scholarly journals The Effect of Variations in Drainage on Infiltration Rates in Pore Cylindrical Drainage

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Nhi Thrinch ◽  
Honh Thung
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Subsurface Soil ◽  
The Impact

Inundation and floods are caused by a combination of factors including lower rain catchment areas, decreasing infiltration rates, and an uneven distribution of rainfall throughout the year, which all combine to create flooding and inundation issues. The alternative option is to install an efficient drainage system that is ecologically friendly, since in addition to its role of accommodating and draining water, it also has the additional purpose of absorbing water into the subsurface soil layer. A pore hole is created at the bottom of the drainage channel in order for the water to be absorbed. There was a desire to investigate the impact of soil texture on the rate of infiltration, therefore this research was conducted. Three kinds of soil were utilized as infiltration medium, namely sandy loam, loam, and clayey loam, all of which were found in the surrounding area. In addition, there are three variants of hole spacing, namely 16 cm, 32 cm, and 48 cm, as well as three variations of flow rate, namely 400 cm3/s, 1500 cm3/s, and 2500 cm3/s, among others. As a consequence of laboratory studies, it has been shown that the impact of changes in flow rate on infiltration discharge is inversely proportional to the flow rate, i.e., the higher the flow rate, the smaller the infiltration discharge that occurs. The reason for this is because it is influenced by the flow velocity

scholarly journals The role of unpaved roads in the formation of landslide processes (on the example of Voronezh region)

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Andrey N. Timofeev
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Unpaved Roads ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Landslide Processes ◽  
Landslide Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Landslide Distribution

The article gives a brief description of the Voronezh region, provides data on the cause of landslides in its territory. The cyclical nature of landslide processes is noted, which in the region is on average 6-8 years. Attention is focused on anthropogenic activity, leading to the occurrence of creeping layers of the earth. The main causes of erosion processes are: significant plowing of the area (80%), which is not subject to the rules of anti-erosion agrotechnology; the irrational use of pastures and hayfields; an extensive gully-beam network. The role of temporary reservoirs formed in the ruts of unpaved roads, passing along the slopes and ravines, as a source of overmoistening of the soil layers and initiation of landslide processes is considered. The analysis of the landslide distribution over the territory of the Voronezh region and their dependence on the network of dirt roads is given. The areas of the Voronezh region were ranked by the number of landslide processes associated with the impact of a number of unpaved highways. Of the 32 districts of the region, according to this ranking, 12 are extremely dangerous, very dangerous and dangerous, and the same areas have a very extensive network of unpaved roads running near ravines, steep banks of rivers and ponds, where potentially flow of landslide processes. Dirt roads often have relatively deep ruts where melted or rainwater accumulates, forming local micro-ponds. Flowing to the waterproof layer, water saturates the soil layer, which can slide down the slope, forming a landslide process. It is necessary to predict the possibility of the occurrence of dangerous natural phenomena when laying automobile dirt roads.

scholarly journals Noble Gases in Terrestrial Planets: Evidence for Cometary Impacts?

1989 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 429-437
Author(s):  
Tobias Owen ◽  
Akiva Bar-Nun ◽  
Idit Kleinfeld
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Noble Gases ◽  
Noble Gas ◽  
Terrestrial Planets ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gas Patterns ◽  
Atmosphere Of Venus

AbstractThe possible role of comets in bringing volatiles to the inner planets is investigated by means of laboratory studies of the ability of ice to trap gases at low temperatures. The pattern of the heavy noble gases formed in the atmosphere of Venus can be explained by the impact of a planetesimal composed of ices formed in the range of 20 to 30 K. The noble gas patterns on Mars and Earth are less explicable by cometary bombardment alone.

The Role of Residence in School Segregation: Placing the Impact of Parental Choice in Perspective

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1829-1852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Taylor ◽  
Stephen Gorard
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Parental Choice ◽  
School Segregation ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Socioeconomic Segregation ◽  
The Impact

There have been many claims that the introduction of parental choice for schools in the United Kingdom would lead to further socioeconomic segregation between schools. However, little evidence of this has actually emerged. Instead during the first half of the 1990s, in particular, the number of children living in poverty became more equally distributed between UK secondary schools. Part of the explanation for this lies with the prior arrangements for allocating children to schools, typically based upon designated catchment areas. In this paper we argue that the degree of residential segregation that exists in England ensured that schools were already highly segregated before the introduction of market reforms to education, and has continued to be the chief determinant of segregation since. We then suggest that the School Standards and Framework Act 1998, which advocates a return to the use of catchment areas and distance to school when allocating places in oversubscribed schools, may be leading inadvertently to increased socioeconomic segregation between schools.

scholarly journals Water supply intensity during drip irrigation of vegetable crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 05008
Author(s):  
S.A. Kurbanov ◽  
M.M. Dzhambulatov ◽  
V.V. Borodychev ◽  
D.S. Magomedova
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Irrigation Rate ◽  
Chestnut Soils ◽  
Irrigation Water Use

The paper presents the materials of field research on the study of the regularities of the development of moisture outlines on light soils during drip irrigation of vegetable crops. The correlation is found between the depth of the moistened layer and the area of the moistening outlines on the pre-irrigation threshold of the moisture content of the active soil layer, irrigation standards and the flow rate of drippers, which gives an opportunity to decline the unproductive water consumption for filtration. It is found that in light loamy and sandy loam light chestnut soils, for guaranteed rule of the moisture regime, on onion crops, it is essential to maintain the pre-irrigation threshold of 80% HB with the irrigation rate of 200 m3 / ha with the flow rate of drip water outlets of 2.8 l / h, and the depth of irrigation of 120 m3/ha with the flow rate of discharge outlets of 1.7 l/h, correspondingly. In irrigation of tomatoes grown on light-loamy light-chestnut soils, it is appropriate to apply the irrigation rate of 180 m3 / ha, which provides the level of pre-irrigation humidity in the layer of 0.6 m not lower than 80% HB, the formation of the required characteristics of the moisture contour (depth of 0.62 m and diameter of 0.37 m), as well as an enhance in the efficiency of irrigation water use by 11.1%. The results can be applied in the design of drip irrigation systems for vegetable crops.

Studies on, the Topsoil of an Underground Coal-mining Project

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishit K. Kundu ◽  
Mrinal K. Ghose
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Land Protection ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
The Impact

The coal-mining industry plays a vital role towards meeting the energy demands of the people of India. Whether the mining is opencast or underground, however, it affects the environment and ecology of the region. Land is a non-renewable resource and is the main component damaged by mining. In India, exploitation of minerals was carried out in early days with virtually no regard for land protection. Underground mining causes subsidence of strata, mine fires, disturbance of the water-table, topographic disorder, and damage to the land-use pattern.A fact-finding survey was made at an underground coal project of Raniganj Coalfield in Eastern India, to assess the impact of mining on the topsoil, the study area being described. Generally the soils of the local agricultural land are brownish-grey and smooth while those of the ‘danga’ lands are yellowish brown with fine rock materials, the textural quality being, respectively, sandy loam and loamy sand. Field tests such as infiltration rate and field capacity were measured at all the sampling locations, and graphical representation of the infiltration rates are given.Infiltration rates of ‘danga’ land were found to be higher than those of agricultural land, due to their generally coarser texture. Field capacity of agricultural lands were found to range from 17.94 to 21.05%, and of ‘danga’ lands from 12.86 to 14.65%. Wilting coefficients were found to range from 5.31 to 6.75% for agricultural land and from 4.70 to 5.25% for ‘danga’ land. Bulk density, soil pH, conductivity, moisture content, and fertility status of the area, were also studied and the results discussed. Soils are deficient in nutrients. Kharif crops give an average yield of 5.05 quintals (each of 100 kg) per acre (0.405 ha) and Rabi crops only 4.88 quintals per acre. Underground mining activity will create land subsidence and disturb the water-table, finally having a negative impact on the topsoil of the area.

Iptek Bagi Masyarakat: Sumur Resapan Desa Tanjung Gusta untuk Pengendali Banjir

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Fahrizal Zulkarnain
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Impact

The use of infiltration well as a flood controller can also be useful in anticipation of the decrease in the watertable in the dry season. Infiltration well also serves to maintain the ground water level, decrease groundwatercontamination, reduce groundwater degradation, help to overcome the lack of clean water, maintain water balance in thesoil, reduce the stagnant residential areas due to poorly functioning drainage system, and reduce soil erosion in someplaces due to lack of water infiltration into the soil. The water from the infiltration well will lead to a deep soil layer sothat the decrease of the ground water surface will not occur in a short time due to its existence. Community participationin implementing infiltration wells is very functional and will significantly reduce the impact of floods. In general, infiltration wells that can help reduce surface water are those that have a well dimension of 2 x 2 x 2 meters, thusaccommodating the water volume of  8 m3 expected to be impregnated into the ground as soon as possible to cope with flooding

The impact of intentional stormwater infiltration on soil and groundwater

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Barraud ◽  
A. Gautier ◽  
J. P. Bardin ◽  
V. Riou
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Rectangular Chamber ◽  
Stormwater Infiltration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Urban Sites

Stormwater infiltration is a principle which is more and more utilized on urban sites in France. However, given the characteristics of urban surfaces, and notably the amounts of the different pollutants that stormwater is likely to contain, it is important to try to assess the impact of intentional stormwater infiltration systems on the soil, and on groundwater. To try to answer that type of question, we present an experiment that was carried out in Valence (France) on two infiltration facilities. Situated in the same street, and serving equivalent catchment areas (i.e. a road network, along with a “classical” urban type of habitat), the first one is a recent cylindrical soakaway (1994) and the second one is a rectangular chamber which is around thirty years old. After explaining the experimental protocol, we shall present a body of data that we monitored. We shall then present our conclusions concerning the role of the soil and the groundwater in the process of “clearing up” the different pollutants that are present in stormwater, as well as the migration patterns of these pollutants.

scholarly journals Dampak Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan Terhadap Limpasan Permukaan dan Laju Aliran Puncak Sub DAS Gajahwong Hulu Kabupaten Sleman

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andiri Rahardian ◽  
Imam Buchori
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Watershed Hydrology ◽  
Peak Flow Rate ◽  
Landuse Change ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
The Impact

Upstream Gajahwong Sub-Watershed included in Yogyakarta Urban Agglomeration Region and regional development of tourism that utilizes the beauty of the slopes of Mount Merapi also the support accessibility (Solo-Magelang-Semarang road; this condition is assumed to be the cause of landuse changes, followed by vegetation land shrinkage. The shrinkage’s result is water catchment areas reduction that disrupts the Sub-Watershed hydrology function. One of indication is the increasing flood discharge that can be seen from the changes in surface runoff and peak flow rate. This research aims to assess the impact of landuse change on surface runoff and peak flow rate in Gajahwong Sub-Watershed using a quantitative method that consists of spatial and mathematic analysis with SCS and Rational Method. The results showed that the landuse changes impact on increasing surface runoff and peak flow rate. The surface runoff in year 2002 amounted to 3.073 mm with a peak flow rate of 98.02 m³/sec then increased to 3.901 mm with a peak flow rate of 101.65 m³/sec in year 2011. The landuse changes that occur tend to built landuse which was followed by vegetation shrinkage and impact on the increase in surface runoff and peak flow rate. Predictions in year 2031 also showed an increase in surface runoff and peak flow rate, if there is a tendency of landuse changes linearly as landuse changes in year 2002 – 2011. Alternative analytical efforts to handle surface runoff and peak flow rate showed that by combining the development of Green Open Space with water conservation technology (Biopori and Infiltration Wells) can reduce surface runoff and peak flow rate.

scholarly journals Investigating the Influence of Biochar Particle Size and Depth of Placement on Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Emissions from Simulated Urine Patches

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Ainul Mahmud ◽  
Marta Camps-Arbestain ◽  
Mike Hedley
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Inversion

The use of biochar reduces nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from soils under specific conditions yet the mechanisms through which interactions occur are not fully understood. The objectives of this glasshouse study were to investigate the effect of (i) biochar particle size, and (ii) the impact of soil inversion—through simulated mouldboard ploughing—on N2O emissions from soils to which cattle urine was applied. Pine biochar (550 °C) with two different particle sizes (<2 mm and >4 mm) was mixed either into the top soil layer at the original 0–10 cm depth in the soil column or at 10–20 cm depth by inverting the top soil to simulate ploughing. Nitrous oxide emissions were monitored for every two to three days, up to seven weeks during the summer trial and measurements were repeated during the autumn trial. We found that the use of large particle size biochar in the inverted soil had significant impact on increasing the cumulative N2O emissions in autumn trial, possibly through changes in the water hydraulic conductivity of the soil column and increased water retention at the boundary between soil layers. This study thus highlights the importance of the role of biochar particle size and the method of biochar placement on soil physical properties and the implications of these on N2O emissions.

The role of Ca-organic interactions in soil aggregate stability .I. Laboratory studies with glucose 14C, CaCO3 and CaSO4.2.H2O

Soil Research ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Muneer ◽  
JM Oades
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates ◽  
Dispersible Clay

14C-glucose with or without CaCO3 or CaS04.2H2O was incubated in a leached fine sandy loam under controlled temperature and humidity for 120 days. The addition of CaSO4.2H2O decreased the release of 14CO2, compared with soil with 14C-glucose and CaCO3 and 14C-glucose only. Addition of CaCO3 initially stimulated release of 14CO2 but subsequently the release of 14CO2 was inhibited compared with treatments with no calcium additions. Addition of both CaSO4.2H20 and CaCO3 resulted in more residual 14C in the soil at the end of the incubation period than in the control soil to which no calcium was added. The addition of CaSO4.2H2O and CaCO3 led to increases in water-stable aggregates 50-250 �m diameter, and decreased the amount of dispersible clay. In the presence of calcium and glucose, the stabilization of aggregates >1000�m occurred and they persisted for a longer time than when no additions of calcium were made.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document