrina Pandjaitan ◽  
Zessy Ardinal Barlan
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Food Vulnerability ◽  
Community Capability

Coal mining policies and activities in addition to having a positive impact on state income, job creation and business, also have a negative impact on ecosystems and communities in the mining area. The study was conducted in two mining communities in South Kalimantan using an emic and etic approach to explore community resilience and food insecurity due to ecological changes and the impact of mining policies and activities. Coal mining policies and activities in South Kalimantan causes catastrophic floods, land damage, and crop failure on lowland rice fields that have an impact on potential food insecurity at the household and community level. The pattern of community resilience in the two communities is in the form of social movements as a form of social adaptation, and agricultural land recovery and changing agricultural commodities as a form of ecological adaptation. The process of community resilience in the two communities is at the level of recovery towards a stable community condition, not yet at the transformation stage. Community capability is the most influential factor on the degree of community resilience so that the handling of food insecurity based on community resilience needs to be done by developing strategies to increase community capability. 

Modeling of the stress-state longwall face during coal mining with the technology of roof management complete drop and stowing

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
I. E. Mazina ◽  
A. A. Stel’makhov ◽  
L. F. Mullagalieva
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Strain State ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Coal Bed ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Stress Strain State

Underground mining of coal deposits has a negative impact on all components of the environment. When developing a coal deposit, it is coal mining technology that determines the scale and consequences of the negative impact. Changes in the stress-strain state of the geo-environment can lead to a violation of the hydrological regime, increased gas emission from the host rocks, the initiation of gas-dynamic processes. Choice of roofing management technology - as a geotechnological method of natural and technical system management determines the environmental friendliness of coal mining and creates safety conditions. The article deals with the technology of roofing control during coal production. For this purpose mathematical modeling and analysis of stress-strain state of the bottomhole part of the coal bed for the conditions of S.M. Kirov is performed. As a result of modeling, two technologies of roof control were analyzed - complete caving and stowing. For the worked out clearing leaves filled with either caving rocks or stowing material, there are characteristic unloading zones in the massif to be worked and overworked, as well as pressure reference zones, which fall on the parts of the pillars associated with the lava. It was found out that the application of the stowing technology creates conditions for minimization of gravitational stresses in the geoenvironment, as well as significantly reduces the potential energy of form change.

scholarly journals Estimating the Soil Hydraulic Functions of Some Olive Orchards: Soil Management Implications for Water Saving in Soils of Salento Peninsula (Southern Italy)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Castellini ◽  
Anna Maria Stellacci ◽  
Marcello Mastrangelo ◽  
Francesco Caputo ◽  
Luisa Maria Manici
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Relative Field ◽  
The Impact

Saving water resources in agriculture is a topic of current research in Mediterranean environments, and rational soil management can allow such purposes. The Beerkan Estimation of Soil Transfer parameters (BEST) procedure was applied in five olive orchards of Salento peninsula (southern Italy) to estimate the soil physical and hydraulic properties under alternative soil management (i.e., no-tillage (NT) and minimum tillage (MT)), and to quantify the impact of soil management on soil water conservation. Results highlighted the soundness of BEST predictions since they provided consistent results in terms of soil functions or capacitive-based soil indicators when (i) the entire data set was grouped by homogeneous classes of texture, bulk density, and capillarity of the soil, (ii) the predictions were compared with the corresponding water retention measures independently obtained in lab, and (iii) some correlations of literature were checked. BEST was applied to establish a comparison at Neviano (NE) and Sternatia (ST) sites. The two neighboring NT soils compared at NE showed substantial discrepancies in soil texture (i.e., sandy loam (NE-SL) or clay (NE-C)). This marked difference in soil texture could determine a worsening of the relative field capacity at the NE-SL site (relative field capacity, RFC < 0.6), as compared to NE-C where RFC was optimal. The current soil management determined a similar effect (RFC < 0.6) at Sternatia (ST-MT vs. ST-NT), but the worsening in soil properties, due to soil tillage, must be considered substantially transient, as progressive improvement is expected with the restoration of the soil structure. The results of this work suggest that strategic MT can be a viable solution to manage the soil of Salento olive orchards.

scholarly journals Determining the working status of the production organization structure in the mechanized longwall when the negative impact factor has appeared

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Hung Phi Nguyen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Underground Coal Mining ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Production Organization ◽  
Mineral Industries ◽  
The Impact

For the purpose of ensuring sustainable development, one of the important factors is to increase labor productivity and minimize the number of workers directly working in the mine. In the context of increasing requirements for underground coal mining, the number of workers tends to decline due to shifting to other types of economy. Therefore, the mechanization investment in coal mining is the inevitable destination, which guarantees the long - term strategic development of the coal mining industry. Although the mechanized mining has obtained several achievements, the annual coal mining output is still not high, specifically reaching 73.8%; 51.3%; 61.4% according to the plan respectively for the years of 2013, 2014 and 2015. A total of mechanized lines has been invested and applied in Vietnam National Coal - Mineral Industries Holding Corporation Limited, but there are only six lines in operation until at this time. For five recent years, when the mining industry has accumulated a lot of experience in using mechanization technology, it is found that the potential factors causing production interruption have resulted in the effectiveness of these longwalls not achieved as expected. Summary of advantages, difficulties, and unsuccessful implementation of mechanization technology in the condition of Quang Ninh mine area has shown a big gap in production organization that should be specifically studying. In this study, the author wants to build a basic background in determining the impact of potential factors conscious of the longwall mechanized.

scholarly journals The Effect of Variations in Drainage on Infiltration Rates in Pore Cylindrical Drainage

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Nhi Thrinch ◽  
Honh Thung
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Subsurface Soil ◽  
The Impact

Inundation and floods are caused by a combination of factors including lower rain catchment areas, decreasing infiltration rates, and an uneven distribution of rainfall throughout the year, which all combine to create flooding and inundation issues. The alternative option is to install an efficient drainage system that is ecologically friendly, since in addition to its role of accommodating and draining water, it also has the additional purpose of absorbing water into the subsurface soil layer. A pore hole is created at the bottom of the drainage channel in order for the water to be absorbed. There was a desire to investigate the impact of soil texture on the rate of infiltration, therefore this research was conducted. Three kinds of soil were utilized as infiltration medium, namely sandy loam, loam, and clayey loam, all of which were found in the surrounding area. In addition, there are three variants of hole spacing, namely 16 cm, 32 cm, and 48 cm, as well as three variations of flow rate, namely 400 cm3/s, 1500 cm3/s, and 2500 cm3/s, among others. As a consequence of laboratory studies, it has been shown that the impact of changes in flow rate on infiltration discharge is inversely proportional to the flow rate, i.e., the higher the flow rate, the smaller the infiltration discharge that occurs. The reason for this is because it is influenced by the flow velocity

scholarly journals DAMPAK ALIH FUNGSI LAHAN PERTANIAN CENGKEH TERHADAP KONDISI SOSIAL EKONOMI PETANI (Studi Kasus Petani Pemilik Lahan di Kelurahan Kumelembuai Kecamatan Tomohon Timur)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3A) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
River Pieter Tandaju ◽  
Elsje P. Manginsela ◽  
Nordy F. L. Waney
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Local Society ◽  
Social Side ◽  
The Impact

The research aims to describe the impact of the conversion of agricultural land of cloves to the socio-economic condition of farmers. The study was conducted from May to July 2017. The data used are primary data obtained through interviews to 5 (five) respondents who sell land for land converted. Secondary data is obtained from Tetetana Hill nature reserve, Kumelembuai village government, books and journals. Data analysis used is descriptive analysis. The research results showed that viewed from the economic side, land conversion has a positive impact for the farmers family and local society. Positive impacts for farmers family include increasing the income, helping to construction the house of farmers, opening up a new farming businesses, and for local society like existence of jobs. Viewed from the social side, land conversion has positive and negative impacts, that is: change of farmers family life status (positive impact), and the influence of visitor habits toward society (negative impact).

scholarly journals MODELING OF THE OPTIMAL DISTRIBUTION OF MOTORWAY OVERPASSES ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE A4 MOTORWAY SECTION

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław BACIOR ◽  
Barbara PRUS ◽  
Małgorzata DUDZIŃSKA
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Toxic Impact ◽  
Innovative Method ◽  
Alternative Location ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
The Impact

The developed, innovative method of estimating the impact of motorway on agricultural land allows determination of all the losses associated with the directions of this impact. The basis for the determination of losses is the analysis of variability in land use and the quality classes and location of access roads to the land along the axis of the planned motorway. The approved measure of the multidirectional impact of the motorway on agricultural land is a change in the value of land, which is designated taking into account the differentiation of their suitability for agricultural production. The developed method of determining the impact of motorway on agricultural land was presented on the example of A4 motorway section between Bratkowice and Mrowla. The existing section of motorway was assessed and then for the same section the calculations were made again, but with an alternative location of the motorway overpasses. In the case of the existing section, the construction of one kilometer of the section of motorway under consideration will result in a reduction in the value of agricultural land of 1725 cereal units. Acquisition of land for the construction of the motorway and its negative impact cover about 69% of the total reduction in value of agricultural land. The remaining 31% of the land value reduction is related to the increase in transport and the deterioration of the parcels layout. On the other hand, in the case of the section with alternative arrangement of viaducts, the value of agricultural land is reduced of 1538 cereal units. Acquisition of land under construction and its toxic impact will be equal 75%, while the combined effect of transport growth and deterioration of the layout makes 25%.

scholarly journals Diversification of Municipalities Located in the Impact Area of National Parks in Terms of Environmental Requirements of Sustainable Tourism

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 4896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Pawłat-Zawrzykraj ◽  
Konrad Podawca
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Land Protection ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
The Impact

The main objective of the paper was to show the diversification of Polish municipalities that have national parks within their boundaries in terms of implementing sustainable tourism priorities. The study focused on ecological and environmental aspects, primarily related to the shaping and maintenance of green areas, as well as waste and wastewater management. The assessment was based on statistical data taken from the Local Data Bank for the years 2012–2018. The authors determined their own set of indicators, describing green areas management, the environmental risk associated with waste and wastewater generation, and the reshaping of the forest and agricultural landscape. The obtained results were compared with the spatial diversification of the surveyed administrative units in terms of tourist attractiveness carried out by us in 2018. The study made it possible to indicate, among others, municipalities that are prime tourist destinations and have highly developed tourist facilities, but do not keep up with sustainable tourism activities. There are also units that carry out activities in the field of forest and agricultural land protection, invest in public green areas, properly manage sewage and wastewater, and, at the same time, are not attractive for tourists.

scholarly journals Numerical modeling of open pit (OP) to underground (UG) transition in coal mining

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phu Minh Vuong Nguyen ◽  
Zbigniew Niedbalski
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Original Experiment ◽  
Surface Stability ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The primary objective of the present paper is an attempt at evaluating the influence of sub-level caving operations on the slope stability of a still-functioning open pit coal mine in Vietnam. Initially, various methods of predicting the impact of underground mining on surface stability are discussed. Those theoretical considerations were later utilized in the process of constructing a Flac-2D-software-based numerical model for calculating the influence of underground operation on the deformation and possible loss of stability of an open pit slope. The numerical analysis proved that the values of open pit slope displacements were affected mainly by underground exploitation depth, direction of operation (i.e., from one slope to the other) and the distance from the slope plane. Real geomechanical strata parameters from the Vietnamese coal basin of Cam Pha were used in the modeling process. The paper is, therefore, a critical review of the hitherto proposed methods of predicting the impact of underground operation (UG) on open pit mining (OP), illustrated with selected examples of case studies on OP-UG interaction, followed by an original experiment based on numerical modeling method. This is first such study for the genuine conditions of the coal mining in Vietnam. The obtained results, however, should not be generalized due to a highly specific character of the analyzed phenomenon of mining-induced surface deformation. The practical implications of the study may occur extremely useful in the case of an UG-OP transition. Such a transition is often necessary for both technical and economical reasons, as in some coal basins open pit operations at greater depths occur unfeasible, which calls for a proper selection of parameters for a planned underground operation.

scholarly journals Ecological Environment Changes of Mining Areas Around Nansi Lake With Remote Sensing Monitoring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Liu ◽  
Yan Jiang ◽  
Rafal Misa ◽  
Junhai Gao ◽  
Mingyu Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Nansi Lake ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Underground mining activity has existed for more than 100 years in Nansi lake. Coal mining not only plays a supporting role in local social and economic development but also has a significant impact on the ecological environment in the region. Landsat series remote sensing data (1988~2019) are used to research the impact of coal mining on the ecological environment in Nansi lake. Then Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is applied to extract the water area of the upstream lake from 1988 to 2019, and ecological environment and spatiotemporal variation characteristics are analyzed by Remote Sensing Ecology Index (RSEI). The results illustrate that the water area change is associated with annual precipitation. Compared with 2009, the ecological quality of the lake is worse in 2019, and then the reason for this change is due to large-scale underground mining. Therefore, the coal mines from the natural reserve may be closed or limited to the mining boundary for protecting the lake's ecological environment.

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